The fifth wave of the European Union enlargement: pro et contra
This article analyses the principal complex of economic and political motivations of the states of Central and Eastern Europe and the EU members related to the EU enlargement towards the East. Special attention is paid to the discussion on the reasonableness of the EU enlargement and the positions of certain EU members.
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The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... proponents of joining the North Atlantic Alliance from the very beginning of the Ukraine crisis in 2014, were ex-president Martti Ahtisaari and former foreign minister Alexander Stubb.<4>
For the first time since the end of the Cold War, NATO enlargement is not taking place by adding former socialist countries constituting the Warsaw Pact, or some former Soviet republics, but by accepting states that were part of the world capitalist system but maintained a non-aligned status. It is noteworthy ...
International Migration in the Periods of Transition and Crisis: the Case of Latvia
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The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... and competencies in dealing with counterparties in the global market.
Border position and border regimes as tools to adopt to a changing geopolitical environment and their role in economic restructuring (2003—2014)
A secondary effect of the 2004 EU enlargement was the Polish-Russian border increasingly emerging as a barrier: now Kaliningraders needed a visa and an international passport to visit the neighbouring country. As early as 2003, the number of crossings of the Russian—Polish border ...
Trade Liberalisation and its Impact on Regional Development: Theoretical and Experimental Studies
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Polish-Russian Small Border Traffic in the Context of Russia-EU Relations
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Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... geopolitical region. The region’s stable geopolitical relations of cooperation remained conspicuous in the vast space of the ‘Eurasian arc of instability’, which runs through several conflict regions in the post-Soviet space [14].
However, NATO’s enlargement, which has been a source of conflict since the late 1990s, the geopolitical fracture of Ukraine in 2014, marked by Crimea’s integration into Russia, and, since 2002, the special military operation has had negative geopolitical and geo-economic ...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
... Germany supported the accession of Lithuania and other Baltic republics to NATO and the EU (the countries became their member states in 2004).
Germany used the format B3 + 1 to discuss rather important security questions with the Baltic states. After the enlargement of NATO, these countries asked for guarantees from Germany. Already in 2004, Germany supported the NATO Baltic Air Policing mission,<3> Standing NATO Maritime Group 1 (SNMG 1) and Standing NATO Mine Countermeasures Group 1 (SNMCG 1)....
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
... particular importance for Russia. Currently, these areas are experiencing rapid development, evident not only in the escalating trade turnover with nations supportive of Russia but also in the rising investments directed toward projects facilitating the enlargement of foreign trade relations in the southern and eastern regions of Russia. This includes the construction of new ports, the expansion of existing ones, the enhancement of border crossings, the augmentation of transport route capacities, and ...
The geopolitical effect of the maritime factor on the spatial development of post-Soviet Russia: the Baltic case
... the Russian Baltic area
Closely linked to Eurointegration, the formation of the Baltic region as a transboundary maritime entity spanned almost the whole post-Soviet period [43], [44], [45]. In the military-political sphere, it was accompanied by the enlargement of NATO. Russian coastal territories participated in the so-called Baltic integration in the capacity of a ‘friendly alien’, a periphery, a space of globalist expansion and the principal transport corridor within the Russia—West system....
Modern trends in paradiplomacy: a case of Russian-Finnish regional cooperation
... and the EU, particularly the regions of Finland. In our research, we view cross-border cooperation as a form of paradiplomacy and define it as a type of coordinated actions aimed at strengthening relations between neighbouring regions.
After the EU enlargement in 2004, the European authorities questioned how to build up relations with new neighbours. At that moment, the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) emerged to create a common economic, cultural, and social space based on shared interests with ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... strategy 2022’s European allegiance, which was strongly reinforced after 24 February 2022, reflecting the country’s ambition to exploit the ‘super-Europeanism’ niche amidst the European security crisis. Denmark’s earlier scepticism about the EU enlargement was replaced in strategy 2023 by the statement of the need to prepare new members to accession: ‘[t]he prospect is an EU with well over 30 member states’.<35> Rasmussen assistance to Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia in taking the ‘European ...
Societal security in the Baltic Sea Region: the Russian perspective
... 2000, in principle retained the focus on internal threats to Russia’s national security and kept the description of societal security challenges similar to the those conceptualized in 1997, although some external threats, such as NATO’s eastward enlargement and its aggressive behaviour on the Balkans were also identified. The 2000 doctrine linked the internal threat of terrorism and separatism (clearly with Chechnya in mind) to external threats: it argued that international terrorism involved ...
The Ethics of the Categorical Imperative. Lossky under the Influence of Kant
... ethical field the Russian philosopher’s comments on Kant have passed largely unnoticed. My task is to reveal the link between Kant’s practical philosophy and Lossky’s ethics. A demonstration of the degree of Kant’s influence in this field will enlarge and concretise the current thinking about Lossky’s perception of Kant. We are looking at a whole range of parallels and borrowings. My comparative analysis focuses on the following aspects: 1) definition and uses of the term “categorical imperative”,...
Ethnic minority organisations in Russia and Poland: a comparison challenge
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The Republic of Belarus and the Kaliningrad region of Russia as a sub-regional security complex
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Regional trends in electoral support for Latvian parties: the neighbourhood effect
The article analyses the neighbourhood effect in the voting behaviour of the Latvians at the four recent parliamentary elections, the ethnic and national leaning of parties considered. The study expands a set of electoral geography tools by adding modern techniques of spatial analysis as well as by increasing the knowledge on the position of the Russian speakers within Latvia’s political party landscape. The research aims to evaluate the role of the neighbourhood effect at Latvian elections and...
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The evolution of US political priorities in the Baltic sea region in the 2010s
... end of the Cold War caused the United States to revise its priorities in that part of the world. The process became especially apparent in the second decade of the 21st century when the Ukraine crisis brought to light the consequences of NATO and EU enlargement to the former Warsaw Treaty allies and the Baltic States. This article shows how the US, motivated by the need to ‘contain’ Russia, was developing its overall approaches to ensuring its political leadership in the Baltic region. It demonstrates ...
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NATO Policies in the Baltics: Objectives and Priorities
... the Baltic states from the Russian threat. Special attention is paid to the attempts of Western military strategists to encourage the neutral Nordic states — Sweden and Finland — to accede to NATO. This would lead to the organisation’s northern enlargement. The current situation suggests that to ease tension in the Baltic Sea region Russia has not only to respond adequately to emerging military threats but also to launch an awareness campaign to explain its position and dispel the myth about ...
On trends in the development of cross-border cooperation in the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation
In this article, I examine trends in the development of cross-border cooperation between the Kaliningrad Region of the Russian Federation and the Republics of Lithuania and Poland within a range of cross-border cooperation programmes. I analyse all the projects approved within three cross-border cooperation projects over the past ten years. I focus on the projects that were successfully completed by the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University — a key actor in cooperation. I examine collaborations...
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Estimating the accuracy of standard volume calculations using liver volumetry
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Coalition Within a Coalition: The Baltics in the European Union
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Latvia in the System of European Territorial Security: a View from the Inside and Outside
This article focuses on Latvian contribution to European security, which, for the purposes of this study, is understood as a territorial system of regional security. Such system is a combination of interconnected institutions with Latvian participation operating in the field of security, Latvian cooperation with other European countries in the field of security, and the European perception of major security challenges and threats (that Latvia may or may not agree with). A systemic approach to studying...
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The features of EU energy strategy in the Baltic region
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