Economic development of Russia’s north-western regions and migration to the St. Petersburg agglomeration
... districts. Additionally, it is of interest to examine the economic progression of St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Helsinki both prior to and following the crisis of 2008—2009.
Methods
The data on the NWFD regions were subjected to analysis spanning the period from 1998 to 2021. Various parameters were then plotted to identify correlations and connections between them. Consequently, economic sectors were delineated by clustering regions with comparable development characteristics. Equations were subsequently ...
Evaluating the efficiency of the research sector in Russian regions: a dynamic data envelopment analysis
... efficiency of the research sector in Russian regions. Traditional input variables such as the number of research staff and R&D expenditure are considered, while publication and patent metrics serve as output indicators. The analysis covers a substantial time period, spanning from 2009 to 2020. Notably, the proposed evaluation method incorporates publication quality measures as a carry-over variable, in addition to accumulated R&D expenditure. The study employs dynamic data envelopment analysis to compare ...
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
... current geodemographic changes in Poland, based on the data of the 2021 National Population and Housing Census. Methods, traditional for socioeconomic geography, such as zoning, were employed. Poland’s population decreased during the inter-census period (2011—2021), with the urban population declining faster than its rural counterpart. The large voivodeships aligned along the Vistula ‘axis’ — Mazowiecka, Lesser Poland and Pomerania — outperform other Polish regions in geodemographic ...
University performance and regional development: the case of Russia’s North-West
... criteria of meaningfulness (the selected indicators should characterize the functions of a higher education system), accessibility (availability of initial data in open statistical databases), continuity (availability of initial data for the studied period).
Table 2
Universities’ performance indicators for sustainable development of the region
Function
Indicators
Educational
k1 — number of students enrolled in bachelor’s, specialist’s, and master’s programmes per 1,000 population
k2 — ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
...
Introduction
The decisions of Sweden and Finland to join NATO were an eloquent manifestation of increased tensions between Russia and the West. The two Nordic countries for a long time (the former for more than two centuries, the latter for the entire period after World War II) adhered to the policy of military non-alignment. In May 2022, they submitted applications for accession to NATO, and the Alliance summit in Madrid in June 2002 sent them official invitations to join NATO.
The situation emerging ...
International heritage in the memorial landscape of the Kaliningrad region
... commemorating the German past of the area or linked to Lithuanian and, less frequently, Polish national cultures. The structure of the memorial heritage is largely a product of the selective preservation of pre-war monuments and constructions in the Soviet period and post-Soviet commemorative activities in the Kaliningrad region, ‘a region of cooperation’. Its most substantial, German, component is a complex symbolic system honouring the intellectual culture of East Prussia and its prominent figures....
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... Sea — St. Petersburg, and the Leningrad, and Kaliningrad region — amid the sharply heightened confrontation between Russia and the West, which has affected the Baltic region. The time frame spanning from 2014 to 2023 was chosen for the study. This period encompasses the sanctions imposed by Western countries and their associations, primarily the EU, in response to the return of Crimea and Sevastopol to Russia, and extends up to the present day, when the relations between Russia and the West, as ...
Towards a Stable and Dynamic Economy in the Kaliningrad Region
... incognita or terra ficta?], Zhurnal institucional'nyh
issledovanij [Journal of Institutional Research], Vol. 2, no. 2, p. 27—37
3. Gareev, T. R., Yeliseeva N. A. 2014, Commodity flow model for an exclave region: Rent-seeking in the ‘transitional period’ of the special economic zone, Balt.
Reg., no. 1, p. 54—68. DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2014-1-5.
4. Gareev, T. R., Zhdanov, V. P., Fedorov, G. M. 2005, Novaja jekonomika Kaliningradskoj oblasti [The new economy of the Kaliningrad region], Voprosy ...
From Marburg to Odessa: A contribution to a scientific bio-graphy of S. L. Rubinstein
... philosopher, a professor at Novorossiysk University. The first three documents are published for the first time. Lange’s review, which was initially published in Germany in the German language and was presented earlier by researchers of the “Odessa period” of Rubinstein’s intellectual biography, was checked against the archive document. The mistakes identified were corrected. These documents, as well as old and new publications and studies in the German language made it possi¬ble to reveal ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... heavily dependent on international trade and transit trade with mainland Russia, geopolitical changes have naturally had an exceptionally strong effect. The relationship between border functions and economic restructuring was investigated over four periods. The study utilised data from Rosstat and the Federal Customs Service, departmental statistics and findings from expert interviews conducted by the authors. The extent and direction of changes are assessed by examining the ratios between major ...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... developed innovation system makes it easier for a region to adapt and overcome crises. However, literature [28; 29] provides evidence that innovation activity is more susceptible to the negative impacts of crises and other destabilizing factors. In a period of uncertainty, innovative companies, especially small and medium-sized ones [30], tend to curtail investment projects and reduce their R&D spending, focusing on current activities.
The consequences of the 2007—2008 crisis, the 2020—2021 Covid ...
Territorial structure of inbound and domestic tourism in the Baltic States
... geographical and economic peculiarities of the development of tourism in the Baltic States and to identify the central, peripheral and semi-peripheral regions. Elements of the centre-periphery structure were identified through cluster analysis covering the period 2009—2019. Eleven indicators were used to determine the level of socio-economic development, the state of inbound and domestic tourism and the degree of transport infrastructure development. The results of the study suggest that there have been ...
Cross-border Specialization of Interregional Interaction: Applying New Assessment Methods
... (Zakon Kaliningradskoj oblasti № 115 ot 28 dekabrja 2006 g) [Socio-economic development of the Kaliningrad region in 2007—2016 years (KO Law № 115 of December 28, 2006)].
16. Programma social'no-jekonomicheskogo razvitija Leningradskoj oblasti na period do 2013 goda i strategicheskoj perspektivy do 2025 goda (v stadii razrabotki, Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Leningradskoj oblasti ot12.12.2008 goda № 394) [Socio-economic development of the Leningrad region for the period up to 2013 and the strategic ...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
... cooperation with the Baltic states and to a lesser extent directly with Lithuania since the end of the Cold War [10], [11]. However, the majority of research papers typically focused on the early or mid-2010s as the upper chronological frame [12], [13], a period characterized by a decline in dialogue. Consequently, a sharp qualitative and quantitative increase in cooperation in security and defense since the end of the 2010s has not been extensively studied [14], [15]. This increase is often examined tangentially ...
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
... policy
. During the 25—30 years preceding the current geopolitical crisis, the European direction was the main priority of Russian foreign economic and foreign trade policy [1], [2].
The majority of Russian exports went to European countries. In the period from 2011 to 2014, the share of 37 European countries in the total Russian commodity exports was 53—55 %. After the launch of the first wave of anti-Russian sanctions, this share decreased, but not very much — from 2015 to 2021 it ranged from ...
The geopolitical effect of the maritime factor on the spatial development of post-Soviet Russia: the Baltic case
... continental-maritime attributes but also to transform the balance of these attributes under the influence of geopolitical determinants. The article analyses geopolitically induced changes in the maritime activities pursued by Russia in the post-Soviet period. The primary focus is on the situational territorial and economic shifts of 2014 and 2022, and their implications for Russian territories in the Baltic region. Pronounced inter-basin differences are described with respect to the coastalisation ...
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
... Swedish Institute (SI) from 1995 to 2023. An investigation of the organisation’s materials, scholarship statistics and feedback interviews with SI programme alumni suggests that the implementation of the scholarship policy was erratic during the study period. A comprehensive analysis of the Institute’s efforts was carried out to describe the relationship between nation branding, soft power and education. The focus was on the principles and practices behind promoting Sweden’s image in an international ...
Expansionism in Poland’s strategic culture: historical retrospective and variations
... types of Poland’s strategic culture would require a much lengthier contribution. Thus, this article limits itself to describing the historical and ideational context of the expansionist types of Poland’s strategic culture and does not cover the period between the two world wars when defensive strategies seemed to prevail in the country. Poland’s size precludes it from embracing the ideal types of strategic culture, which stem from the actual capacity to destroy a potential enemy and, in doing ...
Efficiency analysis of seaports in Russia’s Baltic basin: performance evaluation
... performance indicators that align with the complex functioning of the seaport. These indicators should encompass various aspects of port activity and deviate from traditional approaches, such as comparing current values with those from the previous period, among others.
Analysis of the performance efficiency indicators of the Baltic seaports
Further, we consider diversified technical metrics relevant to the port performance analysis in order to verify the proposed methodology for tactical and strategic ...
The sea factor in the federal regulation of Russia’s spatial development: post-Soviet experience and current priorities
... three decades. At times, it was recovery growth: the country was reverting to the performance levels of the 1960s-early 1980s, when it was expanding into the World Ocean [14], becoming a ‘continental-oceanic’ nation [15]. Another, post-Soviet, period of growth commenced when the country was becoming closely involved in the global economy, including as part of maritime transboundary macro-regions [16]. The range of marine economy activities was increasing at the time, along with the number ...
Periodic glass formation system
The article proposes the periodic system of glass formation which is based on the model of glass formation where the possibility of forming glasses based on simple substances and similar alloys is associated with the features of the electronic configurations of atoms, such ...
Organized crime in Soviet Russia: the paradox of institutionalization. Part two
This article follows the previous publication, which showed the growth of the organized crime in the Soviet period of Russian social history. This part of the article reveals the features of organized criminal activity during the so-called "stagnation period." At the same time, the author emphasizes that the 1980s were the most favorable for the sprawl ...
Organized crime in the Soviet Russia: the paradox of institutionalization. Part One.
The aim of the study is to define the role of organized crime in Russia over a major period in the 20th century, and analyze transformation that this criminal activity underwent. The article opens with the analysis of the development processes of the organized crime typical for the Soviet society. It is shown that in the Soviet period ...
Paleoecological conditions of the Gdansk basin in Holocene in the complex analysis of short sediment cores
... Baltic Sea were reconstructed. According to the correlation of sediment analysis data with published reconstruction results, the sediments of the studied cores were formed during the last three millennia (from the Roman Warm Period to the Modern Warm Period). Intensified water exchange between the Baltic and North Seas was recorded before the Roman Warm Period, during the Roman Warm Period itself, the Dark Ages and during the Medieval Climate Optimum. Periods of climate warming, characterized by ...
The Role of Tourism in the Development of Russia’s Northwestern Border Regions
... Murmansk region]. In: Strategiyz razvitiya prigranichnyh territoriy: tradicii i innovacii [Strategy for development of border regions: tradition and innovation], Kursk, p. 230—235.
8. Koncepciya socialno-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Leningradskoy oblasti na period do 2025 goda [The concept of the socio-economic development of the Leningrad region to 2025], 2013.
9. Kropinova, Ye. G., Zaitseva, N. A. 2015, Razrabotka scenariev razvitiya turizma v Kaliningradskoi oblasti do 2030 goda [Development scenarios ...
The dynamics of ground-level aerosol lidar observation in Kaliningrad
... (532, 1064 nm) atmospheric lidar (LSA-2S). Ionospheric TEC parameter determined from the observation of the navigation satellites signals GLONASS (Leica1200). The observations in the lower atmosphere and ionosphere were executed simultaneously in the period February — March 2012. Analysis of the observations showed that during the period of solar terminator passing in the lower and upper atmosphere, there are variations of parameters with periods close to the period Väisälä — Brunt in the lower ...
Commodity flow model for an exclave region: Rent-seeking in the ‘transitional period’ of the special economic zone
This article focuses on a commodity flow model for an exclave region (CFMER). The CFMER development is aimed at identifying aggregate proportions of the exclave’s economy in the transitional period of the special economic zone (SEZ) functioning. The key method of analysis is the comparison of data on the generation of gross regional product and regional foreign economic activities (including export and import of goods and moving goods from/into ...
The legal regulation of agricultural cooperation during the period of the Provisional Government and Soviet Russia
The study examines the transformation of the legal status of agricultural cooperatives in Russia from the period when the Provisional Government came to power to 1929, the period when this type of cooperation was liquidated as a separate entity. The study demonstrates changes in cooperative legislation after the February Revolution of 1917 until the late ...
Analysis and translation of the Old English poem Instructions for Christians in the context of the Christian tradition
... prophets and the New Testament Apostle Paul are highlighted in the context of the analyzed material. The work provides a list of variant addresses to God which are used in the poem, which indicates a developed Christian tradition in the Old English period, and also notes the direct name of the devil, which is usually absent in the texts of this period.
Armstrong, K., 1997. Jerusalem: One City, Three Faiths. New York: Ballantine Books.
Armstrong, K., 2015. Istoriya Boga. 4000 let iskanii ...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... We do not consider St. Petersburg due to the specific nature of municipalities in the city of federal significance and the unity of the urban economy explaining the particular model of local self-government in the cities of federal significance. The period under consideration is 2018—2022 due to the availability of statistical data and the research logic. Although it is fairly short, this period still allows for assessing the differences among municipalities in their economic response to the COVID-19 ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... integration associations. Within associations, there is a tendency towards fragmentation, which the EU has also displayed. The most illustrative example of it is the recent Polish-Hungarian ultimatum on the long-term budget of the European Union for the period 2021—2027.<3> Integration is both a goal and a development mechanism that faces external and internal challenges. The EU countries implement their policies following a common European approach. However, this approach assumes a certain degree ...
Migration distances in Russia: a demographic profile of migrants
... corroborated more than once: most migrants prefer to remain near their families, friends and social contacts, being unwilling to lose the benefits of access to familiar public spaces and the social capital that they have accumulated, probably over a long period [2]. Amongst other significant factors are psychological considerations [3], attachment to the neighbourhood [4], and weaker awareness of distant territories than neighbouring areas [5], [6].
Of some importance, albeit lesser than that of potential ...
Semyon Frank and the German Neo-Kantianism: Aspects of Debate
The widespread assessment of the early period of Semyon L. Frank’s work as being influenced by German Neo-Kantianism is in need of a critical scrutiny. There are several reasons why the Russian philosopher’s interest in Neo-Kantianism merits a closer look. First, two systemic theories ...
The economy of Russian Baltic regions: development level and dynamics, structure and international trade partners
... diversifying international ties. In this context, the development of inter-regional cooperation and the formation of a spatially distributed territorial socio-economic system, including the three Russian Baltic regions, will be particularly beneficial. The period covered by the article is 1996—2021, with a special focus on 2014—2021. The study is based on the economic and statistical analysis of official data of Rosstat and the Federal Customs Service on the sectoral structure and dynamics of the gross ...
Variability of climatic characteristics оver the South-East Baltic coastal waters in the early XXI century
The study is focused on features of hydrometeorological conditions in the southeastern Baltic Sea and their trends assessment for 2005—2019 (climatic half period). The authors used the data from field observations of atmospheric pressure, wind direction and speed, and air temperature from the automatic hydrometeorological station located offshore, as well as the satellite data from the infrared and microwave ...
Mathematical simulation of almost periodic functions with values in Banach space by means of the multiplicator
Research of almost periodic functions with values in Banach space proceeds. The concept of the multiplicator by means of which the theorem of integral from almost periodic function is proved is entered.
1. Кретов М. В. О почти периодических функциях ...
Migration and the Transformation of Multiethnic Population Structure in the Kaliningrad Region of the Post-Soviet Era
... cultural associations as information sources. Special attention is paid to the migration features associated with different ethnic groups. The author identifies major reasons behind the incoming and outgoing movement of population. In the post-Soviet period the Kaliningrad region has experienced positive net migration. This active migration into the region has contributed to the development of “migration networks” and established a new basis for further population increase through migration. The ...
Russia-EU energy efficiency cooperation in the Baltic region: the untapped potential
... energy and environmental efficiency of the Russian
economy»], 2008, Reference and consultation system «Consultant Plus».
3. Rasporjazhenie Pravitel'stva Rossijskoj Federacii ot 13 nojabrja 2009 g.№ 1715-r «Jenergeticheskaja strategija Rossii na period do 2030 goda» [Decree of the Russian Federation of November 13, 2009 № 1715-r «Energy Strategy of Russia for the period up to 2030»], 2009, Reference and consultation system «Consultant
Plus».
4. Federal'nyj zakon ot 23 nojabrja 2009 ...
Innovation Capacity of Russia and the Baltics: a Comparative Approach
... «Vysshaja shkola jekonomiki».
8. Klasternaja observatorija [Cluster observatory], available at: http://www.clusterobservatory.eu/ (accessed 22.12.2012).
9. Koncepcija dolgosrochnogo social'no — jekonomicheskogo razvitija Rossijskoj Federacii na period do 2020 goda. (Rasporjazhenie Pravitel'stva RF ot 17.11.2008 № 1662-r.) [The concept of long-term socio — economic development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020. (Order of the RF Government of 17.11.2008 № 1662-r.)], legal-reference ...
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... craft an interpretation of this approach suitable for regionalisation, to devise a typology of transboundary regions in view of the peculiarities of the Baltic space, and to define the Baltic region by delineating its borders, pinpointing the historical periods of its evolution, and describing its geopolitical development.
Geopolitical regionalisation of society: the theoretical aspect
Political geography studies encompass a wide range of topics and methodologies, reflecting the complex and multifaceted ...
Immanuel Kant in the cultural memory of Kaliningrad residents (post-Soviet period)
The key commemorative practices associated with the name of I. Kant in the Kaliningrad region during the post-Soviet period have been examined in the article. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, due to the growing interest in the pre-war history of the region, there was an expansion of the landscape of “places of memory” related to and associated with Kant. This resulted ...
Spatial differentiation of rural territories in the Kaliningrad region: implications for socio-economic policies
...
The study of the rural areas of the Kaliningrad region has a rich historical background. Economic and demographic rural studies at Kaliningrad State University date back to the 1970s. More comprehensive research has been conducted in the post-Soviet period by scholars from the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (IKBFU), other Kaliningrad organisations, as well as experts from Moscow and St. Petersburg. In 2022, a collective monograph by IKBFU researchers titled The Kaliningrad Village in the ...
Historical narrative in the work of Kaliningrad poets during Perestroika: the experience of content analysis
During the years of Perestroika, discussions about Stalinism and the Soviet legacy became a focal point of public attention. In the Kaliningrad region, interest in history during this period shifted towards the regional pre-war past, the cultural heritage of the area, the history of its settlement, and the development by Soviet people. Historical themes became one of the leading motifs in the works of Kaliningrad poets. The aim of ...
Information and propaganda strategies in German non-state media discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic
... aimed at instilling fear of the disease. This fear played a role in motivating people to adhere to the imposed restrictions and seek vaccination [15]. At the same time, propaganda corresponds to a sequence of well-planned messages spread over a long period of time [16], with repetition as the most effective technique [14].
Public opinion often holds a negative perception of propaganda, viewing it as a set of techniques designed to mislead people. However, it is worth noting that in certain situations,...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... felt indebted to the US for its contribution to the victory over Germany in World War II and the Nordic country’s security during the Cold War despite Denmark’s problem behaviour in NATO, particularly during the fodnotepolitik [footnote policy] period of 1982—1988 [7]. The third factor is cosmopolitanism, i. e., the idea that the US and its European allies use military force as a tool to promote the values of liberal world order and human rights and to achieve universal welfare for all [8]....
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
... them.
Research Results and Discussion
Cross-border price gradients. The changes in the consumer price index for food products in the Kaliningrad region differed significantly from those in the neighbouring countries during almost the entire studied period (Fig. 1). While in the EU countries, the years 2013—2015 were associated with almost zero food inflation, in Russia prices soared by more than 15 %, in the Kaliningrad region by almost 25 %. This was the result of, firstly, the rise in prices ...
Changes in the structure and geography of tourist flows during the COVID-19 pandemic
... of domestic tourism for inbound flows; Tourdom2021, for domestic tourist flow between July and September 2021, Tourdom2019, for domestic tourist flow between July and September 2019; Tourinb2019, for inbound flow between July and September 2019.
The period between July and September, the 3rd quarter of 2019—2021 seems to be the most indicative for two reasons; in that quarter, less tight restriction were in place in most European countries as incidence reduced, and the tourist industry was allowed ...
Estonian ‘Balticness’ as a social construct: meanings and contextual specifics
... image of post-soviet countries, joint efforts to increase the Baltic States’ influence in the international arena and particularly within the EU, forging interregional ties, etc. [1], [2], [3], [4]. The second, negative interpretation focuses on the period the countries spent as Soviet republics, which is perceived by the majority of national elites, the countries’ nationals and external observers as a heavy historical legacy [5], [6], [7], [8]. Here, the common past eclipses the meaningful differences ...
Internet diffusion and interregional digital divide in Russia: trends, factors, and the influence of the pandemic
... identify significant factors that determine the differences in the distribution and use of the Internet in the Russian regions over the past decade. The novelty of the work lies in conducting an econometric analysis based on regional data over a long period of time, taking into account the mutual influence of various groups of technologies at different levels of the digital divide. Particular attention is paid to changes that occurred during the pandemic.
The article presents a brief overview of the ...
Homo sovieticus in the Kaliningrad region: theoretical quest in the international historiography
The article discusses the major areas of theoretical research by foreign scholars (historians, sociologists, political scientists and other specialists), who are engaged in the study of the history of the Kaliningrad region of the Soviet period and use the category Homo sovieticus (the Soviet man). The first part of the article covers the history of the concept “Soviet people”, actively used by the Soviet researchers in 1970s-1980s. The second part describes the understanding ...