Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... evaluate the significance of status and allied reputation within Denmark’s strategic culture. Amongst Danish international relations scholars, there is a well-established notion that one of the key motivations for the use of military force in Danish foreign policy was the aspiration to cultivate special relations with the United States and achieve the status of a privileged ally. This status would confirm guarantees for Denmark’s national security, provide the country with an opportunity for distinctive ...
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
Economic sanctions and countersanctions are expanding worldwide, posing spatially heterogeneous threats to most countries. The study aims to develop and test a methodology for assessing regional exposure to sanctions risks using Russian data. The share of foreign trade with the countries that introduced restrictions can be used to evaluate the exposure to new trade barriers. In several cases, this share exceeded 50 %, necessitating a rapid reorientation of product flows in Nenets, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... the global order, including at macro-regional levels, for a return to what was once considered ‘bbusiness as usual’. The study examines the development level and dynamics in the three regions, alongside their economic security. Another focus is on foreign policy and a geopolitical typology of the Baltic region states. The article investigates the impact of a changed geopolitical landscape on cross-border cooperation, the restructuring of foreign trade relations in Russia’s three Baltic regions,...
Poland’s Foreign Policy Mechanisms: Legal Framework and Policy Analysis
This article describes the features of Poland’s foreign policy. Special attention is paid to the foreign policy mandate of the president, government, and minister of foreign affairs and the procedure for devising Poland’s foreign policy strategy. Another focus is the contribution of local government ...
Confiscation Estonian style: legal and political aspects of potential seizure of Russian assets in EU countries
... according to the Estonian authorities’ estimates, amount to approximately 38 million euros.
Thus, according to the Estonian authorities, the country may become the first EU member state to legally establish a national mechanism for the seizure of foreign property. At the same time, the country’s authorities hope that their experience will serve as an example for the entire EU.
Estonia, however, is not the pioneer in this matter. In 2022, amendments to the Special Economic Measures Act<3> ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... objectives. Firstly, we look for an appropriate theoretical and methodological framework for the study. Secondly, we produce a comparative description of the V4 and the BA/BCM. Thirdly, we examine the capacity of these associations to pursue an independent foreign and domestic policy. This study uses a comparison method to analyse the activities of the two organisations and identify their significance for the EU.
Introductory remarks
Eastern European states (Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic) ...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
... beginning of the 21st century, Germany has consistently pursued the goal of becoming a global power. However, by the early 2020s, this objective had not been achieved. During the decade spanning from 2014 to 2023, Germany underwent radical shifts in its foreign policy priorities, especially concerning its military engagement. Germany scaled back its strategic involvement outside the Euro-Atlantic community, particularly in regions of instability such as the Near and Middle East and North Africa. These ...
Motivations of Russian firms to invest abroad: how do sanctions affect Russia’s outward foreign direct investment?
In 2013, Russia’s outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) soared and the OFDI stock exceeded $ 500 billion. However, a year later, Russia’s OFDI dropped by nearly 15 per cent. Rapid upward and downward swings make it necessary to analyze the motivation of Russian firms to invest ...
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
... globalization and internationalization of higher education in the late 20th and early 21st centuries are closely tied to a country’s image promotion through public diplomacy. In this context, donor countries develop support mechanisms for incoming foreign students or interns, providing them with insights into the social, cultural, and political landscape of the host country. Until 2022, the scholarship policies implemented by the EU and national foundations and agencies in Europe and America towards ...
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
... assessing the long-term risks and threats to their development and exploring the potential for maritime transport growth in the Baltic region under the current circumstances.
Cooperation with Europe as the main priority of Russia’s post-Soviet foreign economic policy
. During the 25—30 years preceding the current geopolitical crisis, the European direction was the main priority of Russian foreign economic and foreign trade policy [1], [2].
The majority of Russian exports went to European ...
The regional approach in the policy of the Russian Federation towards the Republic of Estonia
This author uses regionalism as a theoretical framework for analyzing the foreign policy of the Russian Federation towards the Republic of Estonia. Regionalism is interpreted as a situation, when a political leader’s beliefs change depending on what region of the world is considered. Leaders of great powers often assume that,...
Foreign nationals on the Boards of Directors of Russia’s Ten Largest Non-Financial Companies Investing Overseas
... international membership of the boards of directors of Russia’s ten largest outbound investors. The data used in the study come from the companies’ annual reports and official websites. The information is correct as of February 2017. It is concluded that foreign nationals hold 30 % of board seats in Russia’s ten largest non-financial companies investing abroad. US, British, and German nationals comprise two-thirds of foreign nationals on the boards of directors. Among the 30 foreign holders of board ...
Modern trends in paradiplomacy: a case of Russian-Finnish regional cooperation
... paradiplomacy as an umbrella term that characterizes different aspects of subnational initiatives.
In the 1960s, Rohan Butler introduced the term “paradiplomacy” to describe the “personal or parallel diplomacy complementing or competing with the regular foreign policy of the government” [2, p. 13]. The modern understanding of paradiplomacy has become firmly established in academic literature following the publication of the works by Panagiotis Soldatos and Ivo Duhacek. According to them, paradiplomacy ...
Expansionism in Poland’s strategic culture: historical retrospective and variations
... countries’ actions. The study examines what expansionist types of strategic culture have developed in Poland, how relevant they are in the current political landscape, and describes their differences and similarities. To this end, the intellectual origins of foreign policy ideas prevalent in Poland (Rzeczpospolita) are traced, and the challenges of the external environment are correlated with the way they have been perceived in the course of Poland’s historical development. Two historically contingent expansionist ...
Spatial diffusion of Asian direct investments in the northern European EU countries
The first publications on the spatial diffusion of foreign direct investment (FDI) appeared in the 1970s-1990s. Since then, many of their provisions have been repeatedly criticised as outdated and inconsistent with empirical evidence of the current stage of globalisation. Previously, only examples of ...
The restoration of the political independence of Lithuania in the late 1980s-early 1990s: a historiographical review
... independence in the 1980s-early 1990s and the establishment of Lithuania-Russian interstate relations in the early post-Soviet years. The topic of the article serves as a context for the analysis of the sources and general trends characteristic of Russian and foreign historians.
1. Бразаускас А. Пять лет президента. События, воспоминания, мысли. М., 2002.
2. Бусыгина И. Россия и страны Балтии: формирование новых ...
The Belarus Business Environment as Assessed by the Management of Leading Finnish Companies Operating in the Country
Inward foreign investment stock has grown remarkably in Belarus. It increased tenfold since 2000 to reach over $14 billion by the end of 2012. According to the Central Bank of Belarus, Finnish firms have invested nearly $100 million in Belarus making Finland ...
Legal guarantees for international investment according to the legislation of the Russian Federation
This article analyses the notion and system of legal guarantees ensured by the foreign investments legislation, reviews its general feature, and focuses on the national regime for foreign investors,. The author draws a conclusion that the existing system of special guarantees for foreign investors is neither effective nor prudent....
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... Rosstat and the Federal Customs Service, departmental statistics and findings from expert interviews conducted by the authors. The extent and direction of changes are assessed by examining the ratios between major economic sectors, the structure of foreign trade relations, and the volume and sectoral distribution of investments. Four main ways are identified in which the sharp increase in the barrier nature of the borders between the Kaliningrad region and neighbouring countries since 2014 and especially ...
France’s strategy in the Baltic region: military and political aspects
..., not to mention regular exercises including the US Navy.
Another notable trend in this context is the growing interest of European countries not geographically located in the Baltic region. Of these countries, the French Republic stands out, as its foreign policy traditionally focuses more on the South (the Mediterranean and Africa). Under President Emmanuel Macron, France has been making efforts to pay attention to the north-eastern borders of the European Union as well. Since 2014, the French ...
Geographical structure and dynamics of foreign trade relations of the Republic of Crimea with the border countries and economic security issues
The status of the Republic of Crimea as a new border region of Russia prioritizes the study of the region's foreign economic relations. The article focuses on general and particular foreign trade indicators of the Republic of Crimea while ensuring economic security of the region. The author analyzes the features of the post-Soviet export-import operations ...
Country Competitiveness: an Empirical Study
... research, using IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook data for 55 countries in the estimation sample. This unique research applies a Multinomial Logistic procedure, and a Heckman Two-Step procedure in its accountancy for market size, exports, openness, and foreign direct investment. The business environment factors for estimation are highlighted. Also, several macro-economic modifications of the basic model specification are tested, providing further empirical analysis. Results indicate that the ten most ...
The concept of the European Union’s normative power
Traditionally, studies into a state’s foreign policy focus on the international situation and national interests of the parties. However, such approach does not completely conform to the objectives of studies into the foreign policy of the European Union – an example of unique integration ...
Framework for the Analysis of Geography of Transnational Corporations Investments Abroad
This article develops a methodology for studying the geography of companies — an area of human geography that remains understudied in Russia. The authors refer to foreign direct investment (FDI) studies to stress the importance of analysing individual transnational corporations. Special attention is paid to FDI statistics, including international statistics provided by IMF, OECD, and UNCTAD, the official data of ...
Modern Lithuanian foreign policy: the adjustment of traditional policy
The authors consider the core areas of Lithuanian foreign policy. Special attention is paid to the adjustment of the major foreign policy vector, which concentrated earlier on the cooperation with the United States of America and strategic partnership with the Republic of Poland. The article analyses ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... key factors shaping the challenges and threats that Russia faces in light of these events are analyzed. Finally, possible scenarios for the development of the situation and Russia’s reaction are built.
The study draws on a wide range of Russian and foreign authors who trace the evolution of military-political trends in the Baltic Sea region (including the question of how Helsinki and Stockholm decided to break with non-aligned politics), the ability of these two Nordic countries to contribute to ...
On some trends in the foreign vocabulary assimilation process in the modern German language
Nowadays foreign vocabulary pronunciation regardless of the language is one of the highest priority issues. This is especially urgent for the German language because foreign words, spelt in Latin alphabet, retain their orthographic image.
The article studies ...
The foreign policy of Poland and the Kaliningrad region in 1989—2012
This article sets out to analyse the role of the Kaliningrad region in the Polish foreign policy after 1989. The analysis focuses on the political and regional determinants, which had the greatest impact on the Poland-Kaliningrad region relations. The methodology used in the article is not unusual for political science and is based ...
University performance and regional development: the case of Russia’s North-West
... doctor of sciences in academic staff
k4 — number of international students enrolled in bachelor’s, specialist’s, and master’s programmes, per 100 students
k5 — number of double degree programmes per 1,000 students
k6 — number of leading foreign professors and lecturers per 1,000 students
k7 — share of full-time students enrolled in bachelor’s, specialist’s, and master’s programmes having studied abroad for at least a semester (trimester) in the total number of students
Research
...
Societal security in the Baltic Sea Region: the Russian perspective
... — at least at the level of declaration — the priority of interests of the individual and society. It also established a national security system of the newly born Russian Federation. Along with the already existing bodies such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of the Interior, Ministry of Security (later, Federal Security Service), Foreign Intelligence Service, Ministry of Environment, the Law recommended setting up a Security Council, Ministry of Defense, and several committees, including ...
German participation in the Three Seas Initiative: opportunities for Russia
... on the Three Seas Initiative was used to explore the specifics of the concept and the impact of its most promising projects on the Southeast, Central and Eastern European markets. The analysis of materials from German think tanks and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was used to demonstrate the changes in Germany’s attitude towards the Initiative. Although the participating countries have not received sufficient funding to fulfil all the ambitious goals of the Three Seas Initiative, some of its most ...
Formation of American Foreign Policy towards Poland before and in First Years of Cold War
The article analyses the mechanisms of the development of American foreign policy towards Central and Eastern Europe on the example of Poland.The author considers a number of factors that influenced the process of the foreign policy development.
1.
Печатнов В.
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The new 1948—1949 US policy towards Yugoslavia: origins and results
This article focuses on the 1948 turn in the US policy towards the Soviet-Yugoslav conflict. The author analyses the reaction of American foreign policy establishment to the Cominform resolution and the degree to which Washington understood the consequences of a split between Stalin and Tito.
1.
Совещания
Коминформа, 1947, 1948, 1949: док. и матер. М
., ...
Local border traffic as an efficient tool for developing cross-border cooperation
.... The article will be of interest to specialists in international and, particularly, in cross-border cooperation. The authors analyse the mechanism of local border traffic and identify possible trends based on the general socioeconomic situation and foreign policy background in Russia, Belarus, and the EU (Norway). The article employs the cartographic method to enhance the visual component of the study. It is concluded that the LBT mechanism is effective and it has a positive effect on the development ...
A new role of cooperation under economic sanctions as seen by residents of the Kaliningrad region
... of industrial zones in areas with a high percentage of cooperative enterprises provides implicit evidence of a connection between cooperative development and industrial production growth [7]. These trends acquire special significance amidst bans on foreign product imports and the necessity for import substitution development prompted by the imposition of sanctions [8]. Considering the role cooperation has in increasing the economic capacity of territories, analysing the prospects of such economic ...
Geography of the mobile internet in the border and interior regions of Russia
... systems [40]. Proximity to the state border, including maritime borders, facilitates the realization of international trade potential [41]. A study conducted by Savenkova et al. [42] provides substantial evidence of a direct and close relationship between foreign trade turnover and the gross regional product of Russian border regions. Furthermore, Russia’s border regions actively engage in continuous international migration, which serves as both a source of population growth and a factor contributing ...
Efficiency analysis of seaports in Russia’s Baltic basin: performance evaluation
... monitoring and evaluation of transport and logistics activities are essential [3]. Experts [4], [5] suggest that a high level of analysis accuracy promotes rational resource management and enables timely corrective actions.
The study of both domestic and foreign literature, including the examples provided in these sources [3], [6], has led to the recognition of the significant scientific and practical interest in adopting a systemic approach to analyze port activities using multiple criteria. This interest ...
A typology of the Baltic region states according to excellence in science and technology
... education institutions or any other associated with them;
— private non-profit sector (R&D (PNP)) includes private non-profit organisations such as professional, research societies, charitable organizations, charitable foundations, trade unions, etc.;
— foreign (international) sector — (foreign R&D)<3> includes all legal entities and individuals located outside the political borders of the state, excluding vehicles, ships, aerospace equipment, test sites operated by these organizations, as well ...
The danish parliament as an actor of Denmark’s foreign policy towards the EU and Russia: a comparative analysis, 2005—2019
The growing number of participants in foreign policy decision-making calls for a study of the forces affecting the behaviour of states in the international arena. In contemporary states, parliaments are increasingly challenging the exclusive prerogatives of executive power in foreign and ...
The role of native language in learning Russian as a foreign language
This article addresses the role of the native language in learning Russian as a foreign language. The author describes the role attributed to the native language by the modern methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language in the training process or preparation thereto. It is concluded that addressing the native or an intermediate ...
Foreign direct investment in North-West Russia
This article considers the socioeconomic characteristics of foreign direct investment and identifies the features of investment activities with foreign capital participation in the exclave region. The author analyses the dynamics of foreign direct investment inflow to the regions of North-West Russia and the industries ...
Evolution of International Research Cooperation models in the Contemporary Foreign Policy Environment
This article focuses on the principle models of international research and academic cooperation. The author divides international academic cooperation into periods and analyses the evolution of the connection between foreign policy and international cooperation in education and research aimed at raising the prestige and improving the position of a state in the international arena. The author focuses on the non-linear nature of periods stemming from the fact that different ...
The Role of Small Countries in Post-Soviet Territorial Restructuring: the Baltic Case
... between major players. This is especially true in the case of states that do not bear responsibility for global stability.
1. Accord between the political parties represented in the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania on strategic guidelines for the foreign, security and defence policy of the Republic of Lithuania for 2014—2020, 2014, Parliament of the Republic of ithuania, available at: http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter/w5_show?p_r=4028&p_d= 146140&p_k=2 (accessed 31.08.2014).
2. Agreement between ...
Russian-Estonian relations: a medium-term forecast
This article shows why the non-existent political dialogue between Russia and Estonia will hardly develop in the next five years and why Estonia can lose its significance for the Russian foreign policy rhetoric and Russian mass media. This conclusion is drawn from a medium-term forecast about the changing role of Estonia in Russian foreign policy. The forecast is based on the scenario methodology, which suggests that the modern means ...
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
... Moreover, there are clear similarities in the political transformation of the Republic of Poland and the Russian Federation. Since the PiS party (Pol. “Prawo i Sprawiedliwość”, Eng. “Law and Justice”) came to power, Poland has aligned its foreign and domestic policy with the values that are traditionally important to Polish society, as perceived and interpreted by the leaders of the Law and Justice (PiS) party. The foreign policy approach of the PiS is rooted in the belief that Poland ...
The peaks and troughs of Russian-Estonian relations
The world is witnessing the most profound changes of recent decades: a severe economic crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and the bitter confrontation between Russia and the West, to name a few. At the core of Russia’s foreign policy is indubitably the conflict with the West, centred around Ukraine. The member states of the EU and NATO that share a border with Russia adopted the most hard-line position, and Russia’s relations with its western neighbours have always ...
Adapting regional strategies to the new non-resource export development target
... Fields. New Social Movements. In: Larana, E. et al. (ed.) Philadelphia, Temple University Press, p. 185—208.
5. Vardomskii, L. B., Skatershchikova, E. E. 2002, Vneshneekonomicheskaya deyatel’nost’ regionov Rossii: uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov [Foreign economic activity of the regions of Russia: study guide for universities]. 320 p. (in Russ.).
6. Lado, N., Martinez-Ros, E., Valenzuela, A. 2004, Identifying successful marketing strategies by export regional destination, International marketing ...
Exclavity as a challenge and a resource for foreign positioning of the Kaliningrad region
The exclusive position of the Kaliningrad region is a fundamental geopolitical factor in its socio-economic and socio-cultural development. Given the region’s foreign positioning, exclavity is both a challenge and a resource. Guided by the principles of factor analysis, through the method of principal components, the author puts forward several theses regarding the possibilities and limitations of exclavity ...
On some challenges in teaching foreign language to visually impaired children
This article focuses on challenges in teaching a foreign language to visually impaired students. The target questions include the acquisition of meaning, concept development, as well as interpersonal and cross-cultural communication. The author proposes optional ways of overcoming these problems during ...
Project-based learning as a means of developing cognitive abilities of exchange medical students
The article presents the authors ' experience in the development and implementation of design methods to the development of cognitive abilities among foreign medical students. The main idea of the authors consists in the possibility and the need to develop foreign language students ' abilities to cognitive, emotional-evaluative and transformative activities in the learning process of Rus-skomu as a ...