The spread of the COVID-19 infection in Russia’s Baltic macro-region: internal differences
... permeable space); 2) the Republic of Karelia and the Murmansk region (the key factors are rotational employment and the introduction of the virus from without); 3) the Novgorod and Pskov regions (lowly permeable spaces of places; the central role of local foci of the disease). The principal risk factor for the space of flows is the rapid spread of Covid-19 along transport arteries, whilst, within the space of places, the coronavirus spreads through spatial diffusion from isolated foci along short ...
Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development
... Latvia since 2013. The data collected were then analysed taking into account the geographical location of small towns. The research showed that the main factors influencing the development of small towns are the level of business activity and the role of local authorities in the provision of public funding. The article describes prospects for the polycentric development of small towns and analyses the ways of reducing disparities in their development in terms of the working and living conditions of their ...
Text localization as a task of translation
Today, the term ‘localization’ is used in many studies of translations and adaptation of various Internet resources. Foreign translation agencies specialize both in translation services, and in the projects for the localization of various resources, and this fact emphasizes ...
International heritage in the memorial landscape of the Kaliningrad region
... unlike its Lithuanian and Polish components, it lacks inner unity. Most of the memorial objects examined have been integrated into all-Russian or regional historical narratives and corresponding discourses. Reflecting the ‘Russian story line’ in the local history, it has been appropriated by the local culture of memory.
Introduction
The current political situation in Eastern Europe and former Soviet states is dominated by growing instability and conflict as much as by intensifying confrontation ...
Cross-border tourist mobility as seen by residents of the Karelian borderlands: COVID-19 restrictions
... in the republic. It consists of mutual travel of the region’s residents and their Finnish counterparts for tourism, shopping and leisure. This article aims to answer the questions as to the role of transboundary tourist mobility in the life of the local community and the differences between the interior and border municipalities in this respect. To answer them, I draw on the results of a survey I carried out in collaboration with a colleague in 2021, when Covid-19 restrictions on travel across ...
Local border traffic as an efficient tool for developing cross-border cooperation
Local border traffic (LBT) is a tool for cooperation between the EU member states and neighbouring countries. It emerged as a measure to mitigate the barrier effect of the EU’s external border. In 2006, the European Parliament authorised the EU member ...
Modern trends in paradiplomacy: a case of Russian-Finnish regional cooperation
For several decades, EU-Russian regional cooperation helped effectively respond to the local challenges. The EU terminated programmes for regional cooperation with Russia and Belarus in 2022. The existing paradiplomatic structure, however, may be of interest to scholars and policymakers as a model to be reproduced by Russia in cooperation ...
Local government reforms in Estonia: institutional context, intentions and outcomes
The local government reforms of 1989 and 1993 were intended to establish a dual pattern of central-local relations in Estonia. The choice of this model was inspired and supported by the Nordic states. Although the legal framework for local government has ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... This process has been denoted as ‘bordering’ in the English literature.
In most cases, delimitation occurs smoothly, striking an ‘equilibrium’ between the influences exerted on border functions by various stakeholders: national, regional, and local authorities, as well as communities, businesses, NGOs, and media outlets.
Conversely, changes in the geopolitical status of a territory, such as the accession of an adjacent country into an economic union, precipitate abrupt shifts in the nature ...
Reputation core of Russian authorities: the case of the regional level of executive power
... can largely apply to all authorities, but the underlying legitimacy, power, fairness are expected from the federal level”). This distinction is also related to the sphere of responsibility since “regional authorities have a stronger emphasis on local, and above all, social issues, anchored to the regional identity and local consciousness and the type of political culture supporting it”. Experts also note the difference in the degree of interaction with the population (“open/closed system ...
The two-party tendency in Poland’s political system: manifestations, causes and prospects
... share rose to 80 %.<3> In 7 out of 16 voivodeships one of the two parties managed to gain the absolute majority of sejmik seats: PiS in six regions, PO in one.
Of large importance is the two parties’ visible, albeit asymmetric, participation in local governance. PiS traditionally underperforms in local elections, while PO enjoys huge support in big cities. Six of Poland’s ten largest cities have been governed by PO mayors: Gdańsk uninterruptedly for twenty years; Warsaw and Lublin since 2006; ...
Local border traffic and the development of retail trade in the Kaliningrad region and Polish borderlands
Signing the agreement on local border traffic (LBT) between the Republic of Poland and the Russian Federation was welcomed by experts as an important step towards the future visa-free regime between the European Union and the Russian Federation often discussed in the international ...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... entrepreneurs. In contrast, in the Leningrad Region, the level of differentiation remained unchanged, albeit with diverse income trends across municipalities.
The study highlights municipalities’ specialization as a factor influencing changes in local companies’ revenue, particularly in 2022. The research illustrates that small businesses have a significantly smaller impact on the official income of the population compared to their role in employment. Furthermore, there are no discernible patterns ...
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
... reasons (quality, personal preferences) determined Kaliningraders’ continued commitment to the “old” strategies despite significant restrictions.
Introduction and Problem Statement
Regional food markets are influenced not only by internal (local socio-economic and institutional conditions) but also by external factors. Some of them have a more profound effect on border regions. These include the border regime and its changes, which determine the freedom of movement of people and goods ...
Comparative analysis of the territorial support frame of settlement in coastal areas: the case of St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad regions
... However, the economic effects of monocentricity are almost exhausted, and the limits of polarisation and effective growth attainable with the model are nearly reached. This calls for a transition to a polycentric urbanisation model through developing local centres and enhancing transport connectivity between them. It seems that, in the new economic and political conditions, Russia’s two coastal border regions will benefit the most from the linear-nodal settlement. The study identified the local ...
Poland’s Foreign Policy Mechanisms: Legal Framework and Policy Analysis
... Poland’s foreign policy. Special attention is paid to the foreign policy mandate of the president, government, and minister of foreign affairs and the procedure for devising Poland’s foreign policy strategy. Another focus is the contribution of local government to Poland’s foreign policy. The author describes the features of Poland’s foreign policy mechanism and emphasises its potential instability associated with a multi-tier decision-making procedure and blurred boundaries between foreign ...
The intensity of population movements through the Russian- Polish border after the suspension of the local border traffic mechanism: 2016 outcomes
The mechanism of the local (or small) the cross-border movement is a form of cross-border cooperation. On the border between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Poland this mechanism worked from 2012 to 2016, and provided for a significant intensification of mutual ...
Local Border Traffic as a Form of Visa Liberalisation and Territorial Development
... Kaliningrad region, Germany, Poland, and Lithuania. In their analysis, the authors rely mostly on primary sources: intergovernmental agreements on simplified border traffic, border-crossing statistics for the Kaliningrad region in the framework of the local border traffic, expert interviews, and related analytic reports. Specifically, local border traffic is viewed as the most effective form of interaction in the field of visa regime simplification and border territory development. An assessment of ...
Priorities for the development of manufacturing industries in the Kaliningrad region
... was waged on Russia. Kaliningrad boasted a range of joint companies engaged in manufacturing, catering to both Russian and international markets. Competition with cheap imports from the neighbouring states, however, tended to impede the development of local businesses.
The external conditions of the region’s economic development have been changing since 2014, when unfriendly states introduced restrictions, i. e., unlawful sanctions, against Russia. This process is having a particularly pronounced ...
Cultural types and the perception of current environmental risks by local communities of the Baltic Sea region
This work presents findings from research into the relationship between the structural organisation and cultural attitudes of local communities in the Baltic Sea region and the way they perceive environmental risks. The response of the Kaliningrad community to the development of a local potassium and magnesium salt mine is used as an illustration. The article deals with how ...
Territorial structure of inbound and domestic tourism in the Baltic States
... attractiveness of doing business in their tourism markets. Estonia ranked 46th, Latvia 53rd and Lithuania 59th. Amongst the key competitive advantages, experts name a well-developed healthcare system, a low crime rate, a relatively high level of the locals’ ICT skills and affordable prices of services. Constraints to competitiveness include insufficient openness towards international travel and the paucity of natural and cultural resources.
In 2019, the total number of arrivals in Estonia was 3....
Territorial Framework for Local Community Organization
In this article, we analyse the concept of ‘local community’, its distinctive features, and its role and place in socio-geographical studies. We stress the connection between local communities and the area where community members reside and go through everyday routines. Processes characteristic ...
Translation of non-equivalent words during the localization of computer games
... lexis in the translation of computer games from Russian into English. The research is focused on the types of nonequivalent lexical units typical of game discourse and their translation into the Russian language.
1. Esselink B. A practical guide to localization. John Benjamins Publishing, 2000.
2. O’Hagan M., Mangiron C. Game Localization: Translating for the global digital entertainment industry. John Benjamins Publishing, 2013.
3. Bernal-Merino M. On the Translation of Video Games // The Journal ...
The facilitation of freedom of movement between Russia and the European Union: prospects and legal issues
This article examines the legal aspects of the prospective visa free regime between Russia and the European Union,as well as the implementation of local border traffic mechanisms.
1. Treaty on the functioning of the European Union, consolidated version, 2008, Official Journal, 9 May, p. 115.
2. Council Regulation (EC) N 539/2001 of 15 March 2001 listing the third countries whose nationals must ...
“Royal game” on the “royal mountain”: сhess in Königsberg
... The author gives the data on competitions held in the capital of East Prussia, as well as biographical data on players and chess composers who lived there and visited Königsberg. The reconstruction of the history of the chess movement includes the localization of chess clubs in the city. The researcher states, that in the 1850s — 1870s chess clubs with general and specialized membership flourished in the city. The Königsberg Academic Chess Club was the example of the latter. From 1878 until ...
City as an explicant of the key concepts in Dostoevsky’s “The Adolescent
... Dostoevsky not only instantly noticed visual metaphors and historical and cultural narratives of the places where he was destined to be, but he also included presciently read city texts in his literary works. This article is aimed to identify those ‘local texts’ of the urban space in the novel “The Adolescent”, which contribute to the reconstruction and representation of its basic concepts. This research affirms the consistency and integrity of the artistic geo-panorama created by Fyodor Dostoevsky....
Transport connectivity as a factor in overcoming challenges of the periphery: the case of rural areas in the Kaliningrad region
... the overall transport connectivity is high in the region, up to 10 per cent of villages score low on this parameter. We conclude that the demographic saturation of the Kaliningrad agglomeration has not been completed. Moreover, the smallness of the local consumer market impedes the formation of subregional centres in the eastern part of the region. The most alarming trend is the incipient concentration of population in peripheral border areas.
1. Molyarenko, O.A. 2013, Distributed way of life ...
Resilience of cultural attitudes of local communities to risks: the «group / grid» model
The study focuses on the empirical test of the grid/group model applied to the actual perception of the environmental risks by the local community (the case of the potassium mine development in the village of Nivenskoe, the Kaliningrad region). It tests to what extent the structure of the theoretically constructed cultural types (hierarchist, egalitarian, individualist, fatalist) ...
Effective risk communication as a factor in managing protests attitudes in a local community
Contemporary research into the perception of environmental risks suffers from poor knowledge of risk communication in the local community and of how different ways of risk communication affect protest attitudes. This study aims to clarify communication strategies and practices used by members of local communities as a protest response to environmental threats. The work builds ...
Reflections on the history of the Kaliningrad region
... describes differences and contradictions in identifying the subject of Kaliningrad regional history. Some researchers and media interpret the term ‘Kaliningrad regional history’ as the history of the region per se and others as the whole scope of local history. The ‘History of West Russia: The Kaliningrad Region’, a secondary school discipline taught since 2006, presents an interesting case. The subject of the Kaliningrad regional history has no single definition since it is a matter of politics ...
The development of legislation on local self-government in the USSR and Russia in 1983—1993
This article analyses the historical prerequisites for the development of the legal framework for local self-governance in the last years of the USSR and RSFSR and the first years of the Russian Federation, as well as its role in the political system and the social life of modern Russia. The author identifies the key contradictions in power relations ...
The development of municipal authorities' financial independence
This article examines the results of municipal reform, analyses the budgetary policy of the Kaliningrad region, and identifies the problems of formation of local budget revenues. The author described the methods to improve budgetary policy, which could level the differences in economic and social development of municipalities and solve the problem of stability and independence of local budgets.
1. Об ...
Municipal Tax Autonomy under Conditions of Budget Federalism: Reform Experience in Italy and Russia
The article deals with the questions of the current legislative budget process of local autonomies in the Russian Federation and Italy. The current
budget process of an Italian autonomy is characterized by the growing role of municipal taxes and overall decline in public transfers. In the Russian Federation, municipal budgets depend ...
Monotowns: A New Take on the Old Problem
... Ljubovnyj, V.Ya., Kuznetsova, G.Yu. 2004, Puti aktivizacii social'no-jekonomicheskogo razvitija monoprofil'nyh gorodov Rossii [Ways to enhance the socioeconomic development of single-industry towns of Russia], Biblioteka mestnogo samoupravlenija [Library of local government], no. 54, Moscow, 224 p.
12. Manaeva, I. V. Podhody k gruppirovke monogorodov Rossijskoj Federacii [Approaches to grouping monocities Russian Federation], available at: http://srastvortseva.professorjournal.ru/c/document_library/get_file?...
The concept of “network” in the system of basic concepts of regional economic geography
... structures], Izvestija Tul'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Jekonomicheskie nauki [Proceedings of the Tula State University. Economics], no. 1, p. 270—279.
9. Gareev, T. 2012, Clusters in the institutional perspective: on the theory and methodology of local socioeconomic development, Balt. Reg., no. 3 (13), p. 4—24. DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2012-3-1.
10. Klastery v regional'noj jekonomike [Clusters in the regional economy], 2010, Samara, State Autonomous Institution of Samara Region "Centre of ...
Clusters in the institutional perspective: on the theory and methodology of local socioeconomic development
This article addresses the problem of definition and identification of clusters as localized mesoeconomic systems with fuzzy boundaries that stimulate the development of these systems. The author analyses the influence of the inductive approach to the formation of cluster theory and juxtaposes different typologies of clusters and other ...
On economic well-being and current measures to support small businesses in agriculture in the Kaliningrad region
... support for such enterprises. The region has a large-scale program to support farmers, including both financial and non-financial instruments. At the same time, it is necessary to assess not only support measures, but also the economic well-being of local agricultural entrepreneurs in a dynamically changing economic environment. With the help of expert interviews with local entrepreneurs, key problems faced by local producers were identified and certain practical tools were proposed that can ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... coalitions and associations. The theory has been relevant for more than ten years, and there is a lot of literature discussing it. In the classical sense, multilevel governance is based on coordinated actions of the EU, member states and regional and local authorities and in accordance with the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality and partnership, taking the form of operational and institutional cooperation in the development and implementation of European Union policy [9]. Within the framework ...
Setting up specially protected natural areas of local significance in Kaliningrad: problems and solutions
... studies the data of a comprehensive environmental survey of land plots in several streets (i. e. Basseynaya, Lieutenant Katina and Sportivnaya) of the city of Kaliningrad for their compliance with the requirements for a specially protected natural area of local importance. It is shown that the territory of the indicated forest park zone meets the main criteria for designating a specially protected natural area of local importance. Given the urban environment, the territory has a high level of biological ...
Geopolitical Security of Russia: Remarks on the Problem Statement
... to a set of ideas that describe the power dynamics of international politics. At its core, it involves a competition among actors, primarily states, to compete and gain control (in various forms) over specific territories at the global, regional, and local scales, as well as within various sectors of international relations and security, including the political, military, socio-cultural, and economic realms. The structure of the geopolitical space is constantly evolving, reflecting changes in the ...
Estonian ‘Balticness’ as a social construct: meanings and contextual specifics
...
Symbol formation involves the creation of meaning-laden images expressing and reinforcing regional identity. One of the central symbols is the name of the region: when pronounced, it has to summon up a certain comprehensive image in the minds of the locals and external observers alike. Another symbol is local toponymy, which may be reminiscent of a shared past or distinguish members of a group.
The formation of institutions consists in building various functional constructs merging the region into ...
Refugees from Syria and Iraq in Sweden: resettlement during the migration crisis
... J. 1997, Immigration, Acculturation, and Adaptation, Applied Psychology: An International Review, vol. 46, № 1, p. 5—34,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01087.x
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11. Viñuela, A. 2022, Immigrants’ spatial concentration: Region or locality attractiveness? Population, Space and Place, vol. 28, № 2,
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2530
.
12. Andersen, H. S. 2015, Explanations for Special Neighbourhood Preferences among Ethnic Minorities, Housing, Theory and Society,...
Attractiveness of the Kaliningrad region: pull factors and reasons for disappointments of migrants from Russian regions
... Countries to Developed Countries Since 2000, International Migration, vol. 58, № 6, p. 210—231,
https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12708
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14. Viñuela, A., Gutiérrez Posada, D., Rubiera Morollón, F. 2019, Determinants of immigrants’ concentration at local level in Spain: Why size and position still matter, Popul Space Place, vol. 25, № 7, art. e2247,
https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2247
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15. Economist Intelligence Unit, 2008, Global migration barometer: methodology, results & findings. Sponcored ...
Typology of migration processes of Russian coastal regions
... purpose of this article. The study relies on typology, statistical and general scientific methods as well as on the Rosstat data on interregional and international migration of the population in the coastal regions of Russia at the regional and local levels in 1993—2018. Analysis of the transformation of the migration situation in each of the coastal regions of Russia over the entire post-Soviet history has shown the presence of fairly stable core regions of attraction of migrants in the ...
Migration attractiveness of the coastal zone of Russia’s North-West: local gradients
... significance. Thus, research is required to examine how the coastal factor can benefit the migration attractiveness and human resources of Russian coastal territories of geostrategic importance. This study aims to delineate coastal territories and investigate local migration flows compared to those recorded in inland regions. The research draws on the concept of coastalisation, employing universal, geographical, and statistical research methods. It uses documentary sources and official 2011—2020 statistics....
Party system nationalization in Estonia
... Russians. In other words, the study asks whether ethnic Estonians and ethnic Russians vote for the same political parties in comparable proportions or there are ‘Estonian’ and ‘Russian’ parties in the country. The analysis of the outcomes of four local and four parliamentary elections that took place in Estonia in 2005—2019 shows that by the mid-2000s Estonia achieved a considerable level of political party system nationalization at both national and local levels. At the national level, political ...
The dynamics of agricultural land use in the North-West of Russia and the Baltic countries
... Mccann P., Rodríguez-Pose A. The case for regional development intervention: Place-based versus place-neutral approaches // Journal of Regional Science. 2012. № 52 (1). P. 134—152.
15. Bathelt H., Malmberg A., Maskell P. Clusters and knowledge: Local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation // Progress in Human Geography. 2004. № 28 (1). P. 31—56. doi: 10.1191/0309132504ph469oa.
16. Caragliu A., Nijkamp P. Space and knowledge spillovers in european regions: The impact ...