Challenges of the methodological approaches to the measurement and the evaluation of liver size
Liver size varies widely according to age and different body types. Palpation and percussion are standard techniques to measure liver size, but are not accurate enough to detect a small increase. Accurate measurement of the liver by sonography is particularly ...
Assessment of hepatic volume ex vivo by the formulas of the ultrasound volumetry
The article focuses on determination of the liver volume which is an urgent task for clinical medicine. It is directly connected to the need for an objective quantitative assessment of organ size. The complexity of calculating the volume is due to an irregular geometric shape of the organ, which can not be approximated to an ellipse or any other geometric figure. The aim of the study is to ex vivo evaluate the possibilities of measuring the ...
Semi-Medium-Sized cities of North-West Russia as drivers for regional development
... 1975. С. 144—151.
15. Чистобаев А. И., Шарыгин М. Д. Экономическая и социальная география: новый этап. Л., 1990.
16. Groth N. B., Lang T., Johansson M. et al. Restructuring of Medium Sized Cities : lessons from the Baltic Sea Region. Frederiksberg, 2005. (By- og landsplanserien ; № 26).
17. Lang T. Socio-Economic Regeneration. Lessons from medium sized cities in the Baltic Sea Region : a brief presentation of a case-study of the ...
Measurement of liver volume using imaging techniques of various modalities
... volume using percussion and palpation methods has disadvantages associated with the reliability and accuracy of the study, particularly in obese patients. Using formulas based on anthropometric measurements, it is possible to calculate the estimated size of a normal liver. Accurate non-invasive assessment of liver volume of the individual can be performed using imaging techniques. This article describes methods to measure the liver volume using imaging techniques of various modalities (CT, MRI, ultrasound)....
he new formula of the liver volume calculation: the integration into the automatic ultrasound diagnostic work station (AWS) "Assistant"
... method. The purpose of this work was the integration of the formula in the automatic ultrasound diagnostic work station (AWS) "Assistant”. To achieve the goal, a number of the research objectives have been set. The possibility of assessing the size of the liver on the basis of its volume is a means of objectifying the diagnostic process. Integration of a new Martinovich’s formula for the calculation of liver volume in the ARM ultrasound "Assistant" allows you to quickly and accurately ...
The ultrasound volumetry: selecting optimal formula based on linear liver dimensions (ex vivo study)
The authors aim to identify the most optimal formula for calculating the volume of liver based on its linear size ex vivo. The authors measured liver volume in thirty-three corpses by placing the liver in water and calculating the displaced volume of the liquid. Liver was measured in each case. The data were then compared with the ones obtained by using five ...
Estimating the accuracy of standard volume calculations using liver volumetry
... formulas most adequate for a comparison with volumetry results obtained using JT Childs’s easy-touse formula. The study employed the anthropometric data (age, sex, and weight) and the calculations of body height, body surface area (BSA), and liver sizes of 36 healthy volunteers. The volume of the liver was determined using different formulas that take into account either the body surface area or the product of the three dimensions of the liver (the oblique vertical size of the right lobe, the thickness ...
Use of the genetic algorithm for devising a formula for liver volumetry
... comparison of findings with ultrasonography // Abdom. Imaging. 2014. Vol. 39. P. 1153—1161.
7. Borchert D., Schuler A., Muche R. et al. Comparison of Panorama Ultrasonography, Conventional B-Mode Ultrasonography, and Computed Tomography for Measuring Liver Size // Ultrashall. in Med. 2010. Vol. 31. P.31—36.
8. Carr D., Duncan J. G., Railton R. et al. Liver volume determination by ultrasound: a feasibility study // Br. J. Radiol. 1976. Vol. 49. P. 776—778.
9. Childs J. T., Esterman A., Thoirs K. A. Ultrasound ...
The lithodynamic and geomorphological features of a terraced underwater slope of the Sambian peninsula (South-East Baltic)
... according to the morphological features; a detailed electronic lithological map has been drawn. The authors analyse the correlation between bottom currents and meteorological conditions. The sediment trend analysis based on statistical parameters of grain size distribution helped identify the sediment trend from the 10 m isobath northward towards the open sea and that along the shore at a 20 m depth eastward.
1. Bird E. Coastal Geomorphology: An Introduction. Second Edition. Wiley. 2008.
2. Гуделис ...
Spatial differentiation of rural territories in the Kaliningrad region: implications for socio-economic policies
... highlights demographic disparities in the periphery, which witnessed a substantial decline in the overall population. The districts of Gusev and Sovetsk, the latter having no rural population, experienced a less dramatic reduction in the population size. Municipalities in the remote suburban zone showed similar population decrease trends. In contrast, all municipalities in the immediate suburban zone, including Kaliningrad, saw an increase in population.
4
The average contribution of urban population ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... internal political nuances and the peculiarities of relations between countries on the status of both associations, objective indicators of the Visegrad group and BA/BCM countries should also be taken into account, in particular, such as the population size, the volume of national GDP (table 1).
Table 1
Population of the Visegrad countries and the countries
of the Baltic Assembly in millions of people as of 01.01.2020 <15>
Countries
Population, million people
Percentage in the total population ...
Effect of crystallite size of powder on NQR relaxation time
The experimental study of the influence of the effect size of the crystallites in the powders on the form and the width of the 35Cl NQR lines in the potassium chlorate, as well as the spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation is described. It is established that the width of the NQR lines in the direct method ...
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
Economic sanctions and countersanctions are expanding worldwide, posing spatially heterogeneous threats to most countries. The study aims to develop and test a methodology for assessing regional exposure to sanctions risks using Russian data. The share of foreign trade with the countries that introduced restrictions can be used to evaluate the exposure to new trade barriers. In several cases, this share exceeded 50 %, necessitating a rapid reorientation of product flows in Nenets, Khanty-Mansiysk...
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
... encompass nature, demography, and economy, among other factors. The natural environment, including landscapes, climate, and ecological features, can vary significantly between the two regions. Additionally, demographic characteristics such as population size, composition, and migration patterns can differ substantially. Two voivodeships on the shore of the Baltic Sea, the Pomeranian and the West Pomeranian, belong to different NUTS1 regions, the Northern and the North-Western, respectively. The name ...
Comparative analysis of the territorial support frame of settlement in coastal areas: the case of St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad regions
... Statistics Service (FSSS), and Kaliningradstat, the Kaliningrad regional branch of the agency.<1> Particularly, it looks at data on the total population from 2005 to 2022 as of January 2 of the corresponding years, the number of settlements and size of urban population as of 1 January 2022, the length of federal, regional and municipal public roads,<2> the length of public railways<3> and the length of inland waterways.<4> The information was retrieved from the FSSS website....
On M.A. Ivanova’s personal pension provision, granted for F.M. Dostoevsky’s service to the Soviet state
... main information sources are the documents of the pension file stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation, confirming the right of the writer’s niece to a personal pension for the merits of her uncle and containing information about the size of the pension and the payment plan. The studied documents, together with regulatory acts and statistical data of the corresponding period, made it possible to clarify the circumstances of the appointment of M. A. Ivanova’s pension, explain the ...
Investigation of changes in the paramets of thin films structures during ion implantation
... this paper were investigated the change of parameters of structures of thin film during ion implantation. Thickness of thin films before and after ion implantation were investigated by X-ray reflectivity. Also, crystal structure, average crystallite size and lattice constant were investigated by X-ray diffraction. The possibility of using ion implantation technique as method of changing grains size in structures was demonstrated.
1. Тетельбаум Д. И. 50 лет исследований ...
Hall effect thrusters for small-sized spacecrafts
The results of investigation tests and comparative analysis of various low-power Electric Propulsion (EP) designed for their application as a part of electric propulsion systems (EPS) for small-sized spacecrafts are presented. Based on the analysis of main parameters and characteristics, the most prospective scheme of the EP design has been selected.
1. Potapenko M.Yu., Gopanchuk V. V. Characteristic Relationship between Dimensions and Parameters of a hybrid Plasma Thruster // IEPC-2011—042...
The role of small and semi-medium-sized towns in solving the problems of regional development
The article focuses on the problems related to the disparities in the settlement system of the Kaliningrad region, the problems of small and semi-mediumsized towns, and the role of such towns in solving the regional development problems of the Kaliningrad region. The author analyses the Lithuanian experience of revitalizing small towns. The article outlines the ways to apply this experience to the Kaliningrad region.
1. Horev, B. S. 1975. Problemy gorodov. Moskow, pp. 144—151.
2. Hodzhaev,...
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... Northwestern Russia — a territory often subsumed under the Baltic region.
Several levels of regionalisation are distinguished according to the geo-spatial scope of regionalisation. There are two applicable ranking methods: one based on the physical (metric) size of a territory (which identifies macro-, meso-, and micro-regions), and the other based on political features. At the supranational level, macro-regions may be socio-geographical or civilizational, or they may be bound together by a common ...
Evaluating the efficiency of the research sector in Russian regions: a dynamic data envelopment analysis
... V2, W1, W2} = ConstantArray[#, {n, T}] & /@ VARS;
OUT = U1 * Y1 + U2 * Y2 + W1 * Z1T + W2 * Z2T;
INS = V1 *X1 + V2 * X2 + W1 * Z1 + W2 * Z2;
VARS contains a list of symbolic variables for optimisation. The other rows include symbols for matrices of size n × T filled with symbols and data. U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, W2 are filled with symbols u1, u2, v1, v2, w1, w2 respectively.
Y1, Y2, X1, X2, Z1, Z2, Z1T, Z2T are filled with numerical values (data).
When forming OUT and INS matrices, the * operator means ...
Expansionism in Poland’s strategic culture: historical retrospective and variations
... limits itself to describing the historical and ideational context of the expansionist types of Poland’s strategic culture and does not cover the period between the two world wars when defensive strategies seemed to prevail in the country. Poland’s size precludes it from embracing the ideal types of strategic culture, which stem from the actual capacity to destroy a potential enemy and, in doing so, lift any external limitations on politics. The two other types, firstly, may not be seen as equally ...
Migration distances in Russia: a demographic profile of migrants
... increase in the proportion of estate owners causes the significance of long-distance migration to diminish, as estate owners seem to be particularly attached to their places of residence.
The concrete values of migration distance are affected by the size of the country, its geographical diversity, population density, settlements system (particularly, the distance between its main cores) and stage of urbanisation. In the Czech Republic, almost 50 % of migrations are within the range of 20 km; 70 % ...
A typology of the Baltic region states according to excellence in science and technology
... methods, and systems, as well as the management of research projects. To provide context for the importance of scientific personnel in the context of a country’s scientific and technical progress, it is also necessary to consider the “population size” indicator, which represents the number of people who permanently reside in a given country.<2>
R&D funding, as well as employment of the personnel, engages several sectors, which are to be analyzed:
— Government sector — R&D (GOV), which ...
Internet diffusion and interregional digital divide in Russia: trends, factors, and the influence of the pandemic
... Moran’s index I, OLS
Pick, Sarkar, Parrish, 2021 [37]
Business climate (+), high level of education (+/–), human development index (+),
Double step OLS (2 SLS)
Source: Compiled by the authors on the basis of the studies cited.
Household income, the size of a city, and population density influence Internet availability, thus determining the potential market for Internet providers [35]. The ability to use the Internet depends on income, the level of education and the age of potential users [36]. But ...
Determination of the optimal approach to measuring the spleen sizes by sonography
There is a large number of ways to measure the size of the spleen by ultrasonography. Methodically correct examination is the key to the accurate determination of splenomegaly. The article describes well-known methods for determining its size and volume, which are used in sonography, computed tomography ...
On the possibility of improving the physical parameters of the receiving and transmitting antenna system
The paper considers ways to improve antenna-feeder devices in order to improve their weight and size characteristics, which is most important in order to ensure communication with remote mobile objects. Giving a certain configuration to the antenna vibrators while using several coplanar lines and ensuring the joint operation of several antenna ...
Scalable zk-SNARK
... the ZK-SNARK zero-knowledge proof scheme, the possibility and prospects for its improvement. Implementations of zk-SNARK that are currently known have scalability limitations that depend on the magnitude of the computation being proved. First, the size of the proving key depends at least linearly on the upper bound of the structure in which we work. Second, the proof requires a record of all previous steps. The article describes an algorithm for achieving a new implementation of zk-SNARK using ...
Diagnostic criteria for splenomegaly (review)
... The article offers a good review of a varity of papers and methodologies on this topic in the RSCI and PubMed databases. There are different methods for determining splenomegaly in children and adults. Most researchers note relationship between the size and volume of the spleen with the height of patients and the lack of connection with the patient’s weight and body mass index. Historically, there is a transition from strict criteria for splenomegaly (a certain value of the length, volume of ...
Study of the main features of sedimentation in the Labrador Sea during the Late Quaternary
The authors analyzed the marine sediment core AMK-4474 recovered from the Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Channel levee. Micropaleontological and grain size analyses were applied to study the main features of sedimentation process in this region during the Late Quaternary. It was shown that Late Quaternary sediments of the channel levees were accumulated during the powerful turbidity current with fluctuations ...
Country Competitiveness: an Empirical Study
... empirically, in order to explore the factors that make countries competitive. This can allow governments to structure their business environment differently, and to elaborate strategies aimed at improving their countries’ overall competitiveness. Economic size and trading conditions have proven important for economic success throughout history. Individual competitiveness and business competitiveness are commonly talked about. The author analyses the overall economic competitiveness of countries. The author ...
The environmental aspects of the great cormorant’s (Phalacrocorax carbo L.) nest location on the coast of the Curonian Lagoon of the Baltic Sea
This article explores the features of the cormorant’s nest locations on alder at two breeding colonies on the coast of the Curonian Lagoon. Based on an analysis of over 10,000 nests, three types of nest locations were identified:forks of tree trunks and large branches, medium-sized crown branches, and tops of broken trunks. It is shown that, in older and more numerous colonies, nests are located much lower, whereas the variability in nest distribution reaches it maximum. In the newly formed small...
Distribution of NQR relaxation times in the rotating frame of reference in micro-sized crystallites
This article presents the results of an experimental study into the effect of powder crystallite size on spin-lattice relaxation times in a rotating frame for 35Cl NQR in potassium chlorate, as well as the nutation interferograms. To obtain the distribution of relaxation times, a multi-exponential decay inversion of the longitudinal component of ...
The population structure and the growth of the bivalve mollusc Ruditapes philippinarum in Amur bay (the Sea of Japan)
... littleneck clam is 7 years. The maximum shell length is 5.2 mm. The sex ratio is almost 1 to 1. There are registered cases of hermaphroditism and parasitic castration. The rate of linear growth has increased to three years. The molluscs reach the harvestable size in three years.
1.
Волова Г.
Н.,
Жакина Т.
И., Микулич Л.
В.
Бентос бухты Алексеева (залив Петра Великого) // Прибрежный планктон и бентос северной ...
Crossborder and trans-border cooperation of medium-sized cities of Kaliningrad region in Baltic Sea Region
The forms of crossborder and transborder cooperation of mediumsized cities of Kaliningrad region in Baltic Sea Region are described. The
description of wto European Union’s instruments for international cooperation in Baltic Sea Region is presented. The short analysis of participation of medium-sized cities of Kaliningrad region in projects of programmes for transborder and crossborder cooperation such as Interreg III B (Baltic Sea Region Neighbourhood Programme) and Interreg III A (Lithuania-Poland-Kaliningrad...
The Baltics and Russian North-West: the Core and the Periphery in the 2000s
... population group. This method is used quite rarely, yet it is more accurate in studying the shifts in distribution of this group of population than current statistics. The article uses the data of the last two censuses (2000 and 2010), namely, the population size and the age and gender composition. In order to demonstrate the core-periphery relationship, the authors identified the core ATUs (national and regional capitals and capital areas), whereas the other units were grouped by their remoteness from the ...
The basic patterns of the distribution, migration and accumulation of radionuclides in the bottom sediment of the Baltic Sea
This paper focuses on the impact of certain factors on the contemporary distribution of natural (226Ra, 232Th, 40К) and anthropogenic (137Cs, 60Co) radionuclides in the sediments of the Baltic Sea. The results of the study suggest that the distribution of 137Cs is determined by the content of hydromica of silty-clay and clay grain-size fractions, while radiocaesium is mainly accumulated by silty fractions. The accumulation of 226Ra by bottom sediments is mainly determined by the pH geochemical barrier...
International cross-border migration in the South-East Baltic: factors, structure, consequences
... Population and social statistics // Database of Indicators.Statistics Lithuania. [online] Available at: <http://db1.stat.gov.lt/ statbank/SelectTable/omrade0.asp?SubjectCode=S3&PLanguage=1&ShowNews=OFF> (Accessed 13 Oktober 2010).
15. Population. Size and Structure by Territorial division. As of December 31,2008 // Central Statistical Office. Warszawa, 2009; Population. Size and Structure by Territorial division. As of December 31, 2009 // Central Statistical Office. Warszawa, 2010. [online] ...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
....8
Estonia
6.3
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.2
6.3
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.9
Source: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014—2023), 07.07.2023. 2023, Brussels, NATO, p. 12.
In 2014—2023, the Lithuanian armed forces experienced significant growth, more than doubling in size (by 107 %). This expansion was particularly notable in the number of land forces, the primary branch of the armed forces, which saw the establishment of a new brigade named ‘Žemaitija’ (also known as ‘Griffin’), in addition to the already ...
A new role of cooperation under economic sanctions as seen by residents of the Kaliningrad region
The current economic crisis conditions call for a search for new mechanisms to maintain the population’s well-being. Within this setting, cooperation may be considered a priority form of entrepreneurial activity, enabling the consolidation of financial resources and reducing business costs. This article aims to assess the potential of consumer cooperation in the Kaliningrad region under anti-Russian sanctions. The authors analyse the features of cooperation development within the territory and...
Confiscation Estonian style: legal and political aspects of potential seizure of Russian assets in EU countries
... the end of 2021, more than a quarter of all its assets in foreign currency and gold were held in three EU countries: Germany, France and Austria. Thus, approximately half of all the frozen sovereign assets are located in these three states, and the size of Russian assets held in other countries of the Union is insignificant. Therefore, the legal decision on the possible confiscation of Russian assets will be made by these countries rather than EU institutions. The European Commission’s involvement ...
Current status of the Eastern Baltic cod population Gadus morhua callarias Linnaeus, 1758
... and the negative consequences of hypoxia for the feeding of Eastern Baltic cod are noted. Among the changes in the population, a decrease in the number of eggs in spawning areas during the peak spawning period, a reduction in the average individual sizes and weights of specimens, and a shift in the spawning peak to later dates are highlighted. The conclusion is drawn about the unsatisfactory state of the population and the impossibility of its recovery in the medium term, regardless of commercial ...
Comparative evaluation of the biological effect of native and synthesized peptides
... cost and complexity of isolating native peptides for use in pharmaceuticals, synthetically produced peptides are increasingly being used in dietary supplements. The aim of the research is to confirm the similarity and biological activity of synthesized peptides compared to native peptides. Synthesized and native peptides from bovine colostrum with the code names T1.1 and mpT2 were used as the objects of the study. The peptides were synthesized using the solid-phase method. Peptide T1.1 is ...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the dramatic changes in the geopolitical and geoeconomic situation in 2022.
The analyzed municipalities exhibit internal heterogeneity, particularly those encompassing both urban and rural areas or varying settlement sizes. It is essential to acknowledge that economic statistics are specifically reported for municipalities, primarily focusing on municipal areas/districts and urban districts. However, in the Kaliningrad region, there has been no settlement-level ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... complete closure of Soviet-era industries. They were replaced by the involvement of the surviving economic actors in international speculative trade in the interest of major global players. Nevertheless, local businesses, including small and medium-sized enterprises, accumulated unique experiences and competencies in dealing with counterparties in the global market.
Border position and border regimes as tools to adopt to a changing geopolitical environment and their role in economic restructuring ...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... performed R&D projects and expenditure on R&D by performers and consumers (total and per project). The considered period is 2019—2021. The share of the Northwest regions in the total performed and commissioned R&D in Russia allows us to assess the size of their scientific systems. This and other indicators in absolute values provide the basis for a comparative assessment of the role of considered regions in the national and district’s scientific space.
Accounting for particular fields of knowledge ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... systems boasting a firing range of 650 km, the entirety of the Kaliningrad region falls within striking distance from this location.
An additional factor contributing to the heightened military-political tension in the Baltic region is the doubling in size of the Polish armed forces, aiming to become the most powerful army in Europe. This expansion involves substantial acquisitions of modern weaponry and military equipment.
The escalation of the geopolitical and military-political situation in the ...
Economic development of Russia’s north-western regions and migration to the St. Petersburg agglomeration
... elasticity change and refine the calculations by formula (2).
Data and analysis
The study was based on regional data published by the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) on gross regional product (GRP) dynamics, employment, investments, population size, structure of the economy, and other indices in 1998— 2021. Other inputs were data from Rosstat territorial units and Statistics Finland.
The technique for computing the indices under analysis (GRP and the number of employed individuals) has undergone ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
The primary objective of the article is to evaluate the significance of status and allied reputation within Denmark’s strategic culture. Amongst Danish international relations scholars, there is a well-established notion that one of the key motivations for the use of military force in Danish foreign policy was the aspiration to cultivate special relations with the United States and achieve the status of a privileged ally. This status would confirm guarantees for Denmark’s national security, provide...