The Paradox of Kant’s Transcendental Subject in German Philosophy in the Late Eighteenth Century
The study of the “first wave” of reactions to the Critique of Pure Reason in Germany from the second half of the 1780s until the beginning of the nineteenth century reveals the paradoxical status of the Kantian transcendental subject. While the existence of the transcendental subject, whatever the term means, is not open to question since it arises from the very essence of critical philosophy, the fundamental status of the subject is sometimes questioned in this period. Although the meaning of...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
Over the past 25 years, Russia has faced several economic and geopolitical challenges, including the 2008 global financial crisis, sanctions imposed in 2014, and the COVID-19 pandemic. To remain resilient in the face of these challenges, Russia needs to adopt a flexible development strategy and transition to a new path of development. This transition requires the development of new knowledge-intensive industries, expansion into promising markets, strengthening trade and economic partnerships, and...
On the development of the concept of ‘subject of law
This article analyses approaches to developing the concept of the ‘subject of law’. The author considers different perspectives on identifying similarities and differences between the categories of the ‘subject of law’, ‘subject of a legal relationship’, and ‘personal with legal personality’. It is concluded that the category of ‘subject of law’ should be developed in the context of interdisciplinary studies.
1. Большой юридический словарь / под ред...
Geopolitical Security of Russia: Remarks on the Problem Statement
This paper summarizes the results of the seminar “Geopolitical Security of Russia: Remarks on the Problem Statement”, held on August 26, 2022, at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad. During the seminar, the Institute of Geopolitical and Regional Studies of the university announced an initiative to devise a system of monitoring the geopolitical (regional) security of Russia. The debate centred around the development of a conceptual framework and a geopolitical security model...
Kant über Sein und Zeit und Denken und Sein. Selbsterkenntnis durch Selbstaffektion
In the Cartesian tradition of discussing the structure of the micro-judgement “I think” Kant‘s treatment deserves extraordinary attention. Under the idiomatic heading of self-affection he delivers a micro-analysis of this judgment, contributing in a unique way to the clarification of a singular case of self-knowledge: In this case the thinking subject 1. thematises the act of judging “I think” by conferring on this act the specific logical, categorical form, 2. intuits this act under the...
Kantian Philosophy and ‘Linguistic Kantianism’
The expression “linguistic Kantianism” is widely used to refer to ideas about thought and cognition being determined by language — a conception characteristic of 20th century analytic philosophy. In this article, I conduct a comparative analysis of Kant’s philosophy and views falling under the umbrella expression “linguistic Kantianism.” First, I show that “linguistic Kantianism” usually presupposes a relativistic conception that is alien to Kant’s philosophy (although Kant’s...
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
This paper examines how soft power, nation branding and academic cooperation came together in the scholarship policy pursued by the Swedish Institute (SI) from 1995 to 2023. An investigation of the organisation’s materials, scholarship statistics and feedback interviews with SI programme alumni suggests that the implementation of the scholarship policy was erratic during the study period. A comprehensive analysis of the Institute’s efforts was carried out to describe the relationship between...
Artificial Intelligence: a catalyst for entrepreneurship education in the Baltics
The article explores the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in entrepreneurship education within universities. This exploration is set against the backdrop of the rapid and widespread integration of AI technologies across economic and other domains of life. The authors aim to define the concept of ‘entrepreneurial potential’ and elucidate the contribution of AI in augmenting the entrepreneurial potential among university students in the Baltic States. To achieve this goal, the authors...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
This article analyses the differentiation of municipalities at the municipal and urban district levels in the Kaliningrad and Leningrad regions based on their economic development and the response of their economies to the crises of 2020 and 2022. Emphasis is placed on the possibilities of conducting such assessments by merging Rosstat statistics with publicly available accounting and tax reporting data from the Federal Tax Service. The contribution also assesses the role of small businesses in municipal...
Experimental deixis in the space of poetic text
The article deals with the linguopoetics of deixis as one of the key mechanisms for expressing subjectivity in artistic communication. The aim of the study is to discuss the specifics of deictic words and constructions in experimental poetic discourse. The second part of the article analyzes the functions of personal, spatial, and discourse (textual) deixis in the visual layout of a poetic text (spatial design of verse). The material for analysis encompasses Edward Cummings’ experimental verse...
The concept “people” in the modern European political thought: Hobbes, Spinoza, Pufendorf
The author considers the evolution of the concept “people” in the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes, Samuel Pufendorf and Benedict Spinoza. The political thought of Europe in the 17th century demonstrates a conscious turn from the medieval scholastic tradition of thinking about people and power. Politics begins to be thought of as a complex of human actions aimed at achieving certain human goals. This, in turn, leads to the rationalisation of politics and, as a consequence, to the rejection...
The analysis of modus situations in expressions containing the verb to lack
The author explores the semantics of the verb ‘to lack’ and the way the speaker categorizes situations when perceiving and asseessing them. The verb ‘to lack’ expresses implicit negation embedded in the verb meaning, which actualizes some modus situations. The objective of the article is to identify and analyse situations verbalized in the utterances with the verb ‘to lack’. These situations are the results of mental activity of the modal subject, implicitly present in the meaning of...
Reflections on the history of the Kaliningrad region
This article describes differences and contradictions in identifying the subject of Kaliningrad regional history. Some researchers and media interpret the term ‘Kaliningrad regional history’ as the history of the region per se and others as the whole scope of local history. The ‘History of West Russia: The Kaliningrad Region’, a secondary school discipline taught since 2006, presents an interesting case. The subject of the Kaliningrad regional history has no single definition since it is...
The genesis of the subject in syntax as a manifestation of verbal and logical thinking
Theoretical postulates about the types of grammatical sentences are analysed and compared in reference to the history of thinking put forward by Losev and “the theory of three areals” by G. Guillaume, according to which in-phrasal and out-phrasal morphologies are identified. The process of cognitive evolution of thinking is studied diachronically: from mythological thinking to verbal-logical thinking that is entirely manifested in the nominal structure and in the formation of the category of...
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
The article discusses a theoretical framework for investigating regionalisation and geopolitical regionalisation, employing the activity-geospatial approach. The main theoretical foci of this study are system-forming, or region-building, socio-geo-adaptation and geopolitical relations. The article examines various types of transboundary and transnational geopolitical regionalisation as manifestos of geopolitical relations. These types are categorised based on scale, functional area, historical and...
Confiscation Estonian style: legal and political aspects of potential seizure of Russian assets in EU countries
The possible confiscation of Russian assets by Western countries is one of the serious challenges to modern international law and the system of international relations. Since the greater part of the frozen assets is under the jurisdiction of EU countries, special attention should be paid to studying mechanisms for the use of Russian assets within the EU. The purpose of this article is to identify the key characteristics of the EU’s approaches to the use of frozen Russian assets, determine their...
Central images and motifs of Gennady Shpalikov’s late poems (article one)
The material of the late poems by G. Shpalikov, one of the prominent representatives of poetry during the Khrushchev Thaw era, is singled out and examined in terms of the sphere of key images and motifs in the poet’s artistic world, which are encoded by the ontological-tragic situation of the lyrical subject in the enclosed chronotope of society. The central motifs of Shpalikov’s work during this period have been identified: motifs of loneliness, rootlessness, abandonment, vulnerability, farewell...
Education in orthodox comprehensive schools in modern Russia: the issue of choosing methodological principles of research
The development of Orthodox comprehensive education schools in Russia at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, as part of the religious education system, makes them a new and relevant subject for scientific research. The necessity of restoring the full educational function of modern schools and the search for effective educational means in contemporary socio-cultural conditions require a reference to the history and theory of Orthodox education. The accumulated experience in...
Information and propaganda strategies in German non-state media discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic
This study aims to analyse the strategies supporting the German Government’s biopolitical health and life protection practices and how they were promoted in the discourse of non-state media outlets during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is assumed that non-state media used various pandemic communication strategies to achieve common biopolitical goals, striking a balance between propaganda and outreach. A comparative analysis was conducted of German publications that focused on the pandemic and appeared...
The Mobius strip of the pragmasemantics of sense: from culture through subjectivity to nothingness and back
The author endeavors to systematically present sense formation through the lens of the pragmasemantic approach. It enables the demonstration of how the primary factors of sense formation, socio-cultural practices and personal agency interact. Their relationship is non-linear: subjectivity results from the assimilation of socio-cultural experiences and the accompanying narrative communication. Self-consciousness of the Self arises from the socialization of the individual through reflexive self-description...
Reputation core of Russian authorities: the case of the regional level of executive power
The importance of studying the reputation of authorities is connected, on the one hand, with the formation of a consolidated system of political power and, on the other hand, with the highly social orientation of the category of the ‘reputation of authorities’, reflecting the value-based attitude of citizens towards them. The article presents the results of research aimed at the analysis of the reputation of Russian authorities, with a special focus on the regional branch of executive power....
Structure and functions of author’s account of internal monologue in Anton Chekhov’s stories 1880―1903
Direct internal monologue, stream of consciousness, internal replication and internal dialogue are the ways of presenting the character’s inner speech which are actively studied by linguistics. The article considers author’s account of internal monologue (AAIM). AAIM is the object of rare research in linguistics due to loss the features of natural inner speech. They are transformed into the content of the AAIM. Scientific interest to AAIM lies in its writing style, manner of expressing Chekhov’s...
Kant and His Heritage in Belarusian Philosophy of the Soviet and Post-Soviet Periods
The interpretation of Kant’s philosophy by thinkers in pre-Soviet Belarus has been the subject of not a few publications. They described the reception of his seminal ideas, the analysis, polemic and occasionally sharp criticism of these ideas. It is helpful now to look at Kantian studies beginning from the 1920s to the present time. I will show that immediately after the October 1917 revolution and until the 1930s interest in Kant’s teaching was waning. When they turned to his ideas during that...
Subject-specialized competence of a technical school teacher in the field of information security of automated systems
The article deals with the subject competence of a technical school teacher in the field of information security of automated systems. Having analyzed the pedagogical activity of a technical school teacher, the authors substantiated the urgency of the subject competence formation, defined the professional competencies, included in its structure, and characterized its components and factors of their formation, laying a special emphasis on the personal component.
1. Рудинский И. Д., Околот...
Musical ekphrasis and musical code in N. Kononov’s novels
The article studies the representation of acoustic imagery in N. Kononov’s novels. The research focuses on musical ekphrasis and musical code in the context of all the acoustic nominations found in the texts. In the system of sensory codes, under the concept of "musical", the author puts the idea of reflection and introspection. The specific feature of Kononov’s style is its correlation with the visual and the tactile, it expresses the separation of the visible into the hidden and the...
Correlation of the notions of the subject of law and the transcendental subject in the theory of law
The article examines the correlation between two basic concepts of the theory of law and transcendental phenomenology. Each concept has its own meaning and performs its specific function. The article aims is to identify the specifics of each concept in order to understand the existing theoretical distinctions between them.
1. Архипов С. И. Субъект права. Теоретическое исследование. СПб., 2004.
2. Лекторский В. А. Можно ли совместить...
Organization of passenger transport: сivil law regulations
The article examines the main problems of regulating public relations in the organization of automobile passenger transport as well as contractual obligations of parties ensuring the performance of passenger transportation services within the framework of the civil law. The organization of automobile passenger transportation is described in the subject matter of the service contract. The author concludes that there is a need for further specification of the subject of contracts on the organization...
Intellektuelle Anschauung und philosophische Schwärmerei. Kant und die Aufklärung des philosophierenden Subjekts
The article broaches the issue of Kant’s claim of the enlightenment of the philosophizing subject by tracing his criticism of philosophical enthusiasm (“Schwärmerei”). For Kant intellectual intuition (“intellektuelle Anschauung”) serves in case of philosophical enthusiasm as a reason for the justification of philosophical knowledge. This determination is a threat for his project of enlightenment, because it entices the philosophizing subject to contradict the maxim of self-thinking. In...
Time in Sergey Trubetskoy’s and Boris Chicherin’s metaphysical concepts: A discussion on Kant
This article analyses the controversy between Sergey Trubetskoy and Boris Chicherin, which followed the publication of Trubetskoy’s monograph the Foundations of Idealism. This analysis focuses on the philosophers’ understanding of the metaphysical nature of time. The relevance of the work is that the philosophical reflections of the opponents took place against the backdrop of an impending change in science and philosophy — the transition from the classical to neo-classical paradigm. This transition...
Kant’s transcendentalism as a transcendental paradigm of philo¬so¬phiz¬ing
This paper considers Kant’s transcendental philosophy as a special transcendental paradigm (a special type of philosophical research) differing from both the "objective" metaphysics of Antiquity and the "subjective" metaphysics of Modernity (the metaphysics of an object (transcendent metaphysics; meta—physics) — experience (transcendental metaphysics) — the metaphysics of the subject (immanent metaphysics; meta—psychology)). For this purpose, the author introduces suchnew...
Evangelical Lutheran church of Denmark: socio-economic and territorial-organisational aspects
The study exemplifies the use of an institutional-territorial approach for a comprehensive description of a national denominational landscape. The article aims to provide such an account by analysing relevant official data and performing statistical processing using computational tools. The focus is on the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark and its administrative-territorial structures. The study places emphasis on the financial aspect, one seldom discussed in academic discourse. The denominational...
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
Economic sanctions and countersanctions are expanding worldwide, posing spatially heterogeneous threats to most countries. The study aims to develop and test a methodology for assessing regional exposure to sanctions risks using Russian data. The share of foreign trade with the countries that introduced restrictions can be used to evaluate the exposure to new trade barriers. In several cases, this share exceeded 50 %, necessitating a rapid reorientation of product flows in Nenets, Khanty-Mansiysk...
The Role of the Kantian “Power of Judgment” in the “Nonmodern” Study of Conscious Experience
One of the major problems in contemporary philosophy of mind is the dualism of first-person and third-person perspectives — the question of whether conscious experience is public and epistemically accessible or private and qualitative. Recognising the relevance of the arguments of both sides, naturalists and anti-naturalists, I attempt to resolve this dichotomy using Bruno Latour’s methodology on the theories of Immanuel Kant and Moritz Schlick. To do so, I propose not to reduce the theory of...
Digitalization of higher education in the context of the COVID-19 and the post-pandemic period: methodological problems
The article discusses expanding the research base in the field of educational psychology through the analysis of methodological issues that arose during the process of systemic digitization of general and professional education in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic and the post-pandemic period. Digitization during these periods accelerated the transformation of socialization through educational means in a virtual learning environment. The fundamental problem of digital transformation in education...
A part outside the whole? (To Anton Zimmerling's article “Really: syntactics without semiotics?”)
Before delving into the connections between linguistics and semiotics, it is essential to establish a clear demarcation between these fields, which necessitates a precise definition of each subject. However, the approach taken by Anton Zimmerling in this regard is subject to debate. In the discussion of semiotics, the focus tends to lean towards interpretations that recognize the dual understanding of signs, while unilateral conceptions of signs are often overlooked. Linguistics is typically...
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
The Russian food market has been a fascinating subject for researchers investigating food security risks and ways to mitigate them since the embargo was imposed in 2014. The Kaliningrad region, an exclave of Russia, responded more sensitively to the restrictions than any other territory of the country due to the heavy dependence of its food market on imported finished products and raw materials, as well as the transit from Russia via third countries. This study aims to explore how the consumer preferences...
A typology of the Baltic region states according to excellence in science and technology
Global manufacturing systems function in such a way that countries develop industrial specialisation, which leads to territorial disparities. The countries of the Baltic region are no exception despite their strong economic ties and developed industries. A significant element of any manufacturing system is its scientific and technological subsystem, which is described in this article for ten countries (Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Russia)...
Wege und Irrwege der Europäischen Rationalität. Das Problem der Evidenz
The problem of rationality today means the problem of the inner unreasonableness of reasonableness in the sense of its inner limit. Even the humanistic revolution of the Renaissance gradually led to the replacement of the power of omnipotent faith by faith in the omnipotence of power. It is this general orientation towards power and the cult of power, this new belief in power, that revealed itself more and more sharply in the course of European history and eventually led to extreme forms of expression...
Methodology support for the musical training for visually impaired in research papers: a review of Russian pedagogical publications
The review of the subject field of research and publications in the field of music education for the blind and visually impaired presented in the t national database- aims to establish the boundaries of the subject field and identify gaps in this area of educational research through multi-stage electronic search based on keywords, manual search in journals, conference proceedings and dissertations for the period from 2010 to 2022. The research activity in this field tends to become more dynamic,...
Procedural texts in the formation and assessment of functional literacy in the primary school
The article analyses the possibilities of using procedural texts for the formation and assessment of the functional literacy of elementary school students on the basis of an independent assessment of the results of primary education within the framework of the PSHPU Quality Cluster project. This study relies on the method of comparative analysis of Russian and foreign scientific sources, the principle of unity of historical and logical. The methodological foundations of the research are the concepts...
Intellectualization of operational and technological control of regional electric power by cognitive hybrid intelligent systems. Part 4
Because of the diversity and uncertainty of information, the creation of new effective, integrated models of knowledge representations and cognitive modeling of the mechanisms of conceptualization, categorization, transformation, naming and deformation of operational images of situations and states have become particularly acute. Visualization of spatial and temporal relations on resources and actions to express the semantics of the state of a complex system, the introduction of psychologically...
Semio-poiesis: on the birth of the semiosphere from the biosphere
The article discusses a possible development of Yuri Lotman’s concept of semiosphere by supplementing it with the idea of semio-poiesis. Analysis of the processes of origination, evolution and functioning of the genetic code makes it possible to describe the main mechanisms of these processes. The associations of material phenomena (in this case nucleotides and amino acids) led to the establishment of semiotic links, resulting in mechanisms of information storage and transmission, allowing...
Models of endowing artificial intelligence with legal personality
The article discusses some problems related to the legal personality of artificial intelligence. The concept of artificial intelligence and its legally significant features, the ratio of artificial intelligence and robot are investigated. The purpose of the study is to analyze the main models of granting legal personality to artificial intelligence. The following research methods are used: comparative, analytical and historical. Results: The first model denies the possibility of granting artificial...
Watershed or Cul-de-Sac? Disputes in the Theological Reception of Kant’s Philosophy
Kant’s turn to the subject has changed the epistemological conditions for theology. Four intellectual backgrounds of objections are examined: an Aristotelian and Thomistic teleological order of nature (1); Augustinianism based on original sin in which human agency is completely attributed to God’s grace (2); a Hegelian critique of the deontological conception of an “unconditional ought” which also puts Kant’s postulate of the existence of God into question (3); the combination in Radical...
Intellectualization of operational and technological control of regional electric power by cognitive hybrid intelligent systems. Part 3
Substantial thinking is traditional for a modern person, who is characterized by a description of the world as a set of spatially localized objects-things-resources. The language of operational-technological control was developed on the basis of the tradition of A. V. Kolesnikova — V. F. Ponomarev's semiotic, multilingual representation of operational and technological control of a certain class of complex systems, the basis of which is a verbal-sign, relational language for describing situations...
Schelling’s Criticism of Ontological Argument and Interpretation of Kant’s Doctrine of the Ideal of Reason
To reconstruct a critique of the ontological proof of the existence of God in Schelling’s philosophy I examine his interpretation of the ontological argument by Anselm of Canterbury and Descartes as well as Schelling’s assessment of the critique of the Kantian ontological proof of the existence of God. I propose a reconstruction of Schelling’s account of undoubted being which cannot be deduced from the concept of the totality of all that is possible and therefore must come before any thought...
Intellectualization of operational and technological control of regional electric power by cognitive hybrid intelligent systems. Part 2
Studies of intelligent control in a dynamic environment and the work of an operator have revealed serious differences between the mental image of an operational and technological control object and its display in automated systems used by the operator, which prevents him from working and performing actions in his mind, and contributes to the occurrence of data interpretation errors. The processing of heterogeneous information by logical-symbolic methods has been studied and the results are widely...
Reframing paroemias of the coronavirus discourse
The article explores the specifics of the paremic space of the coronavirus discourse, in which new images of typical situations related to the coronavirus pandemic are formed. The coronavirus narrative affects the use of phraseological units and paroemias, which, despite their stable structure, are subject to various modifications. The aim of this research is to determine the ways paroemias are modified by time-reframing, being one of the main discourse strategies. Modifications of phraseological...
The Problem of the Relationship between Apperception, Self-Consciousness and Consciousness in Kant’s Critical Philosophy
Kant does not provide clear-cut definitions of apperception, consciousness, and self-consciousness and everywhere uses these terms as synonyms, which creates the problem of the relationship between these faculties. The importance of this problem stems from the colossal significance of each of the above-mentioned faculties which are intimately connected with Kant’s formulation of the key tasks of transcendental philosophy. The prime task is to discover the categories of understanding and to prove...