The author arrives at a conclusion on the vast biogeographical connections of the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific faunas in the Phanerozoic faunas on the basis of the comparative analysis of modern and ancient communities of invertebrates and the changes in their habitats.
This article considers the species composition, species biotopic distribution, nutrition, and zoogeographic characteristics of gastropoda in Kaliningrad ponds. The author shows the interplay of ecological factors that determine the species composition of molluscs. The article also presents the data on the impact of the invasive species Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) on the malacofauna of water bodies.
This article examines the influence of environmental factors on the polyphenol accumulation of the red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in the coastal and continental areas of the Kaliningrad region. The influence of temperature, light, and mineral nutrition factors on the accumulation activity of anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanidins, and catechins is determined. The coastal and continental area plants did not show any significant differences in the content of the examined polyphenol classes.
The cause of the extinction of the Black saxaul in the East Karakum is established on the basis of the analysis of literature and experimental data collected over the last 100 years.
The solution to the problem of immune memory generation in pathological processes of various kinds is a subject of theoretical investigations of the biomedical science. The role of immune memory in different diseases is ambiguous and may have both positive and negative consequences. It necessitates the search for effective ways of its regulation (by either endocrine or external influence), which, in some cases (infectious and tumourous disease), aim to strengthen and, in other cases (autoimmune diseases and allergy), to suppress (weaken) the immune processes. The factors affecting the formation of immunological memory are numerous and varied. The steroid hormones are considered the most abundant group of biologically active agents. The influence of these agents on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of immune system cells is being intensively studied. This review analyses the data on the role of steroid hormones in the immune memory regulation obtained in the recent researches.