Pushkin texts in the description of characters by Dostoevsky and Nabokov
... context]. Vol. 7. Arzamas. pp. 133—142 (in Russ.).
Kroo, K., 2005. The Queen of Spades A. S. Pushkin in the novel F. M. Dostoevsky «Player». In: K. Kroo, ed. Tvorcheskoe slovo Dostoevskogo — geroi, tekst, intertekst [Dostoevsky's creative word — hero, text, intertext]. St. Petersburg. pp. 9—29 (in Russ.).
Kunilsky, A. E., 2006. «Lik zemnoi i vechnaya istina». O vospriyatii mira i izobrazhenii geroya v proizvedeniyakh F. M. Dostoevskogo [«The face of the earth and the eternal truth». On ...
Narrative in structure of genre: A.I. Kuprin’s “Four beggars” ..... 15 Babenko N.G., Koreshkova E.K. Functional analysis of the linguistic reflection in Evgeny Vodolazkin’s “Justification of the Island”
... title complex and the plot structure, objectifying the precedent picture of the world, however, the components of the imperative and occasional picture of the world make it possible to present events from different narrative angles, characterizing the hero and his actions in broad value coordinates. Priority in the genre structure of the A. I. Kuprin’s “legend” becomes the narrative of the novel, focusing the reader’s attention on the role of the category of chance in the fate of the hero, ...
The letter to itself: about communications problem in a picture of the world of N. Kononova (on a story example «The Amnesia Anastass»)
In the article the phenomenon «Another I» of the hero on a story material «the Amnesia Anastasia» is analyzed by N. Kononov. In work the letter as the basic way of communications of the hero with the imagined addressee is considered, and existence of the alternative person of the hero contacts special ...
“Conservative Enlightenment” as “Heroisation of the Present”
This text is a polemic against the 2023 article by Sergey N. Gradirovsky who wrote about the present-day relevance of Immanuel Kant’s concept of enlightenment and challenged the idea of the modern human being as a child who needs an external guardian or guide to control his behaviour. In my polemic with Gradirovksy I point out that in addition to “self-incurred immaturity” Kant writes about the historical “immaturity” of savage or backward peoples. I also argue that for Kant “maturity”...
“I lived in Moscow, the capital of the world…”: Moscow in the poetic geography of Alexander Galich
... capital in the artistic world of the poet, as a rule, has a negative connotation. In the poetic subsystem of Moscow, the motives of departure and arrival are emphasized, and the metropolitan space is primarily associated with the departure (exile) of the hero, and arrival or static stay in Moscow is morally devalued as the lot of a layman, a loser or a careerist. At the same time, Moscow is presented as the native, “home” space of the hero. Such a paradoxical negative assessment is associated with ...
The Paradise theme in G. Kh. Andersen’s tales
The Paradise theme in Andersen’s fairy tales determines the system of images, the values of the hero and the author, the type and specific features of symbolism. The article shows, how the Paradise theme is related to the categories of life and death, time and eternity. The author lays a special stress on the role of Scripture text, which organizes ...
Analytic philosophy, its history, and Kant
... United States // The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy / ed. N. Bunnin, E. P. Tsui-Lames. Oxford, 1996. P. 1—24.
23. Soames S. Philosophical analysis in the twentieth century. Princeton, 2003. Vol. 1, 2.
24. Story of analytic philosophy: plot and heroes / ed. by A. Biletzki, A. Matar. L., 1998.
25. Stroll A. Twentieth-century analytic philosophy. N.Y., 2000.
26. Talisse R. B., Scott F. A. Pragmatism: a guide for the perplexed. L., 2008.
analytic philosophy, history of philosophy, analysis ...
Aldington’s «All people are enemies»: an analysis of the motivic structure of the novel
... установок героя, формы раскрытия авторского сознания : дис. … канд. филол. наук. Воронеж, 2002.
6. Aldington R. All men are enemies. N. Y., 1949.
7. Morris J. Richard Aldington and Death of a Hero — or Life of Anti-hero? // The First World War in fiction. L., 1978. P. 183—193.
8. Onions J. English Fiction and drama of the Great War, 1918—1939. L., 1990.
9. Rutherford A. The literature of war: studies in heroic virtue. L., 1989.
Pohalenkov ...
Picaresque motifs in Thomas Brussig's “Heroes Like Us”
The article analyses the peculiarities of picaresque storytelling in Thomas Brussig's novel “Heroes Like Us”.
1.
Brussig Th
. Helden wie wir.
Frankfurt a/M, 1999.
2.
Decker G
. Freiheit zu lachen // Neues Deutschland. 1999. 06. Okt.
3.
Baßler M
. Der deutsche Pop-Roman. Die neuen Archivisten. München, 2002.
4.
Gebauer M
...
Semantics of abionims in S. Snegov’s novel “People as Gods”
The article studies the onomastic space of the science fiction trilogy “People as Gods” by the Soviet science fiction writer of the second half of the 20th century. Literary abionyms related to the habitats of the heroes of the work are in the focus of the research. It is noted that the space objects of the solar system in the novel retain all real names, on the contrary, the forces hostile to humanity are distinguished by invented names that reflect the specifics ...
. Genre specific of the poem by P.A. Viazemsky “Commemoration of the battle of Borodino”
The article focuses on the genre characteristics of P. A. Viazemsky’s miniature “Commemoration of the battle of Borodino”. Connections of the work with genres of an ode and an elegy are explored. The poem contains in itself elements of traditional ode of the Classicism epoch and largely intertwine with poetic of battle ode, this is largely about praise of the great historical event and Russian arms (Battle of Borodino) and commanders (Miloradovich and Kutuzov), colorful description of the battle...
Gothic components of science fiction’s genealogy
... H. P. Lovecraft who elaborated supernatural horror in the form of nonhuman manifestations of the indifferent Universe. The protagonist scientist is involved into the knowledge of it and, therefore, is put in the situation of a mythological cultural hero, reinterpreted in the coordinates of the plot of scientific research.
Zalomkina G.V.
M. Shelly, V. F. Odoevsky, H. P. Lovecraft, rationalization, extrapolation, mythology, nonhuman phenomena
43-59
10.5922/pikbfu-2023-2-5
Dare to Know, or the Gospel According to Kant
In the course of a close analysis of Kant’s essay in which he gives his original answer to the question, “What is Enlightenment?” I examine the causes and consequences of the theses about Enlightenment which makes a plea for emancipation from the shackles of guardianship, above all by getting rid of one’s own cowardice. In search of an answer to the question, “What is the real reason of self-incurred immaturity?” I consider the bifurcation: Is it all about unjust social institutions established...
International heritage in the memorial landscape of the Kaliningrad region
This article aims to analyse the structure of sites in the Kaliningrad region commemorating events, phenomena or figures of international history, as well as to reveal their symbolic significance. The study uses empirical data on the origin, time of construction and purpose of the monuments, memorials and other places of commemoration. Theoretically, it draws on the concepts of cultural memory and sites of memory. The idiographic and historiographic methods were employed along with general scientific...
Dispute about Holbein as a dispute about faith: discussion around Fedor Dostoevsky’s novel ‘The Idiot’
... gesehen. Kunstchronik. Monatsschrift für Kunstwissenschaft, Museumswesen und Denkmalpflege. Bd. 71, 2, S. 94—105,
https://doi.org/10.11588/kc.2018.2.85589
.
Spazier, K., 1790. Wanderungen durch die Schweiz. Gotha.
Suzi, V. N., 2021. The Drama of the Hero is the Drama of the Author. Reflections on the Occasion of the 200th Anniversary of F. M. Dostoevsky. Yazyk i tekst [Language and Text], 8 (4), pp. 40—53,
https://doi
. org/10.17759/langt.2021080406 (in Russ.).
Tikhomirov, B. N., 1994. On Dostoevsky's ...
Artistic implementation of the concept «unity in diversity» in the poem by P.B. Shelley «Love’s philosophy»
...
The novelty of this research lies in the use of an anthropocentric approach to the study of linguistic material, in which the verbal representations of the concept «unity in diversity» are viewed through the prism of the inner world of the lyrical hero. The interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of lexical units brings together linguistic cultural studies, literary criticism, psycholinguistics and philosophy.
The theoretical principles underlying this study are presented in the works of ...
Fort №5 in the historical memory of Kaliningrad residents
... the storm of Königsberg by the Soviet troops in April, 1945, it had been exposed to the attacks of all kinds of forces of the 3rd Belorussian front for four days and was surrendered by the German command. Later fifteen men were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the fort storming. The article is based on the unpublished documents dating from 1970—1980s from the archives of the Kaliningrad Regional Museum of History and Art which are related to the events of the East Prussian invasion....
Image of Christ in Boris Poplavsky’s book of verses “Snowy hour”
... he’s kingdom of spirit, divine space beyond the earthly world, to witch a difficult path leads, which marks a spiritual rebirth of man and world. It explains the specifics of the composition and lyrical plot of the book “Snowy hour”, when the hero is going the special path, the elevation to heaven harmony through overcoming himself human “Luciferian” nature.
Mamatov G. M.
Boris Poplavsky, image of Christ, religious diaries, literature of Russian émigré, religious poetry, composition,...
Semantic transformations in the secondary text (on A. Döblin’s fairy tale “Der Ritter Blaubart”)
... original fairy tale, suggesting that the author deliberately refracts the original text through a certain gender and ethnic “prism”. As a result, the primary vector in the space “villain — victim” is shifted: a villain is transformed into a hero, and an innocent victim is taken to heaven. The study reveals the role of landscape descriptions in the secondary text, the forces of nature are mythologized in the secondary text, they become the full participants in the action, which gives the ...
City as an explicant of the key concepts in Dostoevsky’s “The Adolescent
... contribute to the reconstruction and representation of its basic concepts. This research affirms the consistency and integrity of the artistic geo-panorama created by Fyodor Dostoevsky. The creation and representation of concepts both by the writer and his heroes are carried out by comparing individual points and forming a kind of textual ‘isolines’. As an analytical and illustrative material, various modifications of such “isolines” of are given, the elements of which are St. Petersburg, Moscow,...
Decembrists in the novel “Journey of dilettantes” in the context of Bulat Okudzhava’s work and contemporaneity
... myth” of the Soviet intelligentsia, which achieved the peak of its popularity in the 1970s. The purpose of the study is to clarify the originality of the author’s concept of Decembrism at the background of two versions of the idealizing myth about the heroes of the past (official and oppositional). The hypothesis of the research is based on the ideas of Galina Belaya: it is challenging “indisputable” historical values in the work of Okudzhava and the close connection of historical issues with the ...
Spatial poetics of the story “Number 13” by M. R. James
... traditional Gothic topoi to modern urban space. According to the Gothic view on the distant past and antiquity, certain architectural features are ascribed to the reinterpreted Gothic topoi. In he novel, space does not only function as an arrangement of the hero’s inner state, but also as a plot-forming component. There is a contraction of space, proportional to the presence of the supernatural in the canvas of the narrative. A particular attention is paid to oneirosphere space functioning (J. Faryno) ...
Translation and the ‘soft’ bridges of communication
Translation Studies scholars, on the whole, have struggled to reconcile abstract, metaphorical concepts of translation with the notion of translation as understood in the commercial world of communication, that of a product to be obtained through quick, efficient and cost-cutting processes of transfer across verbal languages. Yet both ideas of translation imply exchanges of perspective between domains, cultures and senses and are inspiring conceptually, artistically and socially. Bonds between...
Translation Historiography
The article offers an overview of the development of translation history during the past decade. It focuses on recent debates, research areas and methodological avenues in translation history with special emphasis on interdisciplinarity. Driven by a move away from a Euro-centric view of translation, researchers have become interested in producing connected and comparative histories of translation. The dialogue with the general field of history has led to the adoption of new methods and forms of analysis...
Czesław Miłosz’s “Theological treatise” in the context of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s religious worldview
... life after death in “Theological Treatise” is not free from pessimism and skepticism. Miłosz is inclined towards the ideological paradigm of the West, and the concept of “Theological Treatise” includes the ideas of Dostoevsky's unbelieving heroes.
Arkhipova, A. V., 1994. Dostoevsky and Adam Mickiewicz. In: Dostoevsky. Materialy i issledovaniya [Dostoevsky. Materials and researches], 11. Saint Petersburg, pp. 13—27 (in Russ.).
Balbus, S., 2013. Budowanie przestrzeni “Traktatu teologicznego”....
Prince Mikhail of Tver in Ryleev’s Duma and in the Russian Historiography: the Path to Sainthood
... between true and false values the research examines the oppositions freedom — captivity and life — honour. A careful examination of the protagonist’s image shows that his idealization was meant by the poet: the character is depicted as a real hero led by the Biblical values and willing to sacrifice his life for the sake of his motherland.
1. Андреева Е. А. Поэтика и жанровое своеобразие древнерусских произведений о Михаиле ...
Teaching as a path in J. Joyce’s novel “A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man”
... system features shows that it is unable to lead Stephen to the creation of a full-fledged ideal which he could follow. At the same time the home loses its significance to him which leads to a complete change in ideological attitudes. An analysis of the hero’s inner world reveals that self-education does not only help Stephen to achieve success but also awakens the desire to remain an eternal student at the University of Life.
Zhilina-Els T., Zhilina N. P.
Stephen Dedalus, Bildungsroman, ...
Genre specificity of V. Maksimov’s novel “Farewell from Nowhere”: to the problem of spiritual tradition
The article analyses the genre of the autobiographical novel by Vl. Maksimova in the context of the spiritual tradition and in connection with the typology of literary heroes. The study reveals closeness of the novel-confession “Farewell from Nowhere” to the semantic form of “confession-deed” (M. Bakhtin), embodied in the ancient Russian “Teachings” by Vladimir Monomakh. The type of hero-protagonist is ...
Subjective modality of the literary text: ontological status in author’s conception of the world
... values, his spiritual experience, and his aesthetic cognition. The analysis of the linguistic material made it possible to determine that the subjective modality can be realized as a synthesis of three levels — the image of the author, narrator and hero, which makes it possible to substantiate the author’s concept of the world in a literary text.
Kuznetsova A. V.
literary text, subjective modality, author’s conception, narrator, author’s image
5-14
On the Role of Gesinnung in Kant’s Ethics and Philosophy of Religion. Part I
Kant’s concept of Gesinnung reveals the whole range of its problematic potential when it has to be translated into other languages: there are no ready-made equivalents. The problem stems from the evolution of this concept in Kant himself from the pre-Critical (“mode of thinking”, “convictions”, “virtuousness”, “virtues”, “sentiments”, “inclinations”, “aspirations”) to the critical works and then in the Critical period in Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason. Further...
The mythopoetics of Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel The buried giant
... Fairies: Hobgoblins, Brownies, Bogies, & Other Supernatural Creatures. N. Y., 1978. URL:
https://books.google.ru/books/about/
An_Encyclopedia_of_Fairies.html?id=G4EYAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y (дата обращения: 11.07.2019).
16. Campbell J. The Hero with A Thousand Faces. Princeton, 2004.
17. Daimler M. Fairies: A Guide to the Celtic Fair Folk. John Hunt Publishing, 2017. URL:
https://books.google.ru/books?id=qGhADwAAQBAJ&dq=wenz+green
+color+in+the+celtic+tradition&hl=ru&source=gbs_navlinks_s ...
The title of Alexander Pushkin’s novel The captain’s daughter as the textual dominant
... more frequent, lexical and grammatical units used as nominations in the text (‘Masha’, ‘Marya Ivanovna Mironova’), ‘captain’s daughter’ explicates the image of both the main character and her father – captain Mironov. An ‘invisible hero’ in history, he is a man of high moral qualities: kindness and candour. Therefore, ‘captain’s daughter’ fulfils the role of the textual dominant and presents the essence of the novel.
1. Айхенвальд Ю. И. Пушкин. 2-е ...
‘Reaching out’ beyond the text: philosophical notes
... attempt at philosophical analysis. In: M. Bakhtin, ed. Literaturno-kriticheskie stat’i [Literary critical articles]. Moscow: Khudozhestvennaya literaturа (in Russ.).
Bakhtin, M., 1994. Art and responsibility; To the philosophy of action; Author and hero in aesthetic activity; The problem of content, material and form in verbal art. In: M. Bakhtin, ed. Estetika slovesnogo tvorchestva [The aesthetics of verbal creation]. Kiev: Next (in Russ.).
Blaug, M., 2004. Metodologiya ekonomicheskoi nauki, ...
OPOIAZ and Bakhtin: the Decision Science’s perspective
... conceptualization of poetic creativity to Mikhail Bachtin’s view on the subject arguing that the way he conceives of the strategies available to the literary author fit the label of “interactive rationality.”
Bakhtin, M., 2003. Author and hero in aesthetic activity. In: M. Bakhtin, ed. Sobranie sochinenii. T. 1. Filosofskaya estetika 1920-kh godov [Collected Works. Vol. 1. Philosophical aesthetics of the 1920s]. Moscow: Russkie slovari (in Russ.).
Bakhtin, M., 2003. To the philosophy ...
The hagiographic genre of the life of Alexander (Plutarch’s Comparative biographies)
.... I argue that the genre of ancient biography with its topos of private life and its entertaining and instructive functions serves as a nutrient substrate for the formation of the genre of bios.
Averintsev, S. S., 1994. Good Plutarch tells about heroes, or happy marriage of a biographical genre and moral philosophy. In: Plutarkh. Sravnitel'nye zhizneopisaniya: v 2 t. [Plutarch. Comparative biographies: in 2 tons]. Vol. 1. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo «Nauka». pp. 637—653 (in Russ.).
Averintsev,...
The rhetoric and logic of the representations of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878 in Russian public discourse
The Balkan crisis of 1875—1876 and the ensuing Russo-Turkish war of 1877—1878 were the first major foreign policy challenges for the Russian Empire in the entirely new public sphere situation. The military reform of 1784, which replaced recruitment with conscription, translated in the involvement of the general public in the current events. The new public sphere, which had been developing from the 1850s, required new languages both to describe and to transform reality, as well as to produce a...
Königsberger Kant-Forschung: Allgemeine Aufgaben und Popularisierung
... and intermittent threads, has played an important role at the beginnings and development of other lines of the local Kant studies. Successes and failures are shown not only in our description, but also lively and emotional from the own standpoint of heroes of this history. Prospects for in-depth research are also outlined.
1. Brückmann, R. 1919, Immanuel Kant. Sein Leben und seine Lehre. Volkstümlich dargestellt, Königsberg.
2. Brückmann, R. 1925, Kants Leben und Wirken. Dem deutschen Volke ...
The idea of destiny and its intertextual projections in ‘fairstory’ in “The Djinn in the Nightingale's Eye” by A. Byatt
... Cambridge, Massachussetts, 2002.
9. Byatt A. S. Interview / Tanya Harrod & Glean Adamson // The Journal of Modern Craft. 2011. Vol. 4, iss. 1 P. 65—82.
Vladimirova N.
the idea of Destiny, insertintertextual inclusions, character system, surreal hero
58-63
Poetics of the ‘ideal’: The ancient and Christian tradition in K. N. Leontyev’s novel Odysseus Polychroniades
This article examines the interaction between ancient and Christian world-view traditions in K. N. Leontyev’s novel Odysseus Polychroniades. Leontyev expresses Christian ideas using images of Greek heroes. The ancient tradition is represented in the pan-aesthetic attitude of the literary work. In the text, the two traditions are compared using the ‘icon – picture’ opposition. The article stresses the connection between Christian and ancient ...
Origins and beginnings. The Livonian Rhymed Chronicle as a reference point for literature in the Teutonic Order
Almost all recent historical and literary studies agree that the Livonian Chronicle conveys an impression of a poetical work containing archaic elements. The affinity between the Chronicle and German heroic epic poetry is often stressed. The established perspective, which distorts the image of the Chronicle, requires adjustment. This literary study into the Chronicle’s text complements research on the development of corporate identity in the Teutonic Order.
1. Arnold U. De primordiis ordinis...
Segmentation of multi-temporal radar images of earth covers
Possibilities of application segmentation algorithms and classification of satellite radar images without deleting a speckle noise for separation of connected areas are considered. The segmentation algorithm Merge Using Moments is optimum for separation of specific composition of forest on multitemporal radar data for some vegetative periods in development of the deciduous, coniferous and mixed forest. For exact separation of water objects use of radar data of one year suffices.
1. Meinel G., Neubert...
The Pythagorean-mathematical component of P. A. Florensky’s social philosophy
This article considers the amalgamation of N. Bugaev’s arrythmology and G. Leibnitz’s monadology supplemented by G. Cantor’s set theory as the methodological basis of P. A. Florensky’s teaching on future state, which made it possible for the Russian philosopher to create a holistic social and philosophical project – the quintessence of development of a new culture, where the fate of a person and the state are indivisible. In the future state, people are units, Pythagorean numbers, or monads...
The optimisation of athletes’ training process through controlling individual immune-regenerative and biochemical blood parameters
This article considers a number of cell indicators of the organism that can be potentially used for the individual monitoring of selecting graduated exercises, which contributes to an increase in the efficiency of athlete’s training. A number of the most reactive indicators (hematologic and biochemical indicators, subpopulation structure), which alter to a degree in comparison to the reference parameters, are identified.
1. Лакин Г. Ф. Биометрия. М., 1980.
2. Чередеев...
Churchill about Gumbinnen: on the history of one quotation
... Брюшинкин, В. И. Гальцов и др. Калининград, 2002.
3.
Пахалюк К.
А
. «Не числом, а умением» (Гумбинненское сражение 20 авгу
ста 1914 г.).
URL
:
http
://
hero
1914.
com
/
gumbinnenskoe
-
srazhenie
-207-
avgusta
-
1914-
goda
/ (дата обращения: 27.07.2011).
4.
Эко У
. Как написать дипломную работу. Гуманитарные науки / пер. Е.
Костюкович....
Acute syndrome of reunification: “Nox” by Thomas Hettche
The article considers the allegorical image of the fall of the Berlinwall in the novel «Nox» by German writer T. Hettche. The authorreveals «painful points» of the epoch-making historical event at the moment of the heroes' transition from life to death and vice versa. The article analyses a whole variety of developed multilevel metaphors illustrating the painful process of German-German reunification.
1.
Потёмина М.
С.
Концепт «границы» ...
A ‘divided history’: the politics of memory on the territory of the former East Prussia in the light of current discussions
... Francijapamjat' [France Memory], Saint Petersburg.
12. Schenk, F. B. 2007, Aleksandr Nevskij v russkoj kul'turnoj pamjati: svjatoj, pravitel', nacional'nyj geroj (1263—2000) [Alexander Nevsky Russian cultural memory: saint, the governor, the national hero (1263-2000)], Moscow.
13. Demshuk, A. 2012, The lost German East. Forced migration and the politics of memory, 1945—1970, Cambridge.
14. François, E. Schulze, H. 2001, Deutsche Erinnerungsorte, München, Bd. 1—3.
15. Engel-Braunschmidt,...
Criminal songs: The hero and the plot
The criminal song is considered as a phenomenon of urban folklore functionally linked to the criminal community as an archaic subculture. The author characterises the plot structure of the criminal song: the system-building characters, their plot function, and typical motives. The article poses the question as to the thematic typology of the criminal song. It is emphasised that the bearer of the criminal song characteristics, its “gene” is the main character (the crime lord), whereas the other...
Russia’s energy geostrategy in the Baltic Sea region
This article explores Russian energy policy in the Baltic Sea region in the context of the world energy market globalization. The study focuses on the three Baltic States — Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia — which have a similar geographical location and history. The dynamic development of the region as a whole is strongly influenced by the stability of energy supply in each state. The article analyses the role Russia plays in the energy policy of the region from both geopolitical and geostrategic...
The image of Napoleon in France
... connection with the changing political situation. Historical studies and belles-lettres help demonstrate that today the image of Napoleon is more popular in other European countries than in France and that the life of the emperor gave rise to a myth about a hero and great conqueror who faces defeat at the peak of his power and loses its empire.
1. Amalvi Ch. Les héros des Français. Controverses autour de la mémoire nationale. P., 2011.
2. Boudon J.-O. Napoléon et la campagne de Russie. ...
Anton Delvig: Life—Legend—Hero
1. Успенский Вс. О Дельвиге // Русская поэзия XIX века. М., 1929.
2. Гинзбург Л. Я. О лирике. М.; Л., 1964.
3. Кирпичников А. А. Жуковский и Дельвиг в изображении современника //Русская старина. 1897. № 2.
4. Дельвиг А. И. Полвека русской жизни. Воспоминания. М.; Л., 1930. Т. 1.
5. Пушкин А. С. Полн. собр. соч...