Categorical Moral Requirements
This paper defends the doctrine that moral requirements are categorical in nature. My point of departure is John McDowell’s 1978 essay, “Are Moral Requirements Hypothetical Imperatives?”, in which McDowell argues, against Philippa Foot, that moral reasons are not conditional upon agents’ ...
Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development
... towns to make independent decisions on the sources of funding for socio-economic and infrastructural projects. These sources may be the Latvian Municipal Cohesion Fund, EU structural and investment funds, etc. Territorial development disparities may require different methods for evaluating the amount of necessary assistance and ranking recipient towns depending on the level of development. When solving these problems, cumulative indicators of regional and local development are taken into account ...
Frolova Ye. The theoretical and methodological issues of the revival of natural law
... the moral law must be implemented in the outside world. The theory of standards and ethics evaluates moral foundations as an internal absolute value. However, a definition of morals is meaningful only as an individual experience of a person, social requirements become moral only through a self-determined person. Being critical and formal, the moral principle does not eliminate the possibility of a combination with certain temporary goals. The formulas of a categorical imperative are aimed at an ...
The theoretical aspects of adapting the Kaliningrad region’s economy to the WTO requirements
This paper analyses the risks and expected benefits associated with the transformation of the Russian economy in line with the WTO requirements and provides a theoretical framework for the adaptation of the Kaliningrad region’s economy to Russia’s membership in the WTO.
1. Об Особой экономической зоне в Калининградской области ...
The problems of legal regulation of relations pertaining to satisfying state requirements in the light of new legislation
This article analyzes the provisions of the recently adopted federal law on the contract system and identifies its shortcomings. The author stresses that new rules are not capable of solving the problem of legal regulation aimed to satisfy state requirements and will create additional complications in the use of terminology, application of legislation, identification of the scope of different regulations, and the correlation of private and public law regulation.
1. Борисов А. Н., Краев ...
Priorities for the development of manufacturing industries in the Kaliningrad region
... Kaliningrad has been severely impacted by transit restrictions on Lithuanian transit, with local companies having to resort to more costly maritime connections between the ports of Kaliningrad and Leningrad regions. The refusal of access to EU skies has required rerouting flights from Kaliningrad to other regions of the country through the neutral waters of the Baltic Sea.
In the region, sanctions have severely affected the development of all manufacturing companies relying on raw materials and/or semi-finished ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... centres. The functions and regimes of borders, therefore, operate as instruments facilitating the adaptation of both the economy and society to this altered landscape. In response, the state may reinforce the barrier nature of borders by modifying visa requirements and customs regulations, thereby impeding the free movement of citizens, or even going as far as closing the border. Alternatively, state policy may involve the relaxation of border restrictions and the reallocation of border functions as ...
Artificial Intelligence: a catalyst for entrepreneurship education in the Baltics
... gaining attention from universities, which collaborate closely with the business sector, governmental bodies, and regional agencies to provide diverse forms of support to aspiring business students. The final part of the article addresses issues that require more active and innovative participation of academia in activities enhancing the role of student youth in the economic development of their countries and regions.
Introduction
The aim of this article is to elucidate the significance of entrepreneurial ...
Information and propaganda strategies in German non-state media discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic
... the formation of a permanent protest movement against the restrictive measures proposed by the authorities. However, research results show that, despite all contradictions, the authorities managed to build public loyalty [9], [10]. This achievement required complex efforts, which involved various channels of communication, including non-state media.
The relevance of the study is therefore justified by the following provisions:
— the need to solve biopolitical problems during the crisis by building ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... region, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia.<4>
This research is methodologically based on several theories. The post-functionalist version of regionalism stipulates that regional construction in Europe is based on three pillars: firstly, the functional requirements of regionalism, stemming mainly from interdependence in the field of security and the desire for stability; secondly, ensuring regional integration through the efforts of elites aimed at building the regional identity that resonates with ...
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
... Many of the processes that we have witnessed and are witnessing now in the former socialist countries are also taking place in the states that emerged on the former territory of the Soviet Union, including Russia.
The demographic processes in Poland require special attention. The country is the largest post-socialist state in Eastern Europe in terms of area and population, and it has a long common border with the post-Soviet countries of Russia, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine. Moreover, there are ...
Migration distances in Russia: a demographic profile of migrants
... lesser than that of potential economic gains, is the financial component of distance decay [7], [8], which does not grow in proportion to the distance but rises nevertheless. In large-area countries, such as Russia, not only does long-distance migration require much time and finance, but it is associated with substantial travel-related difficulties: the poor quality of roads, the unavailability of direct travel options, and the need to change between modes of transport. The nature and climate of one’s ...
Geopolitical Security of Russia: Remarks on the Problem Statement
...
Geopolitical Security and Geopolitical Space
Andrey P. Klemeshev
. The importance of Russia’s national security issues in the contemporary geopolitical landscape is widely recognized. However, the task of monitoring the country’s geopolitical security requires a strong foundation in theory, methodology, and technical expertise.
We view the geopolitical security of the country as an integral component of national security. This distinction is based on the nature and location of threats that pose risks ...
On countering the illegal provision of massage services by legal means
The article deals with medical and legal issues related to the conceptual background of massage services. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legislative requirements of the Russian Federation for the medical and regular massage services, to establish the criteria for distinguishing these services when it comes to qualification of socially dangerous activity. The methodology of the research rests on the ...
In pursuit of an innovation development trajectory of the Kaliningrad region
... competition, national innovation policies are increasingly seeking to promote the development of regional innovation systems to intensify innovative processes and to enhance the economic competitiveness of territories. An efficient regional innovation policy requires a territorial adaptive approach to the development of mechanisms for innovating socio-spatial systems. These mechanisms should take into account the specific features and inalienable resources of territories. Whereas regional innovation systems ...
The rhetoric and logic of the representations of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878 in Russian public discourse
... entirely new public sphere situation. The military reform of 1784, which replaced recruitment with conscription, translated in the involvement of the general public in the current events. The new public sphere, which had been developing from the 1850s, required new languages both to describe and to transform reality, as well as to produce a collective action. The tremendous public excitement, which spread across the most diverse strata of the Russian Empire in 1876—1877, was indicative of an effective ...
New stages of the excessive budget deficit procedure for the EU member states and the assessment of their effectiveness
... started a reform of its subsidiary legislation in 2011 and introduced significant changes to the excessive budget deficit procedure. The article analyses the stages of the excessive budget deficit procedure, particularly those having new and much tougher requirements. The author describes the degree to which these changes contribute to the elimination of the budget deficit. The conducted research shows that the new procedure was supplemented with additional sanctions. However, their introduction depends ...
The problems of assessing the efficiency of budget investment finacning through the prgoramme-target method
... analysis of the general features of planning the federal and Kaliningrad regional budgets through this method, considers the concepts of investment, budgetary investment, and the procedure of its realization within the regional budget, and describes the requirements for investment projects, as well as the problems of assessing efficient financing of budgetary investments evaluation.
1. Бюджетный кодекс Российской Федерации [Электронный ресурс]. Доступ ...
The psychological and pedagogical training of an officer — a factor or combat training intensification
... training of military personnel. The article considers approaches to training intensification offered in psychological and pedagogical research literature. The components of the professional and pedagogical competence of an officer are described. The requirements for the psychological and pedagogical training of officers are identified as a factor of successful intensification of the combat training of military personnel.
1. Бабанский Ю. К. Интенсификация процесса ...
Integral Requirements for Development of Professional Position in the Field of Sociocultural Service and Tourism
... considers professional training in the field of tourism and hospitality industry. The author focuses on the lack of the theoretical foundations of higher education in the sphere of cultural service and tourism and suggests a new approach of integral requirements for a future specialist.
1.
Квартальнов В.
А.
Туризм: история и современность // Избр. произв.: в 4 т.
Т. 4. Кн. 7: Система подготовки туристских кадров....
Consumer right as a socioeconomic and legal category
This article considers the right of consumers to knowledge regarding their rights and their protection and information about goods (works, services) and their quality, requirements for such information, and responsibility for the violation of these requirements both at the legislative and judicial levels.
1.
О защите
прав потребителей [Электронный ресурс]: закон РФ ...
I. Kant and J. Jungius: on the development of critical tradition in the 17th century German philosophy
... and I. Kant. J. Jungius’s “criticism” is characterised as methodological, whereas that of Kant as reflective. Kant’s “transcendental criticism” is based on transcendental reflection, whereas J. Jungius’s “methodological criticism” requires that critique is grounded in immediate rather than reflective knowledge. Kant is a subjectivist, whereas J. Jungius is an objectivist and realist. For J. Jungius, the basic science is protonoetic philosophy (philosophia protonoetica), whose major ...
Problems and prospects of EU — Russia dialogue on visa-free travel
... in Amsterdam, 25—27 July 2013.
17. Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001 of 15 March 2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement, 2001, Official Journal, L 81, 21.3.2001.
18. Agreement between the European Union and the Federative Republic of Brazil on short-stay visa waiver for holders of ordinary passports, 2012, Official Journal, L 255, 21.09.2012.
19. Regulation ...
Foreign economic activity of Saint Petersburg, the Leningrad Region, and the Republic of Karelia: problems and opportunities for development
... focus our attention on the cluster of regions formed by the city of St. Petersburg, the Leningrad region and the Republic of Karelia. All three areas face a number of challenges when it comes to international trade: challenges that are shared and that require strategic coordinated solutions from regional decisionmakers. One of such solutions, for example, could require pooling of competitive advantages of these areas. The analysis of strategic documents of regional development, however, shows that ...
The facilitation of freedom of movement between Russia and the European Union: prospects and legal issues
... 2008, Official Journal, 9 May, p. 115.
2. Council Regulation (EC) N 539/2001 of 15 March 2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement, 2001, Ibid, 21 May, p. 1—7.
3. Soobwenie press-sluzhby prezidenta RF ot 27.08.2002 g. o poslanijah prezidenta Rossii V. V. Putina predsedatelju Komissii Evropejskih soob-westv i glavam gosudarstvchlenov
Evrosojuza [The press service of ...
University performance and regional development: the case of Russia’s North-West
... regional development. By implementing their ‘third mission’, universities exert influence on the economy, politics and socially responsible industries in their home region. A better understanding of the role of universities in regional development requires a comprehensive evaluation of their performance. This study aims to evaluate the performance of regional universities and examine its impact on regional socio-economic indicators. The paper proposes a methodology for evaluating the performance ...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
... over the development of the confrontation, the ability to exert pressure on the opponent gradually and sensibly, and the flexibility to adapt to emerging circumstances. Additionally, the Bundeswehr itself operates with inertia; German military forces require time to shift their focus from the Near and Middle East and Africa to Eastern Europe and to ramp up their presence. Consequently, Germany noticeably lags behind Lithuania and other regional players in this regard.
This strategy of confrontation ...
A new role of cooperation under economic sanctions as seen by residents of the Kaliningrad region
... of the region pin their hopes on cooperation as a means to replace foreign manufacturers who have left the Russian market. The territorial isolation of the Kaliningrad region and its economic sensitivity to external influences [21] impose additional requirements as regards unlocking new drivers for growth and seeking tools to stimulate the entrepreneurial endeavours of the populace. According to scholars, cooperative economic models exhibit greater resilience during times of uncertainty, as they ...
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
... enterprises, and curtail investments [20].
These restrictions, despite the stated political goals, posed a threat to the social and economic development of certain regions and undermine the standard of living for their residents [5], [6], since it requires time and resources to reorient trade, technological and other flows, not to mention direct restrictions against Russian citizens — infringement of free movement rights, reduction of opportunities to receive medical care abroad, etc. Exposure ...
Confiscation Estonian style: legal and political aspects of potential seizure of Russian assets in EU countries
... due to Russia’s status as a leading global power and a permanent member of the UN Security Council, and secondly, due to the amount of funds that could potentially be seized. These circumstances indicate the significant urgency of the problem, which requires comprehensive analysis from both legal and political perspectives.
According to expert estimates, around 200 billion euros of Russian sovereign assets have been frozen in EU countries, along with approximately 24 billion euros belonging to private ...
The Role of the Kantian “Power of Judgment” in the “Nonmodern” Study of Conscious Experience
... step, I return to the necessary (according to Latour) “practice of purification” of those epistemic zones whose fusion was outlined earlier, which allows me to recognise the intuition behind the dichotomy of the two perspectives as legitimate and requiring conceptualisation. The mediation of Schlick’s positivist theory and Kant’s transcendentalist theory allows us to present first-person and third-person perspectives as two epistemic registers, subordinated to the position of a historically ...
Vulnerability assessment of coastal systems in the Kaliningrad region using the coast vulnerability index (CVI)
... Kaliningrad region and make decisions on implementing a series of measures to protect and preserve the coastal zone. For the study, the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) methodology was selected, which is considered the most versatile compared to others but requires specific parameters for the studied object/territory. The research goal is to assess the vulnerability of the coastal zone on the Kaliningrad Oblast coastline. The CVI method represents a classic scoring system that allows identifying key areas ...
Directions and prospects for the development of geography and geoecology in Kaliningrad State University — Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University: The role in personnel training
... need for a more precise theoretical justification and the definition of a methodology for studying geographical disciplines to optimize the interaction between society and nature, ensuring environmental safety. The specificity of modern education requires the implementation of a new, practice-oriented approach. A historical perspective on the development of scientific research and the training of specialists in the field of geographical science is presented. The article analyzes the scientific ...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... 2008 global financial crisis, sanctions imposed in 2014, and the COVID-19 pandemic. To remain resilient in the face of these challenges, Russia needs to adopt a flexible development strategy and transition to a new path of development. This transition requires the development of new knowledge-intensive industries, expansion into promising markets, strengthening trade and economic partnerships, and achieving technological sovereignty. This study examines the innovation system in Northwest Russia and ...
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
... associated with a sharp decrease in the handling of container cargo, in which the city port has always specialized. In 2022, Russia was no longer served by the world’s leading container companies, and restructuring this area using internal resources requires quite a lot of time.
The positive dynamics of the development of Russian maritime transport continued in 2023. In Russia as a whole, the growth of maritime transport accelerated compared to 2022, and in the Baltic the situation has changed from ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... countries constituting the Warsaw Pact, or some former Soviet republics, but by accepting states that were part of the world capitalist system but maintained a non-aligned status. It is noteworthy that in terms of compliance of their armed forces with NATO requirements, as well as in terms of political criteria (belonging to “established democracies”), Helsinki and Stockholm could be admitted to the Alliance without the intermediate and preparatory stages that former members of the Warsaw Pact and the ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... primarily the EU, in response to the return of Crimea and Sevastopol to Russia, and extends up to the present day, when the relations between Russia and the West, as many experts and politicians have emphasised, have reached a critical point and may require substantial changes in the global order, including at macro-regional levels, for a return to what was once considered ‘bbusiness as usual’. The study examines the development level and dynamics in the three regions, alongside their economic ...
Education in orthodox comprehensive schools in modern Russia: the issue of choosing methodological principles of research
... religious education system, makes them a new and relevant subject for scientific research. The necessity of restoring the full educational function of modern schools and the search for effective educational means in contemporary socio-cultural conditions require a reference to the history and theory of Orthodox education. The accumulated experience in Orthodox general education schools over the past decades needs to be explored, revealing its content and characteristics of the corresponding educational ...
Economic development of Russia’s north-western regions and migration to the St. Petersburg agglomeration
... agglomerations is also linked to the rapid expansion of financial services, transportation, commerce, real estate transactions, construction, and warehousing [2], [3]. Notably, transport plays a pivotal role in agglomeration development, and the infrastructure required for transport comes with substantial and ever-increasing costs [4]. Larger cities generally exhibit improved economic productivity, except in polycentric urban configurations where their growth reportedly has minimal impact on productivity [5]....
Kant and Analysis
... called ‘analytic philosophy’, the name is to be replaced by a more specific one or abandoned. Williamson defends the use of this phrase, claiming that it is quite serviceable, as it relates to a broad tradition of influence, while it is not even required to adhere to the method of analysis in any distinctive sense. Lewin counters that, in this case, ‘analytic philosophy’ is too empty. One could heal this by conceptual analysis of ‘analytic philosophy’ — but then Kant, for whom philosophy ...
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
... development. In addition, the alumni feedback makes it possible to analyze his or her perception of Sweden, its values and the possible transfer of Swedish practices to the country of origin. This is a small-numbered category of publications since it requires the alumni’s consent and pre-moderation of the interview before release.
The Swedish Institute as a soft power and nation branding instrument
The Swedish Institute was established in 1945 with the primary aim of raising awareness about Sweden ...
Socio-geographic approach to substantiating economic security boundaries of a border region
Dramatic geopolitical and geo-economic changes occurring since 2022 have created a new development context for Russian border regions redrawing their economic security boundaries. The latter are also changing, which is understood as the required level of security in the current mode of functioning of the territorial system in terms of its openness or closeness. These regions, especially ones located along the northwestern borders, geo-strategically gain more military and political importance ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... It has been mentioned in the literature that the modest position of the Nordic states in the international hierarchy prompts them to compete for a status that can be described as ‘good power’. Improving a country’s status within this paradigm requires adopting a value-driven approach and creating an image of a dependable partner in relations with leading powers or in the framework of multilateral diplomacy and international organisations [3].
When considering some general issues of small states’ ...
Formation of a reclamation layer at open-cast mining
Land reclamation must ensure that the quality of the land complies with environmental quality standards and the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this work was to study the process of formation of a reclamation layer in open-cast coal mines. The indicators of the quality of the fertile soil layer should correlate to the ...
On economic well-being and current measures to support small businesses in agriculture in the Kaliningrad region
... rural area of the region, they perform a more complex role, ensuring, among other things, an increase in the quality of life of the rural population. The current geopolitical and geo-economic conditions in which the Kaliningrad region operates have required strengthening and differentiation of measures and forms of state support for such enterprises. The region has a large-scale program to support farmers, including both financial and non-financial instruments. At the same time, it is necessary ...
Christmas and Easter archetypes in A. Varlamov’s story “The Little Star”: to the plot and character typology problem
The Easter archetype, with its main idea of the resurrection, focuses on the spiritual reality of the Heavenly World, which requires the transformation of the soul, while the Christmas archetype carries the idea of the incarnation of God, and hence there is a need for this type of literature which refers to earthly change and earthly joy. Varlamov’s short story is distinguished ...
Correlation between the concepts of institution and sub-institution in criminal law
The article considers correspondence between the concepts of institution and sub-institution in the criminal law. The understanding of the criminal law sub-institution as an element of the structure of criminal law institute requires verification in terms of analysis of the correlation between these concepts. It is especially urgent due to the fact that the term sub-institution itself is not used by the official doctrine and law enforcement. Such analysis allows us to clarify ...