The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
... of Kaliningrad and Belarusian manufacturers in the regional market basket of consumer goods rose dramatically, as the volume and range of products increased and new manufacturers entered the market. At the same time, the dependence of purchases of “sanctioned” goods on non-material reasons (quality, personal preferences) determined Kaliningraders’ continued commitment to the “old” strategies despite significant restrictions.
Introduction and Problem Statement
Regional food markets ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... and the Leningrad, and Kaliningrad region — amid the sharply heightened confrontation between Russia and the West, which has affected the Baltic region. The time frame spanning from 2014 to 2023 was chosen for the study. This period encompasses the sanctions imposed by Western countries and their associations, primarily the EU, in response to the return of Crimea and Sevastopol to Russia, and extends up to the present day, when the relations between Russia and the West, as many experts and politicians ...
Priorities for the development of manufacturing industries in the Kaliningrad region
... restructuring of manufacturing industries. The severing of former foreign economic and social ties, the discontinuation of cross-border cooperation due to the actions of unfriendly countries, and the imposition of eleven packages of unlawful anti-Russian sanctions have had a more pronounced impact on the regional economy compared to the country’s inland regions. Logistics between the region and the main part of the country have been significantly complicated. Manufacturing industries have faced disruptions ...
Transformation of global value chains in Russia and the Baltics amid Covid-19: prospects for regionalization and implications for economic policy
... multinational companies is much more resistant to geopolitical and economic shocks than traditional international trade. In particular, the accession of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania to the EU and NATO in 2004 and the introduction of reciprocal EU-Russia sanctions in 2014 did not curb GVC activities between Russia and the Baltics. The article discusses factors in the transformation of the Baltics-Russian GVCs amid COVID-19. The research aims to prove regionalisation as a viable prospect for the transformation ...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
Over the past 25 years, Russia has faced several economic and geopolitical challenges, including the 2008 global financial crisis, sanctions imposed in 2014, and the COVID-19 pandemic. To remain resilient in the face of these challenges, Russia needs to adopt a flexible development strategy and transition to a new path of development. This transition requires the development of new ...
The impact of Russia’s counter-sanctions on Lithuania’s foreign economic activities
This article explores Russian-Lithuanian trade relations under the EU sanctions against Russia and Russian counter-sanctions. The authors identify changes in the structure of foreign economic activities and examine the main trends, features and problems of trade. The authors analyse transformations in bilateral trade — ...
The sea factor in the federal regulation of Russia’s spatial development: post-Soviet experience and current priorities
... military-political events unfolding since February 2022, is characterised by a combination of the inertia of the previous twenty-twenty-five years, on the one hand, and new targets and trends. An example of the former is transport and logistics: despite the sanctions pressure and market turbulence, Russian ports processed the same volume of cargoes in the first seven months of 2022 as over the same period a year ago.<3> As for the latter, it concerns, firstly, the growing geostrategic significance ...
Legal regulation of activities in the Arctic in the context of sanctions
The article explores the sanction factor impact on the legislative framework regulating Russian and European joint economic activities in the Arctic. The fundamental documents on the joint projects with the European Union get analyzed in the context of the sanction factor. ...
Russia and WTO at the current stage
... examines the current economic situation focusing on Russia’s entry to WTO. The authors analyse the positive and negative effects of WTO membership on Russia’s economy at the present stage and consider the economic situation in the condition of Western sanctions and Russian anti-sanctions.
1. РИА Новости. URL: http://ria.ru (дата обращения: 10.08.2015).
2. Присоединение России к ВТО: целесообразность, проблемы, риски. URL: ...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... % in 2020 and by almost 4 % in 2021).
The companies’ revenues, as mentioned above, were more ‘sensitive’ to economic changes. These data are available for 2022 (Table 3, 4). When comparing the two crises, the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic and the ‘sanctions’ crisis of 2022, it becomes evident that the Kaliningrad region experienced a decline in revenue only in 2022, whereas the Leningrad region faced a decline solely in 2020. The common feature is the fact, that throughout the years, the economic ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... between Russia and the Western side, which Finland used to be;
— an inevitable blow to Russia’s foreign economic ties and supply chains of these ties in the region (primarily with Finland), which began after the EU countries joined anti-Russian sanctions in 2022 and cannot but worsen as a result of the new NATO expansion;
— the growth of NATO’s overall power by adding new member countries, especially Sweden (primarily its submarine fleet);
— ever more unfavourable situation for Russia ...
Change in the sub-regional asymmetry of the real and financial sectors of the Kaliningrad region economy in the context of economic sanctions
... asymmetry in the real and financial sectors at the sub-regional level. The authors use their own methodology for assessing this asymmetry in the Kaliningrad region. The article describes changes in the sub-regional asymmetry under the conditions of economic sanctions. The authors noted a decrease in its level in the real economy due to the development of import substitution in Kaliningrad municipalities specializing in agriculture.
1. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries // ELSEVIER. 2015. URL:
http://www....
Efficiency analysis of seaports in Russia’s Baltic basin: performance evaluation
... the port was the launch of a complex of treatment facilities in 2011.
Of particular interest are the characteristics of port activities during the last year. Analysis of statistical data and reports from 2022 reveals that these changes are a result of sanctions and limitations imposed on companies engaged in various activities within the seaport territories. Despite significant investments in infrastructure and the implementation of informational transformations in the Baltic Seaports (totaling 117....
Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development
... has created about 500 high-paying jobs.<13>
Group B includes most of the towns skirting the north-western Kurzeme planning region. The town of Ventspils is the lowest performer in the group (– 1.117), which is due to economic reasons: the sanctions imposed on Russia sharply reduced the turnover of the town’s seaport. Two-thirds (67 %) of small towns in the north-east of Vidzeme also fall into this group. In the Zemgale planning region, most towns (60 %) and their environs belong to group ...
The economy of Russian Baltic regions: development level and dynamics, structure and international trade partners
... possibilities and prospects of the formation of a Baltic macro-region as a cohesive socio-economic whole.
The deterioration of relations between Russia and Western Europe has provoked a surge of publications examining the conflict dynamics of the region. The sanctions policy of Western countries against Russia has caused trade between Russia’s Baltic regions and the other states of the Baltic macro-region to drop; mutual ties have lost their significance, and cooperation has declined. Both Russian and international ...
Typology of the dynamics of nature management systems in the North-West of Russia and the Baltic countries
... include both World Wars, the economic crisis of the 1930s, government programs for economic recovery in the mid-1950s, the economic and political crisis of the early 1990s years and economic support programs that have been in effect since the early 2000s, sanctions and anti-sanctions.
Vinogradova O.L.
regional system of nature management, sustainable development, North-West of Russia, Baltic countres, programms for the development of nature management
66-76
New stages of the excessive budget deficit procedure for the EU member states and the assessment of their effectiveness
... particularly those having new and much tougher requirements. The author describes the degree to which these changes contribute to the elimination of the budget deficit. The conducted research shows that the new procedure was supplemented with additional sanctions. However, their introduction depends on the political will of EU member-states. The sanctions can potentially inflict additional damage on the financial situation in the EU states having budget deficit.
1. Treaty on the Functioning of the ...
Prospects for the development of the Kaliningrad region in the Eurasian Economic Union
... Special Economic Zone in the Kaliningrad region within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU). The author examines the future of the exclave within the EEU. The article contains an assessment of the EEU’s activity in the context of the sanction policy imposed by certain countries.
1. Информационный портал «Калининград. ru». 2016. URL:
http://kgd.ru/news/economy/item/58385-alihanov-osobaya-jekonomicheskaya-zona-budet-prodlena-vregione...
(дата ...
Method of the estimation of parameters of signals at change of range to the purpose
On the basis of a method of the maximal credibility considers questions limiting accuracy parameters of a signal and the sanction on range at approach of the purpose a locator. It is shown, that due to increase of the attitude the signal/noise essentially increases an opportunity of the sanction of the radio impulses reflected from the purpose. The supersanction on range ...
The EU Vs. Russia: Legal Nature and Implementation of the Union’s Restrictive Measures
The author proposes his take on the EU sanctions against Russia. He aims to understand the legal nature of the EU restrictions, the exact procedure of their implementation, revision, and repeal, as well as their judicial review. To this end, he proposes a system of sanction classification,...
The role of transit in the economy of Latvia
... their future development and offers an overview of the main seaports and the Rīga international airport. The author examines the issue of Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization and its impact on the Latvian transit, the prolongation of EU sanctions against Belarus, and the use of Latvian transport infrastructure for handling the non-military cargo traffic to/from Afghanistan. In conclusion, a forecast of possible transit development in Latvia is provided.
1. Zakon LR ot 01.03.1995 (red....
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... the recent post-Soviet periods to end not in 2012, when the Small Border Traffic (SBT) regime was introduced between Russia and Poland, but in 2014 when the barrier function of the region’s external borders became much more pronounced amid Western sanctions against Russia imposed after the incorporation of Crimea. Nor do we view the years 2020—2022 as a separate stage distinct from the period starting in 2016, when Poland terminated the SBT: the ‘temporary’ border closures during the pandemic ...
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
Despite the sweeping economic sanctions imposed by Western countries, Russia has managed to avoid a significant recession, experiencing recovery growth. The situation in the regions earlier involved in cooperation with Europe was more complicated. Yet, these territories have also ...
From the editor
... on the shores of the Baltic Sea.
Despite the many years of cooling in relations between Russia and the West, Russian Baltic regions continued to function as the proverbial window to Europe until the beginning of the special military operation and the sanctions against Russia, which surpassed the earlier imposed ones in scale. Most joint ventures benefiting from the advantageous coastal position and the well-known neighbourhood effect carried on their operations; the construction of new facilities ...
Spatial differentiation of rural territories in the Kaliningrad region: implications for socio-economic policies
... efforts the authorities made to retain youth in rural areas [31] or improve territorial planning documents [17].
The agri-food complex in the Kaliningrad region is highly dependent on international interactions. Therefore, in the face of the illegitimate sanctions policies, Russian regions meet challenges that are much more radical than those described by Tatyana Nefedova [10]. Additional support measures are needed to promote the development of the agricultural sector in the exclave of Kaliningrad. This ...
Digital transformation of Russian prosecution bodies: current status and development prospects
... Petersburg, providing for the qualification improvement and knowledge assessment of prosecutors, is presented. In addition, the article reflects the digital transformation of the prosecution authorities in the context of the 2020—2021 pandemic. and sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries against the backdrop of the current foreign policy situation. The relevance of training specialists in information security and the protection of the digital infrastructure of the Prosecutor’s Office of ...
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
... global processes, and migration [28, s. 45]. This shift highlighted the prevalence of soft power considerations in the scholarship policy.
In 2014, the SI scholarship policy encountered new challenges as a consequence of the imposition of anti-Russian sanctions and a broader negative trajectory in cooperation with Russia. Consequently, in the academic year 2015/16, Ukrainian candidates received the highest number of scholarships. Russian recipients constituted the second-largest group [28, s. 41], ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... humanitarian interventions. Furthermore, some analyses underscore the significance of Minister of Foreign Affairs Uffe Ellemann-Jensen, who played a key role in the decision to deploy HDMS Olfert Fischer to the Persian Gulf for its involvement in enforcing UN sanctions against Iraq [24], along with Prime Minister Rasmussen. There are three key perspectives on the correlation between transformation and continuity within Denmark’s decision to join operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, i. e., whether such decisions ...
France’s strategy in the Baltic region: military and political aspects
... the notable exceptions of Russia and Belarus. The pro-Ukrainian nature of the EPC became obvious almost immediately since the results of the summit were reduced to unsuccessful attempts by the European Union to expand the range of countries imposing sanctions against Russia and to create a special fund for Kyiv’s weapons purchases. Due to this, the previous French ideas of a direct dialogue with Moscow accompanied by numerous reservations even before the start of the operation in Ukraine [32] were ...
Geopolitical Security of Russia: Remarks on the Problem Statement
... against our country, expressed in military actions in Ukraine using western weapons, western instructors and western PMCs, as well as possible NATO’s military expansion to the Union State of Russia and Belarus [27], [28].
2. In the economic space: sanctions against Russia.
3. In the ideological space: ideological subversion of mass consciousness to change the traditional value system and disinformation against Russia.
As I see it, the systemic threat to our geopolitical security is currently based ...
Analysing the dynamics of the Baltic States’s production linkages with Russia
... consumer and intermediate goods in 2003—2020. A comparative study of the Baltic States’ production linkages with Russia and their main partners in the EU — Germany and Finland — is carried out. It is concluded that, before the introduction of sanctions in 2014 and the world trade crisis of 2015—2016, Russia was a more promising market than Germany and Finland for the Baltic States’ companies trading in intermediate goods.
1. Varnavskii, V. 2020, Growth factors and trends of global ...
New opportunities for the Russian Baltic exclave in the context of changes in the country’s geopolitical situation
... the University of Lüneburg Prof. Sascha Spoon, EXPERT, no. 13 (845), 29.03.2013, available at:
http://expert.ru/expert/2013/13/ekonomistam-myi-prepodaem-voprosyi-etiki/
(accessed 01.11.2021) (in Russ.).
23. Drezner, D. W. 2021, The United States of Sanctions. The Use and Abuse of Economic Coercion, Foreign Affairs, vol. 100, № 15, September/October, p. 142—154.
24. Laruelle, M. 2021, Is Russia Fascist? Unraveling Propaganda East and West, Ithaca [N. Y.] & London, Cornell University Press, 256 ...
Structural changes in the economy of the Russian North-West regions: institutional factor
... market development point to the existence of a transition zone between the structural phases of the wave, with the transition mostly taking place in 2014. The trigger for the second phase of the wave, along with new structural changes, was international sanctions and growing confrontation reducing capital outflow and contributing to further structural changes in the regional economy.
Rolling back Russia’s spatial disparities. Re-assembling the Soviet Jigsaw under a Market Economy, 2018, The World ...
Ports of Eastern Baltic and Russian transit policy: competition and cooperation
... the region will increase by 30%, 2020, Morskie vesti Rossii [Marine News of Russia], no 1, available at:
http://www.morvesti.ru/news/1679/83085/
(accessed 20.04.2020) (in Russ.).
4. Antonenko, O. 2019, Latvian oligarch Aivar Lembergs came under US sanction. Port of Ventspils activities threatened, BBC: Russian Service, Riga, 10.12.2019, available at:
https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-50729930
(accessed 20.04.2020) (in Russ.).
5. Kurenkov, P., Safronova, A., Kakhrimanova, D. 2018, Logistics ...
Geographical structure and dynamics of foreign trade relations of the Republic of Crimea with the border countries and economic security issues
... Sea region. The article describes the specifics of exports and imports commodity structure with core partner countries. It is revealed that large-scale changes in the foreign trade of the Republic of Crimea were influenced by external restrictions (sanctions and blockades) and the process of reorientation of Crimean enterprises to domestic commodity markets. Foreign trade is concluded to be the least stable segment of the Crimean economy.
Volkhin D. A.
border region, foreign trade, export,...
On the economic security of Russia’s Kaliningrad exclave
... makes the economic security problems of the Kaliningrad region more complex as compared with other Russian territories. Deteriorating relations between Russia and the West compound the situation. This has been especially so since 2014 when economic sanctions were imposed against Russia, and the country retaliated. Global geopolitical instability adds to the conundrum. This study aims to assess the economic security of the Kaliningrad region. Its objectives include defining the concept of regional ...
Georges Gurvitch and Sergey Hessen on the Possibility of Forming Social Unity
... decades of the last century saw European philosophical thought becoming increasingly interested in the sociological extension of the idea of law. From the viewpoint of the sociology of law, law is formed in the process of social interactions and is not sanctioned by the state. Sergey Hessen and Georges Gurvitch base their conceptions of social law on the sociology of law in the 1920s and 1930s. They start a polemic in the pages of the journal Sovremenniye zapiski (Contemporary Notes). Although they ...
The rhetoric and logic of the representations of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878 in Russian public discourse
... diverse strata of the Russian Empire in 1876—1877, was indicative of an effective mobilisation rhetoric. However, the disappointment, which quickly followed, and the devaluation of the events of those years by public opinion suggest that, although sanctioned by the authorities, the language of mobilisation was not effectively controlled by them. In this article, I analyse the structure of the public language of 1876— 1877, which was shaped by different actors who used it to express their attitudes ...
The Amber Industry: Development Сhallenges and Combating Amber Trafficking in the Baltic Region
... (Russia) and other Baltic region states. The article explores theoretical aspects of the legislative policy on combating illegal amber extraction and trafficking. The authors focus on the relevant law enforcement practices and hold that administrative sanctions for unauthorised amber extraction and trade are not fully effective in Russia. The authors stress the need for introducing criminal liability for a repeated offence and outline opportunities for using forensic gemological examination of amber ...
Russian pre-revolutionary scientific ideas of criminal penalties of material nature
This article focuses on the theoretical ideas of criminal penalties of material nature in pre-revolutionary Russia of the second half of XIX — early XX century. The author provides an analysis of N. Sergeevsky’s treatise on criminal financial sanctions in the XVII century Russia. Special attention is paid to the research works of N. Tagantsev, I. Foynitsky and others. The author analyses the views of the time concerning expropriation and fines, and identifies reasons for the prevailing attitude ...
Legal aspects of the EU policy on irregular immigration
... Part III, Title IV of the Treaty establishing the European Community, 2006, Official Journal L, no. 262, 22.9.2006, p. 34–43.
13. Directive 2009/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 providing for minimum standards on sanctions and measures against employers of illegally staying third-country nationals, 2009, Official Journal L, no. 168, 30.6.2009, p. 24–32.
14. Directive 2008/115/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on common standards ...
Local border traffic as an efficient tool for developing cross-border cooperation
... to learn a new Russian borderlands?], Mezhdunarodnye processy [International processes], T. 2, no. 3, p. 89—96.
15. Kjetrin Jeshton: Sovet ES ne soglasoval sankcii v otnoshenii RF, no oni vozmozhny [Catherine Ashton: The EU Council has agreed on sanctions against Russia, but they are possible], 2015, Informacionnoe agentstvo Rossii [News Agency of Russia], available at: http://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/1018639 (accessed 18.10.2015)
16. Eliseev, A. 2011, Maloe prigranichnoe sotrudnichestvo: ...
The Baltic Sea region and increasing international tension
... European Languages and Cultures Official Web-site, available at: http://en.bfsu.edu.cn/index.php?s=/Home/ article/index/category/UndergraduateProgrammes (accessed 21.01.2016).
24. Liuhto, K. 2015. Motivations of Russian firms to invest abroad: how do sanctions affect Russia’s outward foreign direct investment? Baltiс region, no. 4, p. 19—20. DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2015-4-1.
Khudoley K.
10.5922/2079-8555-2016-1-1
4-16
Baltic Sea Region, Russia, European Union, NATO, regional cooperation
Motivations of Russian firms to invest abroad: how do sanctions affect Russia’s outward foreign direct investment?
... OFDI stock exceeded $ 500 billion. However, a year later, Russia’s OFDI dropped by nearly 15 per cent. Rapid upward and downward swings make it necessary to analyze the motivation of Russian firms to invest abroad as well as to assess the impact of sanctions on Russian OFDI. The author points out that a significant part of Russia’s outward FDI stock is accounted for by the operations of Russian corporations in their home market. It is concluded that although Western sanctions target a relatively ...
Opportunities and Challenges of Large Investment Projects in the New Economy: the Port of Ust-Luga
The aim of this study is to search for a mechanism for implementing large investment projects of crucial economic importance in the modern economic conditions characterized by the sanction policy of foreign states, limited public investment, and a mass exodus of foreign investors. An example of a large-scale investment project is the construction of a multipurpose multimodal complex — the commercial seaport of Ust-Luga. This ...
Russian-Estonian Economic and Investment Cooperation During the Crisis: Dynamics and Possibilities
... 2012, Russia and Estonia, In: K. Tüür, V. Morozov (eds.) Russian Federation 2013: Short-Term Prognosis, p. 123—126.
Nevskaya A.
10.5922/2079-8555-2015-2-4
36-49
Russia, Estonia, economic cooperation, trade balance, foreign direct investments, sanctions, competition among jurisdictions
The Baltics in the Geography of the Largest Transnational Corporations of Europe
... companies), “Northern Europe and Central Asia,” and even “Middle East and Eastern Europe." Varying understanding of where exactly th borders of Europe lie could explain the plurality of attitudes of the European business establishment to the EU sanctions against Russia.
1. Boatsman, J. R., Behn, B. R., Patz, D. H. 1993, A Test of the Use of Geographical Segment Disclosures, Journal of Accounting Research, Vol. 31, no. 1, p. 46—64.
2. Gray, S. J., Radebaugh, L. H. 1984, International Segment ...