The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... such assessments by merging Rosstat statistics with publicly available accounting and tax reporting data from the Federal Tax Service. The contribution also assesses the role of small businesses in municipal economies and their effect on employment, income levels of the population, and business activities. It is shown that over the ten years from 2012 to 2021, municipalities in the Kaliningrad region became more homogeneous in terms of the level of taxable income for individuals and individual entrepreneurs....
Internet diffusion and interregional digital divide in Russia: trends, factors, and the influence of the pandemic
... due to their proximity to the centres of technological innovations as well as the high intensity of external relations. Leading regions have an impact on their neighbours through spatial diffusion. Econometrically, access to the Internet depends on income, the average age and level of education, and its use depends on the business climate and Internet accessibility factors. Regional markets are gradually getting more saturated with digital services and technologies. The difference between regions ...
Geography of the mobile internet in the border and interior regions of Russia
... [23]. Additionally, the average monthly cost of mobile communication and internet services plays a pivotal role. When these costs are high relative to wages, it notably reduces the accessibility of ICT. Similarly, a significant portion of household income allocated to food expenditure also diminishes accessibility to information and communication technologies (ICT) [24]. The average age and level of education remain socially significant factors of digital disparity across Russian regions as they ...
Evangelical Lutheran church of Denmark: socio-economic and territorial-organisational aspects
... the Ministry for Ecclesiastical Affairs, which is also responsible for overseeing the consolidated budget of the Church.
Reports on the economic activities of the Church are available to the public and provide an overview of its financial operations. Income from various sources is grouped into local budget, General Fund, and state grants (subsidies).
The structure of revenues and expenditures of the consolidated local budget in 2019, based on the most recent publicly available information, is presented ...
Models for countering the segregation of ethnoreligious immigrant areas in Denmark and Sweden
... of ‘ghetto’ in official political discourse [11, p. 164]. But it still retained anti-immigrant rhetoric. Thus, the definition of a “vulnerable residential area” (udsatte boligområder) included two additional criteria: ‘education’ and ‘income’ associated with vocational education for less than 60 % of residents aged 30—59 and the level of taxable income for residents aged over 15 less than 60 % of the average gross income in the region.<23> In addition, the abolition of the ...
A new role of cooperation under economic sanctions as seen by residents of the Kaliningrad region
... with like-minded individuals) to undertakings aimed at increasing material well-being. Therefore, expectations of participating in cooperative activities are primarily associated with the opportunity to start one’s own business and increase personal income.
Cooperation
As an economic activity, cooperation offers several advantages. These include increased efficiency of product sales processes, easier access to loans [1] and technologies, greater opportunities for pooling material, technological ...
University performance and regional development: the case of Russia’s North-West
... advanced training for intellectual resources and maintaining their professionalism, universities directly affect the level and quality of regional development [7—9]. Education brings various economic benefits to individuals, such as increased personal income. Employers also benefit by utilizing the professional knowledge and skills of their employees to generate profits. Additionally, society as a whole enjoys positive externalities from the application of the intellectual wealth of its human capital ...
Some problems of the procedure of recognising a citizen as a person with low income for the purpose of providing accommodation in the framework of a social rent contract
The law of the Kaliningrad region On the Procedure of Recognising a Citizen as a Person with Low Income for the Purpose of Providing Municipal Accommodation in the Framework of a Social Rent Contract serves as a basis for the consideration of issues of introducing a mechanism of assessing the level of a citizen’s income and the value of their property ...
The income differentiation among the residents of Latvia in 2000—2008
This paper provides an analysis of income differentiation among the residents of Latvian regions in order to assess the government’s economic policies aimed at the development of a socially inclusive market economy in the country. The paper describes the dynamics of changes in the income ...
Confiscation Estonian style: legal and political aspects of potential seizure of Russian assets in EU countries
... to return all funds belonging to Russia. The Commission proposes to split the decision on the use of Russian assets into two stages.
In the first stage, the Commission proposes to invest the assets of the Central Bank of Russia to generate interest income, which can be directed towards Ukrainian reconstruction. In the future, after a peaceful resolution of the conflict in Ukraine and the lifting of restrictive measures, Russian assets will be returned to Russia. However, the EU believes that a peaceful ...
Geography of inbound tourism and transboundary tourism-and-recreation region-building in Sweden
Sweden’s tourism industry stands out for its large contribution to the development of the national economy. The vast size of the country makes it possible to trace differences in incoming tourist flows from neighbouring countries. This circumstance accounts for the novelty of this study, which lies in viewing national tourism geography from the perspective of the theory of transboundary tourism-and-recreation region building. ...
Processes of convergence and divergence in the regions of the European Union: features and qualimetry
... Spatial Econometric Analysis, REAL Discussion Papers.
15. Brasili, C., Gutierrez, L. 2004, Regional Convergence Across European Union, EconPapers: Development and Comp Systems, 0402002.
16. Förster, M., Jesuit, D., Smeeding, T. Regional Poverty and Income Inequality in Central and Eastern Europe: Evidence from the Luxembourg Income Study. In: Kanbur, R, Venables, A. J. (eds), Spatial Inequality and Development, Oxford University Press, 2005.
17. Paas, T., Kuusk, A., Schlitte, F. 2004, Modelling ...
The geopolitical effect of the maritime factor on the spatial development of post-Soviet Russia: the Baltic case
... responded differently to the turbulent events of 2014 and 2015 (Table 3). The same diversity in reaction was observed during the COVID-19 restriction and the situational degradation of global markets crucial for Russian exports.
Dynamics of taxable income of individuals and individual entrepreneurs in selected key municipalities of Russia’s maritime hubs, million roubles
Municipality
2013
2014
2015
2015/2013
2019
2020
2021
2021/2019
2021/2013
In per mille of the natioal total
2013
2021
2021/2013
...
Revisiting harm caused by illegal entrepreneurial activities
... caused by the crime in question. The dialectical-materialistic method of scientific cognition, analysis, synthesis and statistical method are used as the methodological basis of the research. The purpose of the research is to determine the amount of income received and the damage caused by illegal entrepreneurship. The achievement of this goal predetermined the need to consider various approaches to the interpretation of such a concept as "income from a crime under Article 171 of the Criminal ...
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
... food faced a radical market restructuring. In addition, in the Russian exclave, the problems of economic availability of food intensified. This was both the direct impact of the food embargo and the result of the high sensitivity of the residents’ incomes and the regional economy to the ruble exchange rate [4; 5] and the growing gap between the regional and the Russian average purchasing power for a wide range of products [6].
This paper aims to assess the transformation in consumer preferences ...
Cross-border tourist mobility as seen by residents of the Karelian borderlands: COVID-19 restrictions
... caused by the restrictions on cross-border tourism were studied using three questions focusing on different aspects of the significance of Finnish inbound tourism and outbound travel to Finland.
The question about cross-border tourism as a source of income (Table 5) reveals a difference between the situation of the borderlands residents and that of the population of the interior municipalities. Almost one-third of the residents of the borderland (30.2 %) named Finnish travel and/or their trips to ...
Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development
... population
0.25
Unemployment rate, %
0.15
Poverty rate, %
0.1
Crimes per 1,000 population
0.05
Net natural increase per 1,000 population
0.1
Long-term net migration per 1,000 population
0.1
Post-working age population per 1,000 working age population
0.05
Income tax per capita, euros
0.2
Total
1.00
The indicators of a territory’s development, expressed in different units (people, euros, %) are grouped into the TDI are standardised using the formula
t =
x – x
,
S
where t is performance on the key indicators ...
An Attempt to the economic and geographical analysis of the differentiation of the Russian Federation subjects on of the level and dynamics of the retail trade development
The level and dynamics of development of retail trade in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation are highly differentiated. Differentiation is influenced both by the income level of the population and by other factors, since there is no functional dependence between per capita income and the volume of per capita retail trade. Even weaker is the connection between the dynamics of these indicators. The article reveals ...
Kant, Gödel, and the problem of synthetic a priori judgements
Debates over Kant’s famous postulate about the existence of synthetic a priori judgements in mathematics, formulated in the Critique of Pure Reason, have been raging for over two centuries. On the one hand, it was fiercely criticised by neo-positivists in the early 20th century. On the other hand, Kant’s ideas on constructive nature of mathematics served as a philosophical framework for LEJ Brouwer’s programme of intuitionism in the foundations of mathematics. Of interest are the ideas of the...
One method for constructing exact solutions of equations of two-dimensional hydrodynamics of an incompressible fluid
We propose a simple algebraic method for constructing exact solutions of equations of two-dimensional hydrodynamics of an incompressible fluids.The problem reduces to consecutively solution three linear partial differential equations for a nonviscous fluid and to solving three linear partial differential equations and one first-order ordinary differential equation for a viscous fluid.
1. Kato T. Global solutions of two-dimensional Navier-Stokes and Euler equations // Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 1986...
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
...
Introduction
The globalization and internationalization of higher education in the late 20th and early 21st centuries are closely tied to a country’s image promotion through public diplomacy. In this context, donor countries develop support mechanisms for incoming foreign students or interns, providing them with insights into the social, cultural, and political landscape of the host country. Until 2022, the scholarship policies implemented by the EU and national foundations and agencies in Europe and America ...
Societal security in the Baltic Sea Region: the Russian perspective
This study discusses whether the concept of societal security is embedded in the Russian formal and informal discourses as well as in the Russian strategic documents on national security and the Baltic Sea region. Particularly, the paper describes four paradigms of international relations (neorealism, neoliberalism, globalism and postpositivism) and theoretical approaches to the concept of societal security formulated in them. On a practical plane, Russia has managed to develop — together with...
The transition process and institutions: on the issue of the standard of living in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe — members of the European Union
... by 1995 (EU-15). We reveal that outright home ownership in the EU-11 countries exceeds on average 75%, while almost two-thirds of households in the EU-15 countries have a mortgage or pay rent spending on housing on average up to one quarter of their income. Despite 30 years of transition to a market economy, the EU-11 countries largely inherited such home ownership structure from the centrally planned economy institutions, i.e. individually-owned and cooperative housing, as well as subsidized state-owned ...
The two-party tendency in Poland’s political system: manifestations, causes and prospects
...
Polish political journalism has responded to the division with stereotyped images of PiS and PO partisans. The supporters of the former — senior residents of smaller towns, most of them ardent Catholics with secondary education and a below-average income — are commonly called ‘mohair berets’. The latter’s voters — cosmopolitan youngsters from big cities, having a good education, a large income and a high level of social mobility – have been dubbed ‘lemmings’ [13, p. 55]. Territorial ...
Optimal parameters and sharp estimates of the convergence rate of the tangent expansion
In this paper we conceder the properties of the tangential incomplete block LU — decomposition. We present an analytical approach for determination of the optimal values of the decomposition parameter and derive sharp estimates of the convergence rate for a broad class of model problems. Numerical results prove that high convergence rate can be achieved by using these values also for the problems with varying coefficients.
Vasilyeva E. A.
incomplete block decomposition, tangential decomposition...
Labour migrants from the Middle East Arab countries in Sweden: a paradigm shift
... 2021, Sweden — Statistics & Facts. Apr 1, Statista.com, available at:
https://www.statista.com/topics/2406/sweden
(accessed 14 May 2021).
16. Irastorza, N., Emilsson, H. 2020, The Effects of the 2008 Labour-Migration Reform in Sweden: An Analysis of Income, GLO Discussion Paper, no. 680, Essen, 1—31, available at:
https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/224907/1/GLO-DP-0680.pdf
(accessed 24 June 2021).
17. Anxo, D., Ericson, Th. 2015, Labour Market Measures in Sweden 2008—13: The Crisis and ...
Multidimensional poverty in the Baltic States in the EU context: theoretical and practical aspects
There are several approaches to assessing poverty, namely, the absolute, relative, and subjective ones. They are widely used in studying income dynamics and differentiation at a national level. Yet a new research approach to the study and assessment of ‘multidimensional’ poverty is gaining popularity in developed states. Central to it is the notion of ‘risk of poverty and/or social ...
Country Competitiveness: an Empirical Study
... Multi-plant Economies, and the Gains from Trade, Journal of International Economics, Vol. 16, no. 3—4, p. 205—226.
25. Markusen, J. R. 2004, Multinational Firms and the Theory of International Trade, Cambridge.
26. Markusen, J. R. 2013, Putting per-capita income back into trade theory, Journal of International Economics, Vol. 90, no. 2, p. 255—265.
27. Nielsen, S. B., Sørensen, P. B. 1997, On the optimality of the Nordic system of dual income taxation, Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 63, no. 3, p....
A dynamic visualizations of mathematic models of the singular points of hydrodynamics analytic functions
Dynamic visualizations for mathematic models for potentially stable flows of ideal incompressible liquid have been built using special points of analytic functions.
1. Голубева О. В. Курс механики сплошных сред. М., 1972.
2. Лойцянский Л. Г. Механика жидкости и газа. М., 1978.
3. Шпилевой А. Я., Худенко В. Н., Персичкина Н. В. К вопросу о пространственной визуализации...
Trade Liberalisation and its Impact on Regional Development: Theoretical and Experimental Studies
... p. 821—835.
7. Chiquiar, D. 2008, Globalization, regional wage differentials and the Stolper — Samuelson theorem: evidence from Mexico, Journal of International Economics, Vol. 74, no. 1, p. 70—93.
8. Chiquiar, D. 2005, Why Mexico’s regional income convergence broke down, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 77, no. 1, р. 257—275.
9. Crozet, M., Soubeyran, P. K. 2004, EU enlargement and the internal geography f countries, Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 32, no. 2, p. 265—279....
Geography of external migration ties of the Kaliningrad region in the 1990s and 2000s
... intensity ratio (KIMS). The study analyzes the information on the annual arrivals and departures in the Kaliningrad region since 1992 provided by the Kaliningrad regional statistics office. Mapping of migration areas dynamics in the Kaliningrad region for incoming and outcoming flows in the 1990s and 2000s revealed two new zones of gravitation in the neighbouring countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia), which today play an important role in shaping both incoming and outgoing flows. A compact zone that ...
Decomposition of incomplete standard basis of the field Q(mD) in the multidimensional continued fraction
The algorithm of decomposition of incomplete standard basis of the field Q(mD) in the multidimensional periodic continued fraction of the general form.
1. Jacobi C. G. J. Allgemeine Theorie der Kettenbruchänlichen Algorithmen, in welchen jede Zahl aus drei Vorhergehenden gebildet wird // J. reine und angew. Math. 1868. Vol. 69. P. 29—64.
2. Bernstein L. Periodical continued fractions for irrationals of degree n by Jacobi’s algorithm // Ibid. 1963. Vol. 213, N 1—2. P. 31—38.
3. Bernstein...
Optimal parameters for consequences of tangential and two-frequency decompositions
A preconditioner for large systems of linear equations based on an incomplete block-decomposition for a block-tridiagonal matrices is considered. This method generalizes methods are developed by Buzdin and Wittum [1; 2]. A method of choosing quasioptimal parameters for consequences of tangential and two-frequencies decompositions based on analysis of model problems is developed. It’s convergence rate is better than ADI’s convergence rate in commutational case..
1.
Buzdin К
. Tangential decomposition...
The capacity of Kaliningrad hotel services market
This article analyses Kaliningrad hotel market through examining the level of incoming tourism in 2000–2010. The authors calculate the critical
zone of hotel room availability in Kaliningrad and the maximum number of tourists that can be accommodated in the city
1.
Вавилова В.
Е.
Основы международного ...
Regional railway transport system of the Transcaucasia: passenger direction of work
..., competition from air and road transport, as well as the specific transport policies in the countries of the region. The improvement of the situation is associated with the potential expansion of domestic railway communication as the population's income grows and as a result of changes in transport policy.
Stupin Yu.A.
railway transport, regional transport system, Transcaucasia, passenger transportation, route network
23-37
10.5922/gikbfu-2023-4-2
Where and how meanings emerge
The discussion aims to identify the interpretive mechanisms that provide an interface between text and context (between language and the world, language and culture, language and society). It is a multi-level system of interfaces connected by inversion and recursion relations and operations. We identify this system as a pragmasemantics. It also acts as an interface platform for correlation/transformation of intra-system semantic units and extralinguistic objects within a set of possible worlds...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
The article examines Sweden’s and Finland’s motives for ending their long-time non-aligned policies and joining NATO after Russia had launched a special military operation in Ukraine in February 2022. The two countries’ decision is shown to be in the interest of the United States, which has always sought to fill the geopolitical vacuum reigning after the collapse of the opposing Soviet bloc and the Soviet Union itself. Finland and Sweden were the missing links for Washington and NATO in the...
Economic development of Russia’s north-western regions and migration to the St. Petersburg agglomeration
... attractive for investments is predicated on the substantial share of budget-funded sectors. Coupled with minor growth of real salaries, which constitute a weighty proportion of the GRP, this hinders labour productivity growth. The stagnation of real income results in a slower labour productivity growth in some advanced regions with a high share of consumer services. A low share of services is found also in many mining-oriented regions, which feature slow labour productivity growth in the mining industry....
Artificial Intelligence: a catalyst for entrepreneurship education in the Baltics
... Technical tools with elements of artificial intelligence significantly increase production efficiency, freeing workers from routine and heavy operations. Figure 3 shows how many workers were needed between 1990 and 2020 in large companies to get an income of 1 million US dollars. In 2020, after the advent of AI, companies only needed 2 employees to generate $ 1 million in revenue.
The use of technical tools with AI elements can significantly increase the opportunities and entrepreneurial potential ...
The Mobius strip of the pragmasemantics of sense: from culture through subjectivity to nothingness and back
The author endeavors to systematically present sense formation through the lens of the pragmasemantic approach. It enables the demonstration of how the primary factors of sense formation, socio-cultural practices and personal agency interact. Their relationship is non-linear: subjectivity results from the assimilation of socio-cultural experiences and the accompanying narrative communication. Self-consciousness of the Self arises from the socialization of the individual through reflexive self-description...
Spatial structure and development of settlements in the Saint Petersburg agglomeration
... residential development hotspots. FTS data on property tax base are the main source of relevant information. FTS reports contain data on the number of residential buildings and units covered by the database. Further, FTS statistics is employed to trace income and job distribution across the study area. The current functions of settlement in the Saint Petersburg agglomeration have been determined. According to the findings, the spatial structure of the agglomeration has three groups of ‘backbone centres’....
Efficiency analysis of seaports in Russia’s Baltic basin: performance evaluation
... implementation of informational transformations in the Baltic Seaports (totaling 117.1 million), the development dynamic is currently negative. Specifically, the Saint Petersburg port’s performance has been affected adversely. In 2022, the share of incoming ships decreased by 30 %, with only 294 sea vessels recorded compared to 418 in 2021. The decline in the number of foreign vessels arriving at the Baltic Seaports appears to be the primary factor contributing to this trend. However, it is worth ...
Comparative analysis of the territorial support frame of settlement in coastal areas: the case of St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad regions
As a scientific method, comparative studies respond to the needs of society. However, the logic of globalisation has reduced the demand for comparative analysis in international and national (regional) studies. Nevertheless, old, settled coastal areas — which European urban science considers as evidence of the decisive effect of coastal position on spatial development and urbanisation — remain valid research objects. Achieving corresponding theoretical and practical goals requires qualitative...
Migration distances in Russia: a demographic profile of migrants
The distance of migration is closely linked to life course events, which are, in turn, marked by age. It serves as a criterion for distinguishing migration from other forms of spatial mobility. This paper aims to calculate the average distance of domestic migrations in Russia between 2011 and 2020, considering various migrant profiles such as sex, age, and type of residential registration. The Euclidean distance between 130,000 geocoded Russian settlements was computed to estimate migration distances...
Socio-political moods of the residents of the Kaliningrad region as an indicator of the geopolitical security of the region
... semi-formalized interview of the population over 18 years old (n = 915). As a result of the study, it was revealed that the significant problems of the Kaliningrad region for the inhabitants of the region continue to be problems related to economic security: low incomes of the population, high prices for food and essential goods, high tariffs for housing and communal services. The hypothesis is confirmed that in the conditions of geopolitical tensions, the population's trust in local and federal authorities, ...
Reputation core of Russian authorities: the case of the regional level of executive power
...
36.2
8. Openness, transparency
29.2 (31.2)
28.2
25.1
30.7
32.6
25.0
32.4
9. The power of authorities
27.5 (29.9)
33.6
13.4
34.5
29.7
18.5
28.6
10. Professionalism, competence
27.3 (28.7)
21.2
37.2
25.7
28.2
24.4
29.9
11. Conditions for a decent life (income / jobs / infrastructure / demography / healthcare / education / roads / comfortable environment, etc.)
27.1 (27.5)
26.6
39.0
23.8
21.6
27.4
25.7
12. Incorruptibility of authorities (absence of corruption)
25.5 (31.7)
22.9
32.5
20.3
23.4
28.6
28....
Museum exhibition text: intercultural and translation aspects
The article is devoted to the study of the texts of the museum exhibition, which play the mediator role between visitors of a museum and its artifacts. The purpose of the study is to consider the text of the museum exhibition as an effective tool for intercultural communication. The review of foreign and domestic works shows that multilingual museum exposition helps to develop a dialogue and understanding between different cultures. The author studied the museum labels of the State Hermitage Museum...
Sectoral composition of the economy as a typological attribute
... «servicization» and «tertiarization». The author offers some methodology to determine the types of sectoral composition of the economy and the thresholds for GDP. The article also analyzes relation between type of sectoral composition of the economy and income of the population expressed in GDP per capita. The economic types proposed the article form homogeneous areas, which include several countries. Types of sectoral structure of the world’s economies are located on the world map with certain patterns....
The geopoetics of the city K.: the optics of perception
This article is a study of literary representations of the text 'Königsberg-Kaliningrad' analysed from the point of view of geopoetics. Based on the descriptions of Königsberg-Kaliningrad in Bolotov's memoirs "Life and adventures of Andrey Bolotov, described by himself for his descendants", Brodsky's poem "Einem alten Architekten in Rom" and the novel "Königsberg" by Buida, the authors explore the sensorial perception of the city by the writers and establish its correlation...
Attractiveness of the Kaliningrad region: pull factors and reasons for disappointments of migrants from Russian regions
... ideas change. The survey applied mixed research methods: respondents were recruited via social media and relocatee groups. The data analysis reveals a gap between migrant expectations and reality, identifying the causes of inconsistency between the incoming migration flow and the region’s development objectives and labour market needs. Based on the findings, the authors provide recommendations for a migration policy based on an accurate picture of the region and aimed at attracting the required ...