University performance and regional development: the case of Russia’s North-West
The role of universities in regional socio-economic systems is pivotal. However, despite the overall trend of GRP growth, regions of Russia’s Northwestern Federal District underperform on education-related measures. These include the share of education in GRP, the percentage of individuals employed in the education sector and the number of universities and students. These trends pose a substantial challenge to regional development, especially in the context of the fourth industrial revolution and...
The spread of the COVID-19 infection in Russia’s Baltic macro-region: internal differences
This article explores the spread of the Covid-19 infection in Russia’s Baltic macro-region. The monthly excess mortality rate in the Baltic region is analysed along with regional and municipal Covid-19 response acts to identify regional features affecting the spread of the disease. The spatial characteristics of Russia’s Baltic regions, germane to the propagation of Covid-19, were distinguished by examining selected social and economic statistical indicators. Based on the space of places/space...
The dynamics of air temperature extrema as an indicator of climate warming in the Central Tuvan basin of the Tyva Republic
Climate warming results in an increase of air temperatures extrema. The dynamics of anomalies in air temperature absolute maxima are described through unusual biquadrate polynomials. The minimum peak was observed in 1989—1992, afterwards a steep increase followed. The authors examine the possibility of an increase in the frequency of air temperature anomalies in the form of heat waves. The patterns of dynamics of anomalies in the absolute air temperature minima is accurately formalized through...
The Baltic economic model: some results of the 1990—2015 transformations
During the last 25 years, the economy of the Baltic States has been developing in the conditions of sovereignty, both de facto and de jure. This period has been sufficient to identify regular patterns in the national economic models. Studies into the nature of the economic development of the Baltic States have a considerable practical and scientific significance. On the one hand, the three Baltic States are a part of the post-Soviet space. The nature, success or failures of their economies contribute...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... than an attempt to divert attention from performing systemic economic and political tasks. Hence, another hypothesis discussed in the article — small integration unions and consulting associations have a future since they perform specific tasks, have minimal staff and ample opportunities for multi-level consultations. Moreover, it is the theory and practice of multilevel governance that creates additional opportunities for the study of sub-regional unions.
This issue has been poorly researched in ...
Evaluating the efficiency of the research sector in Russian regions: a dynamic data envelopment analysis
The nonparametric method of dynamic data envelopment analysis (DDEA) has become increasingly popular for conducting comparative efficiency evaluations. In recent years,
dynamic data envelopment analysis (DDEA), a variant of this method, has gained significant attention. This article applies dynamic analysis to evaluate the efficiency of the research sector in Russian regions. Traditional input variables such as the number of research staff and R&D expenditure are considered, while publication and...
A poetic function in an expanding context: title — monoverse — polytext (on the example of Ivan Zhdanov's poetry)
The article analyses the poetic function as a mechanism for the semantic and compositional structuring of the text. The research aims to study repetition and parallelism, expanding the context from the heading to the minimal text and the textual unity within a poetic book and forming micro- and metacycles with movable boundaries. The material of the research is Ivan Zhdanov's monoverses, which were considered both immanently and as part of the book. The main methods ...
The Republic of Belarus and the Kaliningrad region of Russia as a sub-regional security complex
... and Belarus “Union Shield — 2019”], expert report, St. Petersburg, IPTs SZIU RANEPA, 2019. 152 p., URL:
https://interaffairs.ru/i/Bezopasnost_v_Vostochnoj_Baltike.pdf
(accessed 20.06.2022) (in Russ.).
45. Zverev, Yu. M., Mezhevich, N. M. 2021, Minimal’nyi otvet na vozrastayu-shchie ugrozy: pochemu provedeny ucheniya «Zapad-2021»? [Minimal response to growing threats: why was Zapad-2021 exercise conducted?], expert report, St. Petersburg, IPTs SZIU RANEPA, 40 p. (in Russ.).
46. Khudoley,...
Dynamics of syntactic sense realisation and conceptual shifts at the periphery of syntactic fields
... kognitiver Strukturen und ihrer Rolle bei der Produktion und Verarbeitung von Texten // Mannheimer Studien zur Linguistik. Bd. 8. Frankfurt am/M, 1988.
Salkova J. A.
two-level semantics, conceptual shift, semantic model, cognitive
points of reference, minimal text unit, dynamics of field widening,
blending of meaning, conceptual sphere of minimal text units.
10-15
10.5922/2223-2095-2009-2-2
Kant's philosophical ideas in Rober Nozik's political theory
Robert Nozik's political theory contains an attempt to utilize Kant's notion of individual freedom and the second formula of his categorical imperative (“the principle of humanity as an end in itself”) for the justification of his libertarian “minimal state”. This article analyses and criticizes this attempt on the following grounds: a) the anthropological models of Kant's and Nozik's theories are incommensurable; b) different notions of human nature result in different understandings of ...
Local Border Traffic as a Form of Visa Liberalisation and Territorial Development
This article addresses the issue of visa liberalisation between Russia and the European Union, which constitutes a key aspect of the parties’ diplomatic cooperation. This work sets out to identify the main results of Russia/EU cooperation. The authors have conducted a brief historical analysis of this area of relations. The visa “regionalisation” is considered in the context of identifying the key actors of the EU — Russia negotiations: the Kaliningrad region, Germany, Poland, and Lithuania...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
... the initial stages of the confrontation between the Euro-Atlantic community and Russia in 2014—2015. During this period, Germany’s contribution to the significantly increased NATO military exercises near the borders of the Russian Federation was minimal. Additionally, until the spring of 2016, Germany opposed the idea of deploying NATO’s land forces in Poland and the Baltic states. Furthermore, the Bundeswehr reduced its involvement even in the NATO Baltic Air Policing mission (see Table 1)....
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
Economic sanctions and countersanctions are expanding worldwide, posing spatially heterogeneous threats to most countries. The study aims to develop and test a methodology for assessing regional exposure to sanctions risks using Russian data. The share of foreign trade with the countries that introduced restrictions can be used to evaluate the exposure to new trade barriers. In several cases, this share exceeded 50 %, necessitating a rapid reorientation of product flows in Nenets, Khanty-Mansiysk...
Evangelical Lutheran church of Denmark: socio-economic and territorial-organisational aspects
The study exemplifies the use of an institutional-territorial approach for a comprehensive description of a national denominational landscape. The article aims to provide such an account by analysing relevant official data and performing statistical processing using computational tools. The focus is on the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark and its administrative-territorial structures. The study places emphasis on the financial aspect, one seldom discussed in academic discourse. The denominational...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... municipal areas.
The Kaliningrad and Leningrad regions have different approaches to the territorial foundations of local self-government (LSG). The Kaliningrad region, from the very beginning of the formation of the current LSG system,<2> tried to minimize the role of the settlement level, creating only three municipal areas and 19 urban districts. Although, in 2009, there were 15 and seven, respectively, by 2017, they had returned to the original scenario, and by 2019, the three remaining areas ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... region, as well as the Gulf of Finland, and the Danish straits for Russian vessels. It is stressed that in the current circumstances, Russia needs to consider multiple scenarios in the Baltic region. On the one hand, it must safeguard its interests with minimal damage. On the other hand, it is crucial to steer clear of uncontrolled escalation of tensions with NATO, as it entails the risk of a military clash.
Introduction
The decisions of Sweden and Finland to join NATO were an eloquent manifestation ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
This study examines the features, limitations and development prospects of three Russian territories bordering the Baltic Sea — St. Petersburg, and the Leningrad, and Kaliningrad region — amid the sharply heightened confrontation between Russia and the West, which has affected the Baltic region. The time frame spanning from 2014 to 2023 was chosen for the study. This period encompasses the sanctions imposed by Western countries and their associations, primarily the EU, in response to the return...
Geography of the mobile internet in the border and interior regions of Russia
... — Table 2.
Table 1
Types of mobile internet coverage in Russian regions
Types of mobile internet coverage in Russian regions
Part of the region with the type of coverage, %
Coverage type
A
B
C
D
Maximum
63.5
81.0
69.8
99.3
Median
8.6
37.6
0.5
36.7
Minimal
0.01
0.5
0.03
0.5
Number of regions with better than median mobile coverage
43
43
43
39
Region with maximum value
Moscow and the Moscow region
Volgograd region
Sevastopol and the Republic of Crimea
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Region with minimum ...
Spatial differentiation of rural territories in the Kaliningrad region: implications for socio-economic policies
... Population Census results, 2023, Kaliningradstat, URL:
https://39.rosstat.gov.ru/statistical_news/document/203423
(accessed 09.06.2023).
Comparing the population change in rural and urban areas reveals that the differences between the territories are minimal when it comes to core-periphery relations. In all the peripheral municipalities, both urban and rural populations experienced a decline in population from 2010 to 2023 (except the Gusev district, where the number of residents increased despite ...
Economic development of Russia’s north-western regions and migration to the St. Petersburg agglomeration
... development, and the infrastructure required for transport comes with substantial and ever-increasing costs [4]. Larger cities generally exhibit improved economic productivity, except in polycentric urban configurations where their growth reportedly has minimal impact on productivity [5]. Simultaneously, agglomeration development hinges upon connections with nearby major centers, key transportation routes, and cargo flow [6]. Importantly, it should be noted that most urban agglomerations in Russia are ...
Information and propaganda strategies in German non-state media discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic
... of studies show that people’s awareness of risks is the main predictor for the implementation of the recommended behaviour aimed at protecting health [11], [19], [20]. However, awareness of risks when there are no clear action algorithms aimed at minimizing them gives rise to a feeling of fear that leads to panic, while timely and reliable information about risks is aimed at streamlining fears [21].
Therefore, as an additional hypothesis for the research, it was assumed that there should have ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
The primary objective of the article is to evaluate the significance of status and allied reputation within Denmark’s strategic culture. Amongst Danish international relations scholars, there is a well-established notion that one of the key motivations for the use of military force in Danish foreign policy was the aspiration to cultivate special relations with the United States and achieve the status of a privileged ally. This status would confirm guarantees for Denmark’s national security, provide...
Really: syntactics without semiotics?
I discuss the relation of linguistics and semiotics on the basis of the Old Russian discourse particle TI1 ‘indeed’, ‘verily’, ‘truly’ discovered by Andrej A. Zaliznjak in 1993. Linguistics and semiotics are different research programmes: the first one deals with specific features of language structures, while the second one discusses general characteristics of all sign systems, from a perspective of interpreting most or all of them as secondary respective to natural language. Formal...
Efficiency analysis of seaports in Russia’s Baltic basin: performance evaluation
... modes of transportation such as road, rail, and maritime interact. The work [11] highlights that the efficient organization of a seaport as a transportation hub, connecting the inland logistics infrastructure and maritime routes, can achieve the goal of minimizing transportation costs and promoting sustainable development (including reducing carbon footprint). The high practical significance of a systematic study of a seaport demonstrates its relevance in the case of countries in the Caribbean Basin ...
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
... the introduction of a visa regime between Poland, having joined the Schengen zone, and Russia and Belarus the already established cross-border ties began to break up. This was predictable, but the Polish government took no measures to prevent it or minimize its consequences. As noted in 2009, “Polish politicians were so absorbed in joining the EU that few people thought about developing an effective regulatory system for the period after 2004. …The policy documents of the voivodeships on regional ...
France’s strategy in the Baltic region: military and political aspects
... Federation given the small scale of French forces involved. But today it is closely linked to the activities of other NATO countries. As a result, the French strategy in the region is getting more and more unfriendly. Any further build-up or, otherwise, the minimization of France’s military presence in the region will depend on the confrontation between Russia and the West.
The article is prepared within the framework of the Russian Science Foundation grant project № 22-78-00198 “France’s Defence ...
Geopolitical Security of Russia: Remarks on the Problem Statement
This paper summarizes the results of the seminar “Geopolitical Security of Russia: Remarks on the Problem Statement”, held on August 26, 2022, at the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad. During the seminar, the Institute of Geopolitical and Regional Studies of the university announced an initiative to devise a system of monitoring the geopolitical (regional) security of Russia. The debate centred around the development of a conceptual framework and a geopolitical security model...
Territorial structure of inbound and domestic tourism in the Baltic States
This paper examines the transformation of the territorial structure of tourism in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The spatial and temporal organisation of tourism in these countries has undergone significant changes since they became independent and joined the EU. These changes have affected the geography of tourist flows and destinations of interest. This study aims to define the geographical and economic peculiarities of the development of tourism in the Baltic States and to identify the central...
The two-party tendency in Poland’s political system: manifestations, causes and prospects
The article analyses the Polish political system and the increasing role of two political parties in it. This tendency has been observed in Poland for more than 15 years. We can draw a conclusion that two-and-a-half-party system has formed in Poland. Using Duverger’s phrasing, there is a “two-party tendency” in the functioning of the Polish model. The study analyses the facts that firm up this conclusion: not only the distribution of seats in the Sejm (the main criterion) but also many other...
Internet diffusion and interregional digital divide in Russia: trends, factors, and the influence of the pandemic
... difference between regions in terms of access to the Internet is twofold, whereas, in terms of digital technology use, the gap is manifold. In many regions, the share of online commerce, which became the driver of economic development during the lockdown, is minimal. Based on the results of the study, several recommendations have been formulated.
Introduction
Over the past few decades, there has been an active diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT),<1> in particular, the ...
Analysis of the application of mathematical modeling in geology
In this paper, the most characteristic errors in the application of mathematical-statistical and model methods that periodically occur during the review of scientific geological journals were analyzed, and recommendations for their elimination were given. The problems of determining relative errors in simplified mathematical models are discussed. The necessity of calculating the parameters of the background value and excluding its influence on the calculation of the “useful signal” is shown....
Levels of context: how textual analysis becomes discourse analysis: the case of Internet lifestyle media
... analyzed in terms of it being part of the YouTube media platform. It is contended that as a result of the communicative technology in question, which has drastically changed participatory frameworks for mediated communicative events of this sort, a minimal discursive unit of analysis and interpretation should include, in addition to the text and accompanying modalities (the discourse of the original video), comments made by other users (collaborative discourse). When seen more through the Foucauldian ...
Ethnic minority organisations in Russia and Poland: a comparison challenge
This article proposes a framework for classifying ethnic minority organisations based on a broad combination of discursive and non-discursive criteria rooted in their political opportunities profile. One diasporic and one non-diasporic organisation were chosen for Russia and Poland, respectively. Diasporicity is understood according to William Safran’s criteria and Rogers Brubaker’s triadic configuration. The Russian study cases are Komi Voityr and the Russian Polish Congress; the Polish, the...
On the history of graph theory. Origin
... mathematical sense and may include cycles. Another ancient unscientific use of graphs is the image of the starry sky:
— just a drawing of stars — a graph without edges;
— asterisms and arrangements of stars of constellations can be both “minimal“ trees and graphs with cycles;
— figures and regions of constellations in the starry sky are hypergraphs.
The authors proposed the year 1542 as the year of the probable appearance of the Konigsberg bridges problem. The authors believe ...
Naturalising Kant
The third formulation of the Categorical Imperative rarely receives the attention devoted to its predecessors. This paper aims to develop a naturalistic approach to morality inspired by Kant’s conception of moral agents as legislating in a Kingdom of Ends. Positions derived from the third formulation, John Rawls’s Kantian Constructivism and T. M. Scanlon’s Contractualism, cleave closely to Kant in idealising the process of legislation. For Rawls, the citizens of the Kantian Reich can be reduced...
Who is Rationalising? On an Overlooked Problem for Kant’s Moral Psychology and Method of Ethics
... an even stronger position to charge Kant with rationalising than vice versa. In response, I propose standards that do not assume a specific normative theory and that become apparent when we look at clear-cut abuses of rationality. These standards of minimally decent reasoning can help us diagnose rationalising. I develop these standards by looking at inadequate uses of rational capacities that should strike us as problematic regardless of the specific ethical theory we adopt. I emphasise that even ...
Deformations of the marinve coastline of the Curonian spit (South-Eastern Baltic Sea) during autumn-winter season of 2018—2019
A northern storm with a wind speed of up to 23 m/s, lasting 10 hours, with a wave height of 7—8 m, accompanied by a rise in sea level by 0.7 m, hit the coast of the Southeastern Baltic Sea in January 2019. The coast of the Russian part of the Curonian Spit was selectively eroded. The most significant erosion was recorded in the near border part of the coast (the foredune retreated from 1 to 4.7 m), as well as in the root section, where the foredune broke through and the adjacent territory was...
On countering the illegal provision of massage services by legal means
... qualification of socially dangerous activity. The methodology of the research rests on the general scientific and certain scientific research methods. The paper substantiates the conclusion that the conceptual background requires clarification in order to minimize issues in determining the objective and subjective features of crimes provided for in articles 235, 236 and 238 of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation.
1. ГОСТ Р 55317-2012. Национальный стандарт Российской ...
Finding optimal BKZ parametrs for NTRU lattice reduction
This article is devoted to selection of optimal parameters for lattice reduction attack against lattice-based cryptosystems that use lattices with low rank sublattices. It illustrates design flaws caused by current approach to buiding these types of cryptosystems. Its relevance and novelty lies in the description of the conditions for the existence of a polynomial attack and in constructing an efficient algorithm that allows us to find optimal reduction attack parameters. The algorithm developed...
On the problem of evaluating the accuracy of di-agnostics of wave disturbances carried out using the technique of projection operators
In this note we study the problem of a function reconstruction in a context of a Laplace method application. We use a unitary space of splines with a double dimension of one, that approximate the set of points, representing the results of observation. The conventional scalar product allows to project the approximation onto the subspace of observations. The use of the same scalar product yields the norm that we use to estimate error deviations within the model under consideration. Its minimum defines...
Attitude to economic development issues as a feature of the sociological profile of the population in the Smolensk region border areas
... on territorial interests as one of the fundamental concepts of social geography which reveal both objective and subjective character. The primary territorial interest of the region is the efficient economic development, while losses and risks are minimal. The population opinion poll conducted in the Smolensk region identifies the priority areas in economic and social policy. The article also points out to the difference in opinions of the population and the political elite of the region ...
A ‘Secret alliance’ or ‘Freedom from any alliances’? NATO accession debate in Sweden and Finland, 1991—2016
The authors analyze the policy of NATO towards Sweden and Finland, the neutral states of Northern Europe, in 1991—2016. The authors emphasize that Finland and Sweden have always been of high strategic importance for NATO and the EU defence policy. The authors investigate the main areas of cooperation between NATO and the non-aligned countries of Northern Europe. The authors describe the prerequisites, prospects and possible consequences of Sweden and Finland’s membership in NATO. Special attention...
Liver shear wave elastography: the problem of accuracy and reproducibility
... their advantages and disadvantages; identifying the factors depending on the patient (body mass index, gender, respiration, etc.); finding out the reproducibility of liver stiffness measurements in SWE, depending on the skills of the operator, the minimal measurements, the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound. The most important factors affecting the results of liver stiffness measurements include using SWE method, the diagnostic equipment and the sensors, the measurement depth and acoustic access; ...
The Functional and the Instrumental in Market Definition: a Laboratory for Natural Experiments in the Baltics
Reforms of natural monopolies need clear delineations between the industries where market mechanisms contribute to social welfare and those where the costs of a transition to a market economy outweigh the benefits. In this article, we emphasise the difficulty of finding the optimum modes of governance within industries as a whole. Using the tools of the transaction cost economics, we show that, alongside the problem of market boundaries and the resultant position and behaviour of a company — an...
Variability of climatic characteristics оver the South-East Baltic coastal waters in the early XXI century
The study is focused on features of hydrometeorological conditions in the southeastern Baltic Sea and their trends assessment for 2005—2019 (climatic half period). The authors used the data from field observations of atmospheric pressure, wind direction and speed, and air temperature from the automatic hydrometeorological station located offshore, as well as the satellite data from the infrared and microwave (radar images) ranges to determine sea ice and sea surface temperature, respectively. The...
The pattern of electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency in the central area of Kaliningrag city
Artificial electromagnetic fields are a byproduct of the electrical or electronic devices as an inevitable consequence of the modern scientific and technical progress, and at the same time poorly studied environmental impact factor. Research of current levels and spatial distribution of electromagnetic fields in Kaliningrad aimed at mapping, defining statistically significant characteristics for types of land use and building types, revealing abnormal areas and their correspondence to hygienic...
Implementation of a Software Signal Generator of Various Shapes Based on a Microcontroller of the STM32F10x Family
... generator was successfully applied by the authors of the study in the development of the electostimulation device. Waveform generator allows to generate impulses of square, trapezoidal, sawtooth and sinusoidal shape in a wide frequency range, creating minimal computational load on the core of MCU. Software signal waveform generator can also be applied in creating other electonical devices such as motor drivers or can be used as laboratory signal source.
1. Yui J. The Definitive Guide to the ARM® ...
Hardware-Software Implementation of 1-Wire Interface Based on STM32 Microcontroller
This paper presents an implementation of 1-Wire communication interface based on STM32 microcontroller with the usage of hardware timer. Implemented low-level library uses minimum of MCU resources, has address search functionality and can be applied for polling sensors in wired networks based on this interface.
1. Complete 1-Wire Command Codes // OWFS Website. URL:
http://owfs
. sourceforge.net/commands.html (дата обращения: 05.08.2019).
2. Using a UART to Implement a 1-Wire...
Formation of the cultural landscape of the modern Kaliningrad region in the stone age
... nature and society in the territory of the modern Kaliningrad region in the Stone Age. Natural factors played a decisive role in the formation of the region’s cultural landscape. In the Stone Age, anthropogenic changes in the natural environment were minimal and were mainly noticed in separate components of the natural landscape. At the boundary of the Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods, megafauna species — mammoths, woolly rhinos and turs — disappeared from the territory of the region. The ...