The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... municipalities are very pronounced: a study [29] presents the typology of municipalities distinguishing between nearer and outer suburbs and periphery; another paper [30] shows the differences between the territories in living standards. Therefore, a separate issue for the Kaliningrad region is the development of its southeastern municipalities [31], [32]. In the Leningrad region, the location of industries is more complex (less related to its coastal position), while the issue of single-industry ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
....<8> However, the question arises about the geographical positioning of the Visegrad countries. For Russia, they have always been countries of Eastern Europe. Apparently, this topic and its ideological implications introduced by the V4 deserve a separate study. The former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Hungary stated the significance of the Visegrad Group and its main key objectives of strengthening the V4 ties with the United States and implementing the Eastern Partnership programme [22]. This ...
Socially efficient entry barriers?
... decrease in social welfare. This is particularly true of capital-intensive goods, for instance, large diameter pipes for gas pipelines. Lack of proper competition in such sectors of the market necessitates entry barriers, for they help to achieve a separating equilibrium at the market. Since there are costs associated with creating a separating equilibrium, it is necessary to assess both costs and benefits of the pooling and separating equilibria.
1. Auzan, A., Kryuchkova, P. (eds.), 2002, Administrativnye ...
Another Critical Idealism of Hermann Cohen
... the idealism of ideas as opposed to the idealism of the subject. According to Cohen, thinking is shaped in the course of making judgments. Judgment determines the ratio between two different concepts; therefore, Cohen defines judgment as an act of ‘separation’ and ‘association’. This means that the judgment is an act of generation through the variable directions of separation and association. Thus, the Marburg philosopher defines discursive thinking as a correlation between separation and ...
Economic development of Russia’s north-western regions and migration to the St. Petersburg agglomeration
... for the exclave Kaliningrad Region), and the in-migration from the region’s municipalities merely offsets the out-migration from administrative centres to larger cities. The largest and most attractive city in the NWFD is St. Petersburg, which is a separate federal subject — a status providing more budgetary rights. The registration of PJSC Gazprom in St. Petersburg in 2021 resulted in a 2.5-fold growth in the profit of the city’s economy and augmented its budget revenues. The population of ...
Segmentation of multi-temporal radar images of earth covers
Possibilities of application segmentation algorithms and classification of satellite radar images without deleting a speckle noise for separation of connected areas are considered. The segmentation algorithm Merge Using Moments is optimum for separation of specific composition of forest on multitemporal radar data for some vegetative periods in development of the deciduous, coniferous ...
The legal regulation of agricultural cooperation during the period of the Provisional Government and Soviet Russia
The study examines the transformation of the legal status of agricultural cooperatives in Russia from the period when the Provisional Government came to power to 1929, the period when this type of cooperation was liquidated as a separate entity. The study demonstrates changes in cooperative legislation after the February Revolution of 1917 until the late 1920s — from expanding the democratic foundations of cooperative societies to the complete abolition of agricultural cooperation ...
“The Turn towards Ontology” in Russian Neo-Kantianism in the Late 1910s and Early 1920s (Lev Salagov and Nikolai Boldyrev)
... epistemological problems to ontology, and to identify and bring closer together epistemology and ontology. Russian philosophers ontologise the theory of cognition through the analysis of subjectivity, the complete elimination of psychological motives and the separation of transcendentalism from transcendentism. These principles enable Salagov to ground a three-part structure of cognition (consciousness, being, committing to consciousness) and to assert that the main task of genuine epistemology is exclusively ...
Security in the Baltic region as a Projection of Global Confrontation between Russia and the USA
... Russian threat. Countries that traditionally support confrontation with Russia, Poland and the Baltics, serve as a conduit for Washington strategy in Europe and a cordon sanitaire. This function is implemented through the Intermarium project meant to separate Russia from the EU. The four countries are rather active in this area, striving to attain the status of the US principal partners in the region and Europe in general. To retaliate, Moscow does everything within its power to ‘separate’ Brussels ...
Method of analysis of electromagnetic safety of radio electronic means by external handicaps
... frequency selectivity receptor of handicaps is offered. For a complete rating of electromagnetic safety the integrated criterion including power criterion and criterion of blocking is offered. The power criterion takes into account the contribution of separate radiations of sources of handicaps to total power of handicaps, and also contribution of power of products intermodulation, caused by effect intermodulation in receptor of handicaps. The criterion of blocking takes into account the contribution ...
A triune community: Fichte’s family law against the background of Kant’s practical philosophy (II)
... Russian for the first time, this article investigates the logic and basic statements of Fichte’s theory on family law. The second part of the study considers Fichte's theory of marriage law as compared to Kant’s legal doctrine. Both the union and separation of marriage partners is viewed by Fichte as a phenomenon of the internal life and an element of personal freedom, hence the role of clergy in this field. In Fichte’s theory, special attention is paid to the nature and legal effects of a legitimate ...
The concept of body and the problem of demarcation in new European metaphysics: from Descartes to Kant
The formation of science and its separation from metaphysics are among the key characteristics of the early modern period. This separation faces a particular problem with conceptualization of body, which, while being a physical body, is closely bound up with spirit. Different ways of ...
Models for countering the segregation of ethnoreligious immigrant areas in Denmark and Sweden
... published reports for the Swedish government that contain statistics and recommendations for reducing social risks and offences in segregated areas. According to the official definition, the “vulnerable area” (utsatt område) is “a geographically separated area with a low social and economic status, where the criminals have an impact on the local population”.<40> The main criteria for determining areas with a low degree of social and economic security include:
— parallel social structures;
...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
... Lithuania’s territory (as part of the Russian Empire and later the USSR) became the target of offensive operations by the German army, leading to subsequent occupation. In May 1939, under intense pressure from the Third Reich, the Klaipeda (Memel) region was separated from the official possessions of Kaunas. In contrast, the USSR ensured the return of the Vilna region to Lithuania in the fall of 1939, which had been forcibly incorporated into Poland in 1920. Against this backdrop, the Lithuanian Republic ...
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
... adaptation of consumer markets in the face of shocks [30]. Reducing import dependence will require greater integration of education, science, and the manufacturing sector to develop new products and services as part of a smart specialization strategy [41].
A separate important area is the training and attraction of personnel to the region in conditions of their shortage [42]. It would also be useful to talk about increasing fiscal shock resistance [43]: low and moderate debt burden, accumulation of reserve ...
Evangelical Lutheran church of Denmark: socio-economic and territorial-organisational aspects
... parliament) and cannot participate in government policy decisions. The relationship between the religious organization and the state is mediated by the Ministry for Ecclesiastical Affairs, which has control functions over the activities of the Church and was separated from the Ministry of Culture in 1916.
The Church of Denmark encompasses the entire territory of the country except for Greenland and the Faroe Islands, where there are independent Evangelical-Lutheran religious organizations.
The church administrative ...
The ecological state of the Vistula lagoon using indicators of water quality and eutrophication
... ecological condition of the lagoon was conducted based on the calculation of modern Russian and foreign water pollution indices for the period 2007—2022. The long-term variability of these parameters was analyzed for the lagoon as a whole and separately for four regions characterized by specific conditions. The highest level of water pollution is characteristic of the eastern region and the Primorskaya Bay. The Russian Water Quality Index (SCWPI) and the widely used world index, the Canadian ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... between Russia and Poland, but in 2014 when the barrier function of the region’s external borders became much more pronounced amid Western sanctions against Russia imposed after the incorporation of Crimea. Nor do we view the years 2020—2022 as a separate stage distinct from the period starting in 2016, when Poland terminated the SBT: the ‘temporary’ border closures during the pandemic quickly transformed into formidable barriers due to the subsequent rupture between Russia and the West.
The ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... a report by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was released assessing the country’s possible accession to NATO, which examined all the pros and cons of such accession, and prospective options for different scenarios (including either simultaneous or separate accession to the Alliance with Sweden). The authors of the report, including prominent experts and diplomats from Finland and other European countries such as Mats Bergqvist, René Nyberg, and François Heisbourg, expressed their concern about ...
Geography of the mobile internet in the border and interior regions of Russia
... mobile internet coverage
Source: developed by the authors.
The calculations involved a two-stage process. In the first stage, we identified the overlapping areas of 3G and 4G/LTE mobile coverage from various communication companies. In the diagram, separate areas of 3G coverage from different operators were designated as A1, B1, C1, D1, and for 4G coverage — A2, B2, C2, D2. This initial analysis resulted in the identification of three main logical combinations of layers:
A — zones where mobile ...
Microtoponym of the Smolensk-Belarusian border region (Rudnyansky district)
... through a survey of local residents is analyzed from various perspectives using selected classifications (based on nomination objects, lexical-semantic classes, structural and word-formation types). Names with dialectical foundations are singled out separately. Emphasis is placed on the role of unofficial names for geographical objects in the speech of the region's residents. Common Russian traits and specific characteristics of borderland toponymy are identified.
Koroleva I.A.
microtoponym,...
Men’s revolt: the struggle for gender equality in the Polish lands of the Austrian and Russian Empires at the beginning of the XX century: issues of political communication
... role in the internal conflict of the Union, and his relations with key activists of the Polish women’s movement are analyzed. The political evolution of Maria Dulębianka in the Galician Sejm and her collaboration with Austrian socialists are separately discussed. Meanwhile, the article examines the positions of key activists in the Polish women’s movement regarding cooperation with men and political parties. The stance of certain politicians and public figures, who did not align with ...
Modern trends in paradiplomacy: a case of Russian-Finnish regional cooperation
... aim of representing themselves and their interests to one another” [24, p. 7].
The term ‘twin cities’ originally described the phenomenon of cities located on opposite sides of an internal state border. Later on, it began to characterize cities separated by an external state border [25].
For urban areas to be distinguished as twin cities certain criteria should be met:
— both cities should be located on the state border;
— city dwellers should share a common historical past;
— the cooperation ...
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
... distribution among chosen target groups. The largest one included students from African, Asian and Latin American countries who aimed to pursue their master’s studies at Swedish universities.<30> Only the Republic of South Africa is subject to a separate category: 13 applicants from this country were awarded SI scholarships, a number comparable to that of Russian citizens.<31> In addition, the SI introduced a special quota for applicants from Turkey and the West Balkans (Serbia, Bosnia ...
Information and propaganda strategies in German non-state media discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic
... sorted by the PMI coefficient (pointwise mutual information — coefficient of point mutual information) [23]. The higher the coefficient, the more often these words occur together in the corpus of texts, compared with the frequency of each word observed separately. The combination of these two indicators allows us to define a bigram as a stable speech cliché for this corpus of texts.
The assumption was made that a collection of repetitive speech clichés (bigrams) could enable the identification of ...
Societal security in the Baltic Sea Region: the Russian perspective
... socio-environmental factors and cultural integrity forming the society is threatened.
According to this sub-school, societal challenges are widespread and cross-cutting, are shared to different extents by the entire population of the region across the borders that separate them in the states of the BSR. This situation, therefore, calls for a regional assessment of the specific and diverse needs and aspirations of the population beyond those of its respective government.
The Russian globalist school challenges both ...
Institutional approach to assessing the transition to a circular economy: the case of the Kaliningrad region
The article discusses possible reasons for the failure of Russia’s waste management industry reform and highlights the ownership blurring as a factor that may hinder the transition to a circular economy, which has been proposed as one of the outcomes of the reform. This study aims to address possible obstacles to transitioning to a circular economy in the Kaliningrad region. Methodologically, the study uses instruments of new institutional economics: by comparing discrete institutional alternatives...
Evaluating the efficiency of the research sector in Russian regions: a dynamic data envelopment analysis
... of the efficiency of some object k from a set n. The expression of the objective function differs from the first group of constraints (n each) only in that the index j replaces the index k, where j = 1, 2, ..., n. This means that we have to solve a separate problem form each k, with the restriction imposed that the efficiency of no object from the group can exceed one.<2>
Finally, there is the second group of n × T constraints. The expression for it differs from that for the previous one ...
Migration distances in Russia: a demographic profile of migrants
...
total
30.8
19.7
11.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
Calculated by the authors using unpublished Rosstat data.
2
Migration distribution in Russia by distance, 2011—2020, %
Calculated by the authors using unpublished Rosstat data.
A distance of 200—300 km, which separates Moscow from regional capitals bordering on the Moscow region or Krasnodar from Rostov-on-Don, is travelled by 6.3 % of Russia’s internal migrants.
A distance of 1,000 km is covered by slightly above 20 % of migrants. It is comparable to ...
Geopolitical Security of Russia: Remarks on the Problem Statement
... Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Numerous studies investigate the essence of national security, while geopolitical security has not received proper research attention. There are practically no papers that purposefully consider geopolitical security as a separate phenomenon. The only exception is “Geopolitical Security of Modern Russia” by Morozov [4], however, oddly enough, there is no definition of the concept included in the title in the text of the article. Some papers closely link national and ...
The spread of the COVID-19 infection in Russia’s Baltic macro-region: internal differences
... diffusion associated with day-to-day or event-driven communication at places of residence and work or when commuting within the local labour market area;
— relocation diffusion: the transfer of the virus by plane from one pandemic hotbed to another, separated by hundreds or even thousands of kilometres. This type of diffusion was not included in our institutional analysis of regional legal frameworks for COVID-19 as it can be classified as an external factor.
Since St. Petersburg is a federal city ...
Reputation core of Russian authorities: the case of the regional level of executive power
... developed to evaluate the reputation of politicians and countries worldwide. An instance of this is the reputation rating of countries, conducted by the international consulting company RepTrak, which relies on public opinion surveys and includes a separate set of criteria for assessing the government’s efficacy [33, p. 63]. Floyd Hunter, an American sociologist, was the first to use the reputational method to study the ruling elite. Under this method, experts assess the reputation of individuals ...
The two-party tendency in Poland’s political system: manifestations, causes and prospects
... but their factions in the Sejm increased significantly (see Table 2). Since 2005, the distribution of seats in the Sejm has followed the d’Hondt method, which slightly diminishes the representation of small parties. Moreover, the seats are allocated separately in every electoral district (on average 11 seats in each). To be elected to the Sejm, it is necessary to pass the threshold set in the district. In smaller districts, this mechanism favours big parties [25, s. 77]. Combined with the d’Hondt ...
Urban speech as an object of linguistic research: written and spoken varieties
The article focuses on methodological tendences in urban language research. Authors, meanwhile, substantiate rationality of its spoken and written varieties as separate fields of study. These studies are marked with a high rate of activity and they highlight a new concept of the «regiolect» — a regional variety of the national language. The analysis of the scientific results of linguo-urbanistics reveals ...
The ethno-cultural component of a woman image in the novel by M. A. Sholokhov “And Quiet Flows the Don”
... discursive analysis, lexicographic, ethnographic, component analysis method, etc. The article shows that the ethno-cultural component of a woman’s image structure is based on the dialect picture of the world of the Don Cossacks and is represented within a separate verbal sign or by describing the appearance or behavior of a woman in a particular context. In addition, the ethno-cultural component is reflected in the representation of the linguistic personality of the novel’s female characters, reflecting ...
Extralinguistic factors of city renaming in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
... slovar’
[Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary]. Moscow (in Russ.).
Potto, V. A., 2014.
Kavkazskaya voina v otdel'nykh ocherkakh, epizodakh, legendakh i bio
gra
fiyakh. Tom 1. Ot drevneishikh vremen do Ermolova
[Caucasian war in separate essays, episodes, legends and biographies. Vol. 1. From ancient times to Yermolov]. Moscow (in Russ.).
oikonyms, astionims, Adyghe languages, Kabardino-Circassian language, toponymy, history of the language
Ionov Z.Kh.-M.
66-71
10.5922/2225-5346-2023-1-4
Transformation of the tourist and recreation sphere of the Russian-Belarusian border region within the pandemic consequences
... statistical data of tourist activities in Russia, Belarus and the regions of the Russian-Belarusian border within the specified period. The main criteria for the transformation were selected indicators of the tourist flow in general by country, as well as separately by border regions. The author proposes a typology of border regions in terms of their potential for adaptation to crisis conditions and prospects for increasing this potential through the development of natural and nature-oriented tourism.
...
Development and territorial differences of agriculture in the Kaliningrad region
... production in the region during the crisis years of the 1990s and increased rates of development in more favorable decades of the 21st century, as well as an acute manifestation of the polarization concepts and location of agricultural production within a separate territory compared to the country’s interior regions. The study which relied on the level of agricultural development and specialization of the territory of the region, the degree of use of land and labor resources in crop production, animal ...
Household items of the 13th—15th centuries from the necropolis of Alt-Wehlau
... 16th century. The study of items composition and morphology relied on the typological and comparative-historical methods that allowed to make following conclusions. Razors of type 1 and flints of types 1—4 were most frequently used in burials both separately and in combination with each other. Items were mainly located near pelvic and femoral bones due the tradition to wear them on the belt. During the specified period household items demonstrated tendency to unification on the form, composition ...
Constructive Thinking in the Critical Philosophy of Hermann Cohen
... continuity, movement, production, correlation, intensive magnitude, interrelation of thinking and being. According to Cohen, scientific thinking can only be pure and generated by the origin. The origin is continuous action (movement) of thinking to separate the united and bind the divided content. In this process, thinking and being are correlative. Infinitely small reality contains thinking and being simultaneously as a union and in a divided form. The infinitesimal method is thinking that continuously ...
Comparative geographical characteristics of multi-activity SEZ in Russia and their impact on the regional economy
... economic zones occupy a certain place among the Russian SEZs and have fundamentally differ from other types of economic zones. The peculiarities of their position in the strategically important regions of Russia determines the special mode of operation, separate federal laws, as well as interest for researchers. This article discusses the multi-activity SEZ of the Russian Federation located in the Kaliningrad region, Magadan region, the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sebastopol from an economic-geographical ...
Features of professional teacher training: Singapore experience
... achievements of schoolchildren. The goals of pedagogical education focus on social values and ethical principles, while technologies and methods are aimed at pedagogical reflection and practical preparation of students for various educational situations. A separate aspect of the digitalization of teacher education is highlighted, i. e., the format and purpose of the professional portfolio of the future teacher. The main goal of the article is to expand the evidence base of research in the field of teacher ...
Business letter in the system of regional documents in the middle of the 18th century
The development of the business letter as a separate type of documents is the issue the present article focuses on. The material for the study is collected in the Volgograd Oblast State Archive (Fund 332, Inventory 1). The linguistic and documentary analysis of business letters dating back to the ...
The spatial structure of Baltic Sea ferry services
Ferry service is a transport system of regular routes which links areas separated by water bodies. Sometimes ferries are the only connection of an island and the mainland which is not rare in the Baltic Sea. A typical example of this is the island of Saaremaa. Ferry service is the backbone of cargo and passenger traffic in ...
Two-stem names: history and current state
... defined as the names of Princes by the researchers of the nineteenth century. The author highlights the classification features of these names, as well as their other specific characteristics (semantics, structure, system of derivatives, belonging to separate languages). Linguistic material in question is obtained in the dictionaries of personal names by leading experts, N. A. Petrovsky and A. V. Superanskaya and is introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time. The existence of these ...
Economic activity of the leading religious organizations in Estonia
....5922/2078-8555-2019-1-7.
17. Peri Rotem N. Religion and fertility in Western Europe: trends across cohorts in Britain, France and the Netherlands // European Journal of population. 2016. № 2. P. 231—265.
18. Batalla E. V., Baring R. Church-State Separation and Challenging Issues Concerning Religion // Religions. 2019. № 10 (3). Р. 197—207. doi:
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19. Jarnecki M., Palinczak M. Kwestie i spory religijne na terenie Rusi Zakarpackiej w czechoslowackim ...
Disease control and border lockdown at the EU’s internal borders during Covid-19 pandemic: the case of Finland
... kasvoi jo 168 prosenttia: IL meni Ruotsiin nuuskanhakija-Esan kanssa — näin kävi // Iltalehti. URL:
https://www.iltalehti.fi/kotimaa/a/50055018-d3ac-45a1-a986-0d55d4769fda
(дата обращения 10.10.2020) (in Finnish).
22. Mainio T. Corona separated the twin-city // Kauppalehti. URL:
https://www.kauppalehti.fi/uutiset/korona-erotti-kaksoiskaupungin/8ea6b51c-396a-463c-bf8a-72f4df4874...
(дата обращения 10.10.2020).
23. Pikkarainen A., Taleva K. Sisäministeri Ohisalo vetoaa ...
Work-life balance during the Covid-19 outbreak: the case of Latvia
.... Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic // American Psychologist. 2020. Vol. 75, № 5. P. 631—643.
https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000660
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17. Usher K., Bhullar N., Durkin J. et al. Family violence and COVID‐19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support // ...