The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... article aims to address the question of whether Russia should establish direct relations with the V4 and the BA/BCM as tools to overcome the mentioned difficulties. On the one hand, these associations date back to before the countries acceded to the Union. On the other, they are products of regionalisation in the EU. In answering this question, we achieve three objectives. Firstly, we look for an appropriate theoretical and methodological framework for the study. Secondly, we produce a comparative ...
Confiscation Estonian style: legal and political aspects of potential seizure of Russian assets in EU countries
... Representative and the Commission were invited to continue work on frozen Russian assets in accordance with EU law and international law in coordination with partners (para. 6).<9> Thus, the issue of EU countries using Russian assets has been on the Union’s agenda for over a year, yet no progress has been made in this regard.
The problem of legalising the confiscation of Russian assets should be considered as consisting of two parts: the confiscation of Russian sovereign assets and the confiscation ...
New principles of resource distribution in the EU and their impact on the countries of the Baltic region
... 2021—2027 was adopted during the severe crisis caused by the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. In the face of a rapidly deteriorating economic situation, EU countries took unprecedented steps radically changing the principles of resource allocation in the Union. These included the recovery plan for Europe, making the EU budget conditional on respect for the rule of law and the new EU resources system. This article seeks to identify the essential characteristics of the decisions made within the Multiannual ...
The fifth wave of the European Union enlargement: pro et contra
... vybor [The fifth enlargement of the EU: a fateful choice], Mirovaya Ekonomika i Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya [World Economy and International Relations], no. 9, p. 59—87.
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5. Zlokazova, N. 2004, Rasshirenie ES: za i protiv s pozicij ego chlenov [EU Enlargement: the pros and cons from the standpoint of its members], Mirovaya Ekonomika i Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya [World Economy and International ...
Coalition Within a Coalition: The Baltics in the European Union
... for decision-making to larger players. Such an asymmetric strategy makes it possible for small powers to advance their interests within alliances and save resources. The authors test this hypothesis on the behaviour of the Baltics in the European Union. It is demonstrated that Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia have created a stable small coalition within the EU and actively form ad hoc alliances with the leading states to push union-level decisions, as it was the case with settling the migrant issue....
The concept of the European Union’s normative power
Traditionally, studies into a state’s foreign policy focus on the international situation and national interests of the parties. However, such approach does not completely conform to the objectives of studies into the foreign policy of the European Union – an example of unique integration of states. One of the modern approaches aimed to describe the nature of the EU as an actor in world politics is the concept of the EU’s ‘normative power’ arguing that the ‘power’ of the EU lies in the ...
Supranational party system of the EU
The article confirms the hypothesis that a multiplicity of parties of the European and national levels forms the party system of the European Union (EU). The authors describe the main characteristics of Europarties and political groups comprised of them as key actors in the European Parliament’s (EP) political and legislative processes. The authors adopt the institutional approach and make ...
The development of cooperation between the European Union and Russia on migration issues: from „the „common spaces” to the actual implementation
... main results of its implementation, such as the Readmission and Visa Facilitation agreements. Moreover, it stresses the role of Russia as an agenda-setter of the EU migration agenda in the Eastern Europe.
1. Averre, D. 2005, Russia and the European Union: Convergence or Divergence?, European Security, no. 14 (2), p. 175—202.
2. Barbé, E., Costa, O., Herranz, A., Johansson-Nogués, E., Natorski, M., and Sabiote, M. A. 2010, Drawing the neighbours closer… to what? Explaining emerging patterns ...
The Legal Regulation of the EU Immigrant Integration Policy
In this article, I consider the legal aspects of the EU policy on the integration of immigrants into the host society. The current EU basic law does not give the Union the power to issue legislative acts aimed at harmonizing national rules for the integration of immigrants. However, in the aftermath of the migrant crisis in Europe, this problem has been receiving increased attention. I systematize legal instruments ...
The communication of persons: Kant’s theory of marriage law held captive by pagan anthropology
... which states the title-establishing status of primary acquisition in the field of personal law. References to the ethical idea of the absolute unity of personality, as well as the accent on “pleasure” as the necessary subjective goal of marital union, which leads the moralist an the philosopher of law upon a false trail, cannot provide a real solution of the problem. The naturalistic premise, in consequence of which the meaning of love is conceived in terms of pleasure, perpetuates the Roman ...
Civil protection in the EU and its effect on the safety of the Baltic region
... Chapter 7: Protection of persons in the event of disasters, 3 May-4 June 5 July-6 August 2010, p. 313—327.
3. Council Decision of 8 November 2007 establishing a Community Civil Protection Mechanism (recast), 2007, Official Journal of the European Union, Series L, no. 314, December 1.
4. Council Regulation of 11 November 2002 (2012/2002) establishing the European Union Solidarity Fund, 2002, Official Journal of the European Union, Series L, no. 311, November 14.
5. The Council Decision of 23 ...
Kant’s perpetual peace project and the project of the European Union
The article examines the following problems: 1) How well-founded is the comparison of the ideas of Kant's treatise «Towards Perpetual Peace», written in late XVIII century, with the implementation of nowadays project of European Union? 2) If such parallels are possible, to what extent the structure of the EU corresponds to Kant's vision? 3) Which Kantian ideas are of the foremost importance to future development of the EU? Basing on the analysis of Kant's treatise and of the ...
Russia and the European Union in the Baltic region: a treacherous path to partnership
This article examines policies of Moscow and Brussels in the Baltics since the launch of the European Union’s Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region in June 2009. An increase in the efficiency of Russia’s policy in the region requires not only the development of bilateral relations with the region’s countries but also a dialogue with the European Union,...
The externalisation of migration control in the European Union: first steps towards the external dimension of the space of freedom, security and justice
... of an area of freedom, security and justice is one of the most rapidly developing aspects of European integration. It this paper, we take a look at the foreign policies involved in this process — aside from the internal development of the European Union, they concern a significant number of third countries, including Russia. In our view, the efforts to manage the flow of migrants and asylum seekers constitute a viable part of the external dimension within the AFSJ policies. Much of this article ...
New stages of the excessive budget deficit procedure for the EU member states and the assessment of their effectiveness
... However, their introduction depends on the political will of EU member-states. The sanctions can potentially inflict additional damage on the financial situation in the EU states having budget deficit.
1. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union: consolidated version 2016 // Official Journal of the European Union. 2016. Vol. 59. C202. P. 47—200. URL:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.C_.2016.202.01.0001.01.ENG&toc...
(дата обращения: ...
Kant’s Perpetual Peace Project and the Project of the European Union
The article examines the following problems: 1) How well-founded is the comparison of the ideas of Kant’s essay «Towards Perpetual Peace», written in late XVIII century, with the implementation of nowadays project of European Union 2) If such parallels are possible, to what extent the structure of the EU corresponds to Kant’s vision? 3) Which Kantian ideas are of the foremost importance to future development of the EU? Basing on the analysis of Kant’s treatise and of the ...
Current Geodemographic Problems in the European Union and Migration Crisis of the 2010s
This article demonstrates the effect of the 2010s migration crisis has had on the demographic development of the European Union. Employing statistics and mapping, the study argues that the demographic development of EU states is not affected by either socioeconomic performance or religious, linguistic, and cultural characteristics. Migration inflow differs significantly ...
Processes of convergence and divergence in the regions of the European Union: features and qualimetry
A higher level of unity and cohesion across the European Union member states is an important aspect of European integration though it has a rather ambiguous nature. The Law on the Common Market, which aims to increase the economic efficiency of the EU, became a subject of extensive discussions among researchers ...
Problems and prospects of EU — Russia dialogue on visa-free travel
... implementation of the provisions contained in the four blocks of the “Common Steps”, the authors draw conclusions about the political nature of major obstacles to a visa-free regime. This article is based on the proceedings of the “Russia and European Union: the dynamics of interrelations” international conference organized by the EU center of the I. Kant Baltic Federal University (the EU4U project).
1. Overview of Schengen Visa statistics 2009—2011, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/visa-policy/docs/overview_of_schengen_visa_statistics_2011_final_en....
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... operation in Ukraine in February 2022. The two countries’ decision is shown to be in the interest of the United States, which has always sought to fill the geopolitical vacuum reigning after the collapse of the opposing Soviet bloc and the Soviet Union itself. Finland and Sweden were the missing links for Washington and NATO in the Baltic region and Northern Europe as a whole. The study analyses the major consequences of these geopolitical changes for Russia in the Baltic region. These include ...
EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region: Challenges and Perspectives of International Cooperation
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The concept of guerrilla warfare in Lithuania in the 1920—1930s
This article analyses the military and tactical training of the members of the Lithuanian Riflemen’s Union for guerrilla warfare in the interwar period. Small nations, such as Lithuania and other Baltic states, being unable to build up military strength in order to ensure national security, were forced to seek for unconventional methods of warfare, including ...
The Northern Dimension policy: current state and development prospects
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Northern Dimension: Participant Strategies
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European and Eurasian integration: similarities and differences
... regarding the analysis of demographic and socio-economic development indicators of the EU and EAEU countries, as well as the integration mechanisms and instruments. The research comes to the conclusion on the possibility of adopting the European Union integration experience for the further integration processes in the Eurasian integration process. The primary tool for research is the comparative analysis. It is noted that the economic integration of countries in the post-Soviet space follows ...
Geopolitical and Geo-economic Changes in the Baltic Sea Region at the Turn of the XX—XXI centuries
... graphic-analytical methods, to name just a few. In the late 1980s — early 1990s, there were three socialist countries in the Baltic Sea region. They were signatories of the Warsaw Pact and members of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany). The Baltic Sea region housed four market economies (Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Germany). Only two of them were members of NATO and the EU (Germany and Denmark). At present, there are eight EU countries in the region; ...
Legal aspects of the EU policy on irregular immigration
... and rules on collaboration with third countries. The author pays special attention to analysing the current state of irregular immigration to the EU, which was dubbed the ‘greatest migration crisis in Europe’. The conclusion is that the European Union succeeded in the development of pioneering legislation on irregular immigration, which can serve as the basis for reception by other states. However, changes in the political and economic situation in the EU’s southern borderlands made the current ...
Human rights in EU-Russia relations: a human rights mechanism
This article considers the human rights issues in relations between the Russian Federation and the European Union in the context of formal agreements and real policy from 1994 to the beginning of 2013. The EU regards human rights as fundamental values, which serve as the basis for its foreign relations. Russia tends to consider this issue as an attempt of an ...
The EU Vs. Russia: Legal Nature and Implementation of the Union’s Restrictive Measures
... the EU sanctions against Russia are inconsistent with the legal nature of restrictive measures, since they are a punishment rather than a policy tool. The author believes that in the current political conditions it may be difficult for the European Union to reach a unanimous agreement to repeal or prolong the sanctions. This article is inspired by the discussions that took place during the international conference “Russia and the EU: the Question of Trust” held in Luxembourg on November, 28—29 ...
The facilitation of freedom of movement between Russia and the European Union: prospects and legal issues
This article examines the legal aspects of the prospective visa free regime between Russia and the European Union,as well as the implementation of local border traffic mechanisms.
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2. Council Regulation (EC) N 539/2001 of 15 March 2001 listing the ...
Struggle of the Serbs in Austria against the union with the Catholic Church in the 18th century
... rule since the end of the Holy League war with Turkey from the end of the 17th century to the era of Josephism. After having settled in Austria, the Serbs were exposed to the assimilation policy of the authorities, the main instrument of which was the union with the Roman Catholic Church imposed on the Serbs. The sources for the study were normative and administrative acts of authorities at various levels, decisions of the Serbian people's church councils, official and private correspondence, as well ...
France’s strategy in the Baltic region: military and political aspects
... French Republic stands out, as its foreign policy traditionally focuses more on the South (the Mediterranean and Africa). Under President Emmanuel Macron, France has been making efforts to pay attention to the north-eastern borders of the European Union as well. Since 2014, the French Armed Forces have regularly participated in various allied formats of NATO in the Baltic including the programme of Enhanced Forward Presence in Lithuania and Estonia.<2> Paris is linked with the Baltic countries ...
The Policy of Regional Convergence in Russia-Belarus integration: Prospects for Development
In a number of cases, integration of a large international region or an interstate union can only be promoted by political means. The policy of regional economic convergence prevails in many sectors. The single economic market and membership in economic and monetary unions give a new impetus to consolidation. The study aims to identify ...
The “illegal” branch of the Russian national patriotic opposition in the USSR: the case of the All-Russian Social-Christian Union for the Liberation of the People
This article is devoted to the activities of the Russian patriotic anti-Soviet organization All-Russian Social-Christian Union for the Liberation of the People, which operated in the Soviet Union in the 1960s. The author examines the ideological basis, program, composition, and structure of the Union and describes the role of the organization in Russian national-patriotic ...
The open method of coordination as a new form of governance: features, characteristics, prospects of application
... Degree of Master of European Studies / College of
Europe
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Bruges
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Hatzopoulos V
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The principle of mutual recognition of court orders within legal cooperation on criminal cases in the European Union
This article considers particular problems of cooperation on criminal matters in the European Union using the example of the European Arrest Warrant and European Evidence Warrant.
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on the functioning of the European Union, consolidated version //
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C 115.
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Local Border Traffic as a Form of Visa Liberalisation and Territorial Development
This article addresses the issue of visa liberalisation between Russia and the European Union, which constitutes a key aspect of the parties’ diplomatic cooperation. This work sets out to identify the main results of Russia/EU cooperation. The authors have conducted a brief historical analysis of this area of relations. The visa “regionalisation” ...
Polish-Russian Small Border Traffic in the Context of Russia-EU Relations
This article sets out to analyse the Polish-Russian agreement on small border traffic in the context of relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation. The analysis focuses on the role of the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation in relations between the EU and Russia and conditions of the Polish-Russian agreement on small border traffic. The methodology employed ...
Innovation Capacity of Russia and the Baltics: a Comparative Approach
... studentam, magistrantam, doktorantam, i uchenym Evropejskim sojuzom i stranami ES. 2012—2013 [European grants and scholarships: the catalog for scholarships and grants to students, undergraduates, doctoral students, and scientists of the European Union and countries in the EU. 2012—2013], available at: http://mobility.ukgu.kz/download/Европейские стипендии и гранты.pdf (accessed 10 January 2013).
4. Indikatory innovacionnoj dejatel'nosti: 2012 [Indicators of innovative ...
Innovative factors and conditions of sustainable development of rural territories
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The European idea in Central Europe and Scandinavia as a part of the security and peaceful co-existence policy in the framework of the postwar planning
... connections of the neighbouring countries were expected to constitute such formations, which contradicted and were opposed to by the theoretical framework of Western European integration. On the other hand, regional integration implied that a federation or union of the neighbouring states could be considered a step towards a more universal organisation, which would not mean the isolation of Scandinavia and Central Europe from the rest of the world. The theoretical and practical significance of this work ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... period of uncertainty in the 1990s and the early 2000s, gradually began to deteriorate due to the West’s disregard for Russian interests. The situation significantly worsened in 2014 and became problematic after February 24, 2022. In 2014, the European Union imposed illegal economic sanctions against Russia, and all EU member countries in the Baltic region joined them.
The geopolitical dynamics in the Baltic region from 2014 to 2021 revealed distinct stances among different countries in relation to ...
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
... former ‘states of real socialism’ have diverged widely. Many of the processes that we have witnessed and are witnessing now in the former socialist countries are also taking place in the states that emerged on the former territory of the Soviet Union, including Russia.
The demographic processes in Poland require special attention. The country is the largest post-socialist state in Eastern Europe in terms of area and population, and it has a long common border with the post-Soviet countries ...
A typology of the Baltic region states according to excellence in science and technology
... developed industry and a high level of human capital potential, making it one of the most developed international areas [29]. Secondly, five out of the ten countries in the region were previously part of the “people’s democracy” or the Soviet Union, and therefore share similarities in their development paths with the Russian Federation. Thirdly, the countries in the region have a long history of economic ties and relations that extend beyond the four freedoms of the European Union. R&D funding ...
The Republic of Belarus and the Kaliningrad region of Russia as a sub-regional security complex
... security system has been relatively stable for quite some time. The steadily, albeit gradually aggravating situation around the Kaliningrad region and the Republic of Belarus has caused a response — coordinated cooperation in the framework of the Union State. The consequence of which was the formation of a sub-regional security complex (SRSC), which includes the Republic of Belarus and Russia’s Kaliningrad region. And a theoretical justification for the formation of this complex is the focus ...
Household management as seen by the federal military personnel during the American Civil War
... specializing in the cultural and social history of the conflict. Despite this fact, the dynamics of economic relationships between the Federal servicemen on the front and their relatives lacks proper attention. This article aims to define the types of the Union troops’ participation in the household economy. For this purpose, their letters and diary entries were analyzed in both formal and content-related aspects to find statements concerning the economic well-being of their families. These statements ...
Certain issues of correlation between the international financial law and the EU law
... эволюции : учеб. пособие. М., 2016.
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The role of the European Central Bank in ensuring the financial stability of the EU
The Declaration of the Heads of State and Government of June 29, 2012 was the birth of the European Banking Union. It demonstrated considerable and, in some ways, unprecedented support by the member states of the European Union to each other. This move was highly questioned by the public. In addition to eloquent statements about the need to break the adverse ...
The Conjunction Functions of the Particle tolko: A Conjunction Particle vs a Conjunction Analogue
... have semantic and constructive subtypes.
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2. Akopyan, K. S., 2008. To the question of union functions of a particle only. Russkii yazyk v Armenii [Russian language in Armenia], 6, pp. 17—28.
3. Akopyan, K. S., 2016. Semantic-pragmatic presuppositions of logic-modal particles (by the example of particle only analysis). In: Russkii yazyk ...
Modern Hanseatic Trends in the Baltic Region
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