Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... involved in knowledge generation and innovation. Finally, the study examines the geography and structure of the international research network that the regions of Northwest Russia had formed by 2022. It shows that the geopolitical transformation requires a significant part of cooperation ties with unfriendly countries to be restructured.
Introduction and Problem Statement
Innovations serve as a catalyst for the reorientation of industrial and technological structures [1], [2], playing a pivotal role ...
Models for countering the segregation of ethnoreligious immigrant areas in Denmark and Sweden
... societies’.
Introduction
The Scandinavian ‘welfare states’<1> of Denmark and Sweden have the common problem of the segregation of immigrant areas. Despite this, the immigration and integration policies of the two countries have differed significantly over the past two decades. While Denmark’s immigration policy is the toughest among European countries, Sweden is the most liberal in this regard. This situation can be illustrated by the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) of 2020....
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
Despite the sweeping economic sanctions imposed by Western countries, Russia has managed to avoid a significant recession, experiencing recovery growth. The situation in the regions earlier involved in cooperation with Europe was more complicated. Yet, these territories have also succeeded in reviving their economies and returning to growth. A number ...
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
... systematised using content analysis of social media, advertising and joint purchase services, travel agency websites, regional news portals and blogs. The study found that rising prices for commodity groups falling under the import ban were the most significant change in the regional food market. As a result, the share of Kaliningrad and Belarusian manufacturers in the regional market basket of consumer goods rose dramatically, as the volume and range of products increased and new manufacturers entered ...
Cross-border tourist mobility as seen by residents of the Karelian borderlands: COVID-19 restrictions
This article offers a new approach to evaluating the significance of cross-border tourism for residents of the border region of Karelia amid COVID-19 restrictions. The work draws on data of a municipal-level survey of the region’s population (575 people), conducted by the author in collaboration with ...
A typology of the Baltic region states according to excellence in science and technology
... funding for research and development (R&D) remains comparatively high when compared to traditional market economies, it decreased from 60.9 % in 2010 to 38.8 % in 2019. As for the indicator of R&D funding from abroad (foreign sector — R&D), it is significant for the Baltic countries and Finland. In Russia, this indicator is low and tends to decrease even more: from 3.5 % in 2010 to 2.5 % in 2019. The Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) are characterized by the absence of a stable ...
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
... power, may not only rapidly lose population but also face a reduction in the level of socioeconomic development.
Introduction
In the second and the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century, the population structure in Europe underwent significant changes. Many countries experienced a combination of positive net migration and natural population decline. The positive net migration was influenced by both legal and illegal migration from Asian and African countries, while the natural decline ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
The primary objective of the article is to evaluate the significance of status and allied reputation within Denmark’s strategic culture. Amongst Danish international relations scholars, there is a well-established notion that one of the key motivations for the use of military force in Danish foreign policy ...
France’s strategy in the Baltic region: military and political aspects
... ambiguous perception of Macron’s initiatives at the European level [7], [8]. Similarly, as Escach observes, in the French academic community there is a certain stereotype about the Baltic as a ‘wasteland’ of European integration where there are no significant events for the entire Union as if any profound study is simply unnecessary [26]. Hence, here is still space for discussion on France’s strategic line conducted by the current leadership in the Baltic including its reactions to major events ...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
Since the mid-2010s, Germany has significantly adjusted its approaches to the use of the Bundeswehr, pivoting its strategic focus from regions distant from the Euro-Atlantic community to those within or near it. This has underscored the pressing need to address issues related to securing ...
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
... foundations and their activities in Russia’s North-Western Federal District. For example, Norwegian programmes were found to be closely intertwined with the soft power strategies of the country, and the organizations hosting these programmes experienced a significant surge in allegations of political and ideological influence.<1> However, it’s worth noting that Norway’s efforts to promote its national brand through education and academic mobility are comparatively less robust when compared to ...
Internet diffusion and interregional digital divide in Russia: trends, factors, and the influence of the pandemic
The demand for digital technologies has been growing due to a shift in the technological and economic paradigm. The need for online services has increased since the beginning of the COVID pandemic. There are significant disparities between Russian regions in the digital technology accessibility and the development of computer skills. In 2020, the Internet diffused rapidly in most regions, although previously, there had been a slowdown. As markets got saturated ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... European countries of the former USSR into the Western orbit. After the start of the Russian military operation in Ukraine, Bildt became a vociferous supporter of Sweden’s and Finland’s accession to NATO, arguing that in their new status, they could significantly change the European security architecture and strengthen NATO’s European pillar [8—10]. In Finland, among the most prominent proponents of joining the North Atlantic Alliance from the very beginning of the Ukraine crisis in 2014, were ...
Reputation core of Russian authorities: the case of the regional level of executive power
... empirical phenomena that were previously overlooked [20, p. 40]. According to Barbashin, neo-institutional analysis should reveal ‘hidden institutions’ and their positive potential for communities [21, p. 100]. Moreover, informal institutions play a significant role as “their presence in some societies and absence in others ultimately determine whether cooperation and coordination, as well as the growth of well-being, will be achieved... Formal institutions matter, but informal institutions rule” ...
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... these domains of knowledge. They became interdisciplinary, evolving to refer to a special type of social territorial processes and their results. At the same time, discipline-specific definitions and derivative terminology developed, often diverging significantly from previously established terms. Yet we believe that human geography has sufficient methodological and theoretical capacities to develop a single framework for analysing the process of regionalisation of society and its result — regions....
Confiscation Estonian style: legal and political aspects of potential seizure of Russian assets in EU countries
... Act<3> were approved in Canada. According to these amendments, the Prime Minister was granted the right to confiscate property located in Canada and owned by a foreign state in case of a serious violation of international peace and security or of significant and systematic human rights violations in a foreign state [1].
The information disclosed by the Estonian government does not yet clarify how the property confiscation mechanism will work in Estonia and whether it concerns sovereign assets ...
Efficiency analysis of seaports in Russia’s Baltic basin: performance evaluation
... of Russia’s Baltic seaports, taking into account various economic indicators and addressing investment planning and management issues. Special attention is given to the sustainable development goals and objectives of the seaports, considering their significance in transport and logistics systems. The primary objective of this work is to develop a system approach for conducting multi-criteria studies on seaport performance efficiency. The findings obtained through the proposed methodology consider ...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... albeit with diverse income trends across municipalities.
The study highlights municipalities’ specialization as a factor influencing changes in local companies’ revenue, particularly in 2022. The research illustrates that small businesses have a significantly smaller impact on the official income of the population compared to their role in employment. Furthermore, there are no discernible patterns in how municipalities differentiate based on the contribution of small businesses, as this can vary ...
The geopolitical effect of the maritime factor on the spatial development of post-Soviet Russia: the Baltic case
... geopolitical approaches are coming to the fore in research. Characterised by a focus on the dualism and even contrariety between land and sea [17], close attention to the maritime strength of the state [18] and the recognition of the geostrategic significance of sea coasts [19], [20]. Geopolitics is an interdisciplinary research area that, despite being fuzzy in terms of scope, is directed clearly at spatial analysis. A solid definition of geopolitics interprets it as a science of rivalry of powers ...
International heritage in the memorial landscape of the Kaliningrad region
This article aims to analyse the structure of sites in the Kaliningrad region commemorating events, phenomena or figures of international history, as well as to reveal their symbolic significance. The study uses empirical data on the origin, time of construction and purpose of the monuments, memorials and other places of commemoration. Theoretically, it draws on the concepts of cultural memory and sites of memory. The idiographic ...
Geopolitical Security of Russia: Remarks on the Problem Statement
... comprehensive and systematic approach to analyzing the various aspects and factors of geopolitical security that need to be taken into consideration:
1) within the framework of the danger — security dichotomous assessment scale (as a combination of significant challenges and threats and, at the same time, opportunities, interests, and priorities);
2) as a set (system) of chronological (consecutive) and spatial (varying from place to place, i. e. unique to specific regions) situations;
3) as a conjugation ...
Spatial differentiation of rural territories in the Kaliningrad region: implications for socio-economic policies
... have looked at the problems of spatial differentiation, with a special focus on rural peripherisation. This article draws on a range of ideas put forward in those works.
Globally, the development of the rural economy and rural settlement patterns is significantly influenced by core-periphery dynamics and territorial polarisation, a relationship first brought to scholarly attention by François Perroux [26].
The influential concept of polarised biosphere was formulated by the Soviet, and later Russian,...
Information and propaganda strategies in German non-state media discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic
... demonstrates a deep politicization of the pandemic discourse, revealing the decisive role of politicians in shaping the agenda of traditional media [4], [6]. It can be assumed that media outlets, by broadcasting the authorities’ point of view, play a significant role in influencing and managing the public’s response during emergencies [7]. Thus, certain attitudes broadcast through the media encourage society to follow the line chosen by authorities [8]. In this regard, a question arises as to whether ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... description of the V4 and the BA/BCM. Thirdly, we examine the capacity of these associations to pursue an independent foreign and domestic policy. This study uses a comparison method to analyse the activities of the two organisations and identify their significance for the EU.
Introductory remarks
Eastern European states (Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic) and the Baltic states (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) are amongst the closest geographical neighbours of Russia. The history of Russia’s ...
Changes in the structure and geography of tourist flows during the COVID-19 pandemic
... changed dramatically in spring 2020 after international travel restrictions had been imposed. In 2020, the amount of tourism between January and March often exceeded that in the remaining nine months. The structure of inbound tourist flows did not change significantly the next year: either in the first six months, when severe travel restrictions were in place in the study countries, or later, when tourism started to recover following the introduction of Green Passes that allowed vaccinated and recovered ...
The sea factor in the federal regulation of Russia’s spatial development: post-Soviet experience and current priorities
... factor on the spatial development of post-Soviet Russia. The steadily growing impact of maritime activities on the spatial-economic and settlement dynamics has been given a new impetus by the rising geostrategic, resource and transport-logistic significance of the World Ocean, as well as its water and water-land substructures, amid increasing military-strategic confrontation and geoeconomic regionalisation. The article presents a retrospective analysis of the role of the sea factor in Russia’s ...
The evolution of the military-strategic importance of the Kaliningrad region in the context of relations between Russia and NATO
The Kaliningrad region, as an exclave of the Russian Federation, which does not have common borders with the main part of the country, is significantly dependent in its development on the external situation, including the military-political environment. The latter determines the ratio of the military and civilian components of regional development, as well as the military-strategic significance ...
Cross-border digitalization of the western border of Russia: potential and prospects
Border regions are significant geostrategic territories, which long-term sustainable development is one of the priorities of Russia’s national security. The specificity of their economic-geographical position necessitates the development and implementation by the authorities ...
Models of endowing artificial intelligence with legal personality
The article discusses some problems related to the legal personality of artificial intelligence. The concept of artificial intelligence and its legally significant features, the ratio of artificial intelligence and robot are investigated. The purpose of the study is to analyze the main models of granting legal personality to artificial intelligence. The following research methods are used: comparative,...
Model Structure and Content of a Comprehensive Maritime Plan: the Case of Kaliningrad
... contents of the maritime plan and the methodological framework for suggested measures are based on relevant regulations, publications, and maps. The main result of the study is the identification of functional offshore areas of federal, regional, and local significance. The research significance of this study is associated with the further development of strategic planning, namely, marine planning. Its practical significance is in devising the legal and methodological framework for marine spatial planning....
The Coastal Regions of Europe: Economic Development at the Turn of the 20th Century
... century. Europe is a region where the “coastal component” of socioeconomic development plays a major role and is therefore one of the most interesting objects for research in this field. Russian geographical proximity to the European countries, a significant number of shared problems, and a considerable potential for cooperation in solving them and developing the world ocean’s resources create grounds for an integrated study of European coastal regions. The author analyses Russian findings in ...
Human Resources of Post-war Lithuania and Their Role in the Rebuilding of Klaipeda
This article focuses on the issues of post-WWII economic restoration effort in the Soviet Lithuania. German occupation of the republic caused significant damage to its industry and agriculture. Pre-war Lithuania was an agrarian state aspiring to embark on an industrial-agrarian path of development. After the war, this aspiration did not only persist, but was intensified. To reach this objective,...
The position of international community on the restoration of independence of the Baltic States
... and objectivity principles serve as the methodological framework for the research. The regional approach was applied in order to integrate the features of regional development into the overall picture of world politics. The scientific and practical significance of the article lies in a scientific evaluation of the Soviet-Baltic relations in 1989—1991. This study can help understand the mechanisms of formulation of foreign policy by the USA, Germany, and the USSR, as well as the practice of political ...
University performance and regional development: the case of Russia’s North-West
... in the regions of Russia’s Northwestern Federal District. The universities of the Arkhangelsk region and St Petersburg demonstrated the highest performance levels, whilst those of the Leningrad region were the lowest. Correlation analysis showed a significant connection between universities’ performance levels and the key socio-economic indicators of regional development. Universities’ performance levels vary significantly across Russia’s Northwestern regions. The findings may interest researchers ...
The Boundaries of Ecological Ethics: Kant’s Philosophy in Dialog with the “End of Human Exclusiveness” Thesis
... thesis” and the intuitions of the representatives of deep ecology and the opponents of anthropocentrism as such.
Attfield, R., 1983. The Ethics of Environmental Concern. New York: Columbia University Press.
Barker, M., 2018. The Argumentative Significance of Relative Purposiveness. International Philosophical Quarterly, 58(2), pp. 139-155.
Breitenbach, A., 2009. Die Analogie von Vernunft und Natur: Eine Umweltphilosophie nach Kant. Berlin & New York: De Gruyter.
Breitenbach, A., 2014. Biological ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
..., hinting at the potential for maintaining enduring peace in Europe. However, since then, some restraining factors highlighted by the author of the article—especially the energy interdependence between Russia and Europe — have lost much of their significance. Some researchers contend that “European energy security will remain problematic in the absence of a more comprehensive political settlement between Russia and the West” [15, p. 875], although this perspective is not unanimous.
The previously ...
Modern trends in paradiplomacy: a case of Russian-Finnish regional cooperation
... (regions, cities) that is “parallel to, often co-ordinated with, complementary to, and sometimes in conflict with their central governments’ diplomacy” [3 р. 48]
Twin cities Imatra-Svetogorsk
Owing to globalization processes, nowadays cities play a significant role in transnational cooperation. This phenomenon is called “city diplomacy”, that is, “the institutions and processes by which cities engage in relations with actors on an international political stage with the aim of representing ...
Right-wing radical ideologems in the politics of South American states
... "de-ideologization" by D. Bell and S. Lipset. Methods of regional and binary synchronous comparison made it possible to establish indicators of the influence of right-wing radical ideologemes, as well as to record similarities and the most significant differences in individual country cases. An analysis of the structure and state of the party systems of the states of the region made it possible to determine the degree of influence of right-wing radical ideologies on the political processes....
Societal security in the Baltic Sea Region: the Russian perspective
... and Teletskoye lakes.<8>
Despite the fact that some of these indicators look too technocratic and quite unachievable, the 2020 decree still sets the state authorities a strategic development vector that allows them to address and solve the most significant problems related to societal security.
On July 2, 2021, President Putin approved a new NSS that retained the 2020 decree’s approach to the societal security agenda.<9> It is noteworthy that the new strategy, along with the national ...
Statistical analysis of tourism flows between Ukraine and the Baltic Sea Region countries in 2012—2019
... methods of structural shifts analysis, time series analysis, and graphical visualisation. The findings indicate that Ukrainian outbound tourism was growing steadily over the study period, whilst visa-free travel to the Schengen Area had no statistically significant impact on the number of outbound tourists from Ukraine to the BSR. Outbound tourism flow prevailed over inbound. The number of inbound tourists to Ukraine sharply declined after 2013 because of the socio-political situation in the country....
Evaluating the efficiency of the research sector in Russian regions: a dynamic data envelopment analysis
The nonparametric method of dynamic data envelopment analysis (DDEA) has become increasingly popular for conducting comparative efficiency evaluations. In recent years,
dynamic data envelopment analysis (DDEA), a variant of this method, has gained significant attention. This article applies dynamic analysis to evaluate the efficiency of the research sector in Russian regions. Traditional input variables such as the number of research staff and R&D expenditure are considered, while publication and ...
Comparative analysis of the territorial support frame of settlement in coastal areas: the case of St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad regions
... regions of this kind include the coastal regions of the Baltic Sea: Russia’s semi-exclave of the Kaliningrad region and the St. Petersburg metropolitan area comprising two administrative units, St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region. The role and significance of these territories in the current geopolitical situation, has markedly increased in the current geopolitical situation. Both territories, sharing a similar position in terms of physical, economic and political geography, have a distinctly ...
Migration distances in Russia: a demographic profile of migrants
... most migrants prefer to remain near their families, friends and social contacts, being unwilling to lose the benefits of access to familiar public spaces and the social capital that they have accumulated, probably over a long period [2]. Amongst other significant factors are psychological considerations [3], attachment to the neighbourhood [4], and weaker awareness of distant territories than neighbouring areas [5], [6].
Of some importance, albeit lesser than that of potential economic gains, is the ...
The spread of the COVID-19 infection in Russia’s Baltic macro-region: internal differences
... and retail, manufacturing (large teams working at continuous production facilities), as well as on the proportion of the population over 65 and the number of retail outlets per 1,000 population [19].
The description of the situation in Russia differs significantly from, for example, that in the United States, where excess mortality was associated more with racial composition and political preferences [20]. However, the same strong correlations exist in EU countries and Russian regions: those with ...
Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development
... prospects for the polycentric development of small towns and analyses the ways of reducing disparities in their development in terms of the working and living conditions of their residents.
Introduction
This study is a response to the growing significance for research and practice of the polycentric approach to the spatial development of local territories to the benefit of all residents of a country. The convergence of the socio-economic performance of local territories, a brisk business ...
Peculiarities of obtaining fodder amino acids when culturing Corynebacterium on soybean melasse
Currently, soybeans and soybean derivatives are widely used for food and animal feed. A significant content of carbohydrates in soy molasses makes it possible to use it as a component of a nutrient medium for cultivating microorganisms that produce feed amino acids. The aim of this work was to study the process of biosynthesis of feed amino ...
Allusions in poetic work of Mikhail Matusowsky: philological and cultural-historical aspects
Allusion as a technique of fiction has been studied by various scientific disciplines for the past few decades. This “translator” of cultural, historical and literary information is a significant element that serves to reveal the author’s intention. Allusive inclusions from the works of M. Matusovsky are divided into groups depending on the source of allusions. Biblical, literary and cinematic allusions are studied in detail as the ...