Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
... of a new brigade named ‘Žemaitija’ (also known as ‘Griffin’), in addition to the already existing ‘Iron Wolf brigade. Additionally, the ‘Aukštaitija’ brigade was reorganized In May 2023, these three brigades came under the control of division headquarters. To provide context for comparison, the Estonian armed forces grew by 10 %, while the Latvian armed forces experienced a growth of up to 65 % (Table 2). The Estonian armed forces saw the addition of a new cropped brigade (in addition ...
The two-party tendency in Poland’s political system: manifestations, causes and prospects
... second, the parties were confidently expected to establish a wide coalition. The deal between PiS and right wing populists to form a coalition government and the contentious presidential election of 2005 marked the beginning of political and ideological division between the two parties.
Later, this division grew even deeper. The Smolensk air disaster, which killed President Lech Kaczyński and members of his team, drew a wedge between the new leader of PiS Jarosław Kaczyński, the brother of the late ...
An elementary solving of cubic Diophantine equations
... is presented. The full solving for all values s is received.
1. Айерлэнд К., Роузен М. Классическое введение в современную теорию чисел. М., 1987.
2. Cao Z. F. Diophantine equations and divisibility of class number of real quadratic fields // Acta Mathematica, Sinica. 1994. Vol. 37. P. 625—631.
3. Dong X. L., Cao Z. F. Diophantine Equations and Class Numbers of Real Quadratic Fields // Acta Arithmetica, XCVII. 2001. Vol. 4. P. 313—328....
Evangelical Lutheran church of Denmark: socio-economic and territorial-organisational aspects
... typically used in regional studies, such as concentration index.
These methods were employed within the framework of a territorial-institutional approach to studying denominational space, which involved selecting various units of the church administrative division as the basis for chronological research. An alternative option could be the religious landscape as a whole. However, given the strict structure of the Church of Denmark, which consists of hierarchically subordinate elements, the mentioned approach ...
A typology of the Baltic region states according to excellence in science and technology
... [17], [18].
Within the knowledge capital model, researchers analyze knowledge, skills and qualifications of labour resources [19], including management skills as the main development factor. The typology here is based on the cost of the geographical division of functions (‘fragmentation cost’) [20], concentrated on the level of training [21]. These studies assume that excessive specialization of regions leads to a reduction in the well-being of the population [22], and, consequently, to a drop ...
Reputation core of Russian authorities: the case of the regional level of executive power
... integrating characteristic). Operational attributes are related to functional characteristics that reflect the scope and main types of activities of authorities and their effectiveness/efficiency (an integrating characteristic). This rather tentative division, however, makes it possible to determine the degree of importance of the value-based (institutional set) or pragmatic (operational, activity-based) content of the concept of reputation. It is assumed that the content of the concepts ‘reputation ...
Self-knowledge of Reason as a vital phenomenon in Kant’s transcendental dialectic
This study attempts to interpret the process of self-knowledge of reason in the transcendental dialectic as a vital phenomena. In the transcendental dialectic, a thesis and antithesis arises from the division of reason, which can not happen in the death of reason. Dogmatism and skepticism, which had been derived from a division of reason, have formed the history of philosophy. The disputes between the thesis and the antithesis, or the dogmatism and ...
A review of the existing generalizations of the Deuring Reduction Theorem
The article is focused on various generalizations of the Deuring Reduction Theorem. Our research proves that the most appropriate theorem for further elaboration is the one that relates the decomposition of pK into prime ideals with the decomposition of A[p] into indecomposable BT1-group schemes up to isomorphism. The article investigates basic problems of the theorem's further generalization and some ways of solving them as well as formulates tasks for further work in this direction.
1. Benger...
Models for countering the segregation of ethnoreligious immigrant areas in Denmark and Sweden
... immigrant families in more prosperous areas, as well as the improving the ghettos infrastructure and the increasing their attractiveness to the Danes. Nevertheless, these actions were also not effective against the background of the increasing territorial division of Danish cities and the marginalization of ghetto residents.
At the same time, the Danish government’s systematic tightening of immigration policy contributed to positive dynamics in the labour market for non-Western migrants and their descendants ...
Estonian ‘Balticness’ as a social construct: meanings and contextual specifics
... Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian leaders tend to position their states as Nordic countries [13], see also [14]. And they have achieved notable success in terms of international legitimation: in January 2017, the updated website of the UN Statistics Division categorised the three republics as Nordic states, much to the approval of Baltic politicians.<3>
Of all the three states, Estonia has the most articulated position in denying the existence of a ‘Baltic identity’. That is why the country ...
Transzendentalphilosophie als kritische Bestimmung des Standpunkts. Eine wissenschaftstheoretische Annäherung
... develops in the “Transcendental Dialectic” an expanded concept of the transcendental. The transcendental ideas do not denote object-constitutive principles but, in a weaker sense, conditions of the possibility of experience. The relation between Division One and Division Two of the “Doctrine of Elements” can be demonstrated exemplarily with regard to Kant’s references to astronomy. Based on the constitutive principles of understanding, which are directed towards the field of possible experience ...
Analysis of Algorithms for Computing in Jacobian of a Picard Curve
In this article a representation of the elements of the Jacobian of a Picard curve is considered, which allows us to construct an algorithm for the reduction of divisors with complexity O(deg(D)). Addition of divisors can be performed using the reduction algorithm.
1. Barreirol E. R., Sarlabous J. E., Cherdieu J.-P. Efficient Reduction on the Jacobian Variety of Picard Curves // Coding Theory, Cryptography and Related Areas. 1998. P. 13—28.
2. Sarlabous J. E., Barreirol E. R., Barceló...
August 1914: the tragedy of the 72nd infantry division in East Prussia
The article examines the course and outcome of the operations of the 1st Russian Army during the second stage of the East Prussian offensive in August 1914. The author used the example of an infantry division to analyse its combat operations in the battles in East Prussia and its disbandment following the operation. The failure of the Russian invasion to Germany at the beginning of the First World War led to the disbandment of two divisions that ...
On logical errors in Kant's table of judgements
This article focuses on the logical inconsistency of Kant's classification of judgements presented in the "Critique of pure reason". The author shows how Kant's division of judgements violates elementary logical rules. The article analyses an earlier attempt by G. Ryle to detect logical errors in the table of judgements. It is shown that the correct divisions were not unfamiliar to the 18th century German logic,...
Population Ageing as a Sociodemographic Problem in the Baltic Region
... region until the end of the century. A more detailed population analysis and forecast is provided for the case of the Baltic States — Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The authors use Bayesian probabilistic predictions based on data from the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Principle research methods include multi-factor simulation modelling; some findings are presented on schematic maps. The study shows that by the end of the century the highest ...
The democratic aspects of the notions of "general will" in the social philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant, and Sergey Gessen
... between general will and democracy in the philosophical systems of J.-J. Rousseau and I. Kant, their influence on the concept of general will, and its connection with democracy in the philosophy of S. Gessen. The author compares the classical system of division of powers, supported by J.-J.Rousseau and I. Kant, and the new system proposed by S. Gessen.
1.
Гессен С.
И.
Идея нации // Избр. соч. М., 1998.
2.
Его же.
Политическая свобода ...
Lutheranism in Finland: past and present
... structure of the Lutheran church of Finland. A decrease in the number of Lutherans is accompanied by the closure or merger of the church primary territorial units - parishes. Probably, this process will be followed by the transformation of the diocesan division.
1. Danilevskij, N.Ya, 1991, Rossiya i Evropa [Russia and Europe], Moscow, p. 472.
2. Konstituciya Finlyandii [The Constitution of Finland], available at: http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1999/ru19990731.pdf (accessed 15 Apr 2015)....
Key Directions of Sectoral and Spatial Changes in the Russian Industry
... trends in national production. The article seeks to draw attention to the methodology of developing and implementing industrial policy and devising an algorithm of effective transition of Russian industries in the modern conditions of international division of labor. The modernization and transnationalization of national production rests on a number of methods that make it possible for the corporate management to react rapidly to changes in the global market situation. These methods include strategic ...
International cross-border migration in the South-East Baltic: factors, structure, consequences
... Database of Indicators.Statistics Lithuania. [online] Available at: <http://db1.stat.gov.lt/ statbank/SelectTable/omrade0.asp?SubjectCode=S3&PLanguage=1&ShowNews=OFF> (Accessed 13 Oktober 2010).
15. Population. Size and Structure by Territorial division. As of December 31,2008 // Central Statistical Office. Warszawa, 2009; Population. Size and Structure by Territorial division. As of December 31, 2009 // Central Statistical Office. Warszawa, 2010. [online] Available at: <http://www.stat....
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... the West Baltic (capitalist) and the East Baltic (socialist). West Germany, supported by Western allies, and the USSR became the integrative geopolitical poles in the Baltic space. The Baltic region underwent a military-political and geo-economic division, with territories aligning with NATO/Warsaw Pact or EU/Comecon. During this period, the Baltic region had a paramount geoeconomic role for the USSR: the share of the region’s countries in the bilateral trade of the Union amounted to 29 %. Although ...
Mass, Community, Communion
....
Cramer, R., 1986. Eléments biographiques et bibliographiques pour une étude de l’apport de Georges Gurvitch à la théorie et à la sociologie du droit. Droit et société, 4, pp. 373-380.
https://doi.org/10.3406/dre
so.1986.931
Durkheim E. Division of Labour in Society. 2nd Edition. Edited and with a new introduction by S. Lukes. Translation by W. D. Halls. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
Faris, E., 1937. The Nature of Human Nature. New York & London: McGraw Hill Book ...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... unsolvable problem for municipalities. Even for regions, it can be estimated only approximately (part of the OKVED sections, such as health care, education, etc., is traditionally considered predominantly public, the other part — private, although this division is very rough). In addition, Accounting Statements data do not reflect the employment information.
In the analysis of territorial discrepancies, inaccuracies in revenue data emerge due to the apparent practice of accounting for branches of legal ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... detailed plans in conditions of uncertainty, the strategic objectives are clear: overcoming critical dependence of certain industries and enterprises on imports, developing high-tech industries, and ensuring more active participation in the national division of labour.
The study was supported by Russian Science Foundation project № 22-17-00263 Effects and Functions of Borders in the Spatial Organization of Russian Society: Country, Region, Municipality. Data analysis for 1991—1993 was carried ...
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
... 2022—2023, and its ability to quickly find new directions for trade relations. In addition, the Russian authorities plan to continue to provide broad financial and institutional support to both the entire national transport complex and its Baltic divisions. Moreover, as noted above, many domestic large companies also intend to develop their activities in the Baltic direction, primarily with the aim of expanding export supplies.
The relative weaknesses of the transport complex in the Baltic include ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... influence due to the expansion of the EU and NATO — have led Denmark to embrace the historical lesson of the duty to ‘fight for freedom and peace’ instead of letting others do it for them
Denmark’s strategic culture is defined by the alternating division and consensus in Denmark’s domestic politics between proponents of ‘cosmopolitanism’, who believe in Scandinavian uniqueness, moralism, and non-military foreign policy tools, considering military force as useless, on the one hand, and advocates ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... an interesting formula, “a coalition within a coalition”, which perfectly describes this situation [1, p. 7—26].
There are objective geographical, economic and political prerequisites for the existence of European sub-regions. The traditional division of Europe into sub-regions includes western, eastern Europe and northen Europe among many others. Political factors, taken in their historical dynamics, led to the emergence of two relatively new groupings, which are the object of this study ...
Expansionism in Poland’s strategic culture: historical retrospective and variations
... rendering it impossible to achieve a substantial level of detail.
Conclusions for modern Poland
The literature tends to offer a two-tier classification of Poland’s foreign political behaviour, based on the geographically and socioculturally contingent division into the Piast and Jagiellonian traditions. My foreign policy analysis goes beyond the framework of geographical priorities (Western in the case of the Piast dynasty and Eastern in the case of the Jagiellons) and focuses on the thematic and functional ...
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
... Legnica-Gloga copper district (pol. Legnicko-Głogowski Okręg Miedziowy, LGOM) occupies a significant part of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship which geographically largely coincides with the Legnica Voivodeship existing between 1975 and 1998. The then division into voivodeships, much more fractional than the current one, generally corresponded to Poland’s economic and geographical zoning. The principal city of this area is Legnica, the command and a large garrison of the Soviet Northern Group of ...
From Kant to Frank: The Ethic of Duty and the Problem of Resistance to Evil in Russian Thought
... instituta. (In Rus.)
Gelfond, M. L., 2008. Critique of Tolstoy’s Doctrine of Non-Resistance to Evil by Violence in Russian Religious-Philosophical Thought in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries: Three Main Arguments. In: Theoretical Workshop of the Division of Ethics of the Institute of Philosophy RAS, Moscow. Available at:
https://iphras.ru/uplfile/ethics/seminar/gelfond_q.html
(accessed 15 November 2022). (In Rus.)
Guseinov, A. A., 2014. Non-resistance to Evil by Force. In: A. A. Gusejnov and ...
Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development
... towns by supporting local SME projects and investing in infrastructure. This assistance, however, is not sufficient for stimulating development, i. e. creating new jobs or launching mid- and high-tech businesses within the national and international division of labour. There is a need for targeted public investment in the form of private-public partnership and giving the towns, as well as municipal and regional authorities, greater autonomy and flexibility as regards town planning and looking for ...
Lifestyles of Kaliningrad youth
... aesthetics in the modern social order, Stanford University Press.
24. Roberts, K. 2006, Leisure in contemporary society, Wallingford, Oxon, CABI Publishing.
25. Shildrick, T., MacDonald, R. 2006, In defence of subculture: young people, leisure and social divisions, Journal of youth studies, vol. 9, № 2, p. 125—140,
https://doi.org/10.1080/13676260600635599
.
26. Omelchenko, E. L. 2013, Solidarity and Cultural Practices of Russian Youth at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Theoretical Context, Sotsiologicheskie ...
The Republic of Belarus and the Kaliningrad region of Russia as a sub-regional security complex
... and American surveillance aircraft circle Kaliningrad, UK Defence Journal, October 3, 2021, URL:
https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/british-and-american-surveillance-aircraft-circle-kaliningrad/
(accessed 20.06.2022).
39. Zverev, Yu. 2018, New Polish division: Warsaw provokes an “arms race” near the borders of Belarus and Russia, Evraziya.Ekspert, September 25, 2018, URL:
https://eurasia.expert/novaya-polskaya-diviziya-varshava-belarusi/
(accessed 20.06.2022) (in Russ.).
40. Gustafsson, J. 2020,...
Dialektik als Logik des Scheins. Zu Kants Lektüre von Michael Piccarts Isagoge
... Kant’s, a conceptual case-study is elaborated with Kant’s critical distinction between analytics as a “logic of truth” (KrV, B 85) and dialectics as a “logic of illusion” (KrV, B 86). Hereby, dialectics is understood as part of an Aristotelian division of logic in analytics, dialectics and sophistics (Königsberg/Rabe versus Altdorf/Piccart). As will be shown by the paradigmatic case of the famous Königsbergian proponent of Aristotelianism, Paul Rabe, Kant cannot have received the suggestion ...
Classification of subjects of legal relations on the Internt
... for such a classification, its justification and further development. The author relied on formal legal, comparative legal, and general logical methods of scientific research, subsequently worked out a classification of subjects based on functional division and drew attention to several problematic issues related to the activities of some subjects.
Georgiev I.V.
subjects of law, Internet, legal relationship, contract, user
26-33
Between the Eurasian and European subsystems: migration and migration policy in the CIS and Baltic Countries in the 1990s—2020s
....pragueprocess.eu/en/migration-observatory/publications/document?id=250
(accessed 15.02.2022).
63. Birka, I. 2019, Latvia’s population could shrink by 22 percent, Lithuania and Estonia could decline by 17 percent and 13 percent, respectively, UN Population Division forecast by 2050.
64. Ainsaar, M., Roots, A. 2020, Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Estonia 137—149. In: Lafleur, J.-M., Vintila, D. (eds.), Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond, vol. 1, IMISCOE Research Series. doi: ...
Analysing the dynamics of the Baltic States’s production linkages with Russia
Russia and the Baltic States have a long-standing relationship of industrial specialisation, cooperation, division of labour and trade exchange, all dating back to the Soviet Union. Today, this relationship is facing a tough test amid political and ideological challenges and risks. The last two years have seen a profound and large-scale crisis caused by ...
On the forms of manifestation of the magical function of language
... certain stages of development of society, as well as its social organisation. Thus, we define the isomorphism of the linguistic and social structures of the Australian aborigines. In Indo-European languages, taxonomies of gender go back to primary divisions into stems defined as active/animate and inactive/inanimate. The article shows that animate / inanimate is influenced by the stage of animism.
Austin, J. L., 2006. Performative statements. In:
Tri sposoba prolit' chernila
[Three Ways ...
On the functional definition of concepts and linguistic meanings: the embodied/grounded approach
... interaction with it — strictly defines the concept and the category set by it. The percept — the appearance of the object — allows one to quickly hypothesize which category this object belongs to. Based on the function of the concept and the division of this function into parts (private functions), it becomes possible to construct, instead of one generic concept (and one lexical meaning associated with it), an ontogenetic concept (ontoconcept) as three age-related variants of the concept ...
The closed piecewise uniform string revisited
.... Milton K. A., Kalauni P., Parashar P., Li Y. Remarks on the Casimir self-entropy of a spherical electromagnetic -function shell // Phys. Rev. 2019. Vol. D99 (4). 045013.
30. Brevik I., Nielsen H. B. Casimir Theory for the Piecewise Uniform String: Division into 2N Pieces // Phys. Rev. D. 1995. Vol. 51 (4). P. 1869—1874.
31. Brevik I., Bytsenko A. A., Nielsen H. B. Thermodynamic properties of the piecewise uniform string // Classical and Quantum Gravity. 1998. Vol. 15 (11). P. 3383—3395.
Bordag ...
Onomastic component of a linguistic identity of a Russian military officer
... image of a bearer of knowledge, models of behavior and reactions, cultural-linguistic and communicative-activity values. The vocabulary activated in communication is considered from the point of view of stylistic differentiation, as well as in its division into common and proper names. Onyms are presented as linguoculturological units that make up a special sign system. The author proposes the application of the concept of onomastic space to a community and gives a detailed description of various ...
Finite-difference-steepest descent paradigm: new numerical method of Fockian spectral problem
A new numerical method that unify finite-difference and the method of steepest descent paradigms is suggested. It allows to avoid the wavefuncions space and spin variables division, that leads to superposition in spin projection stacionary states. The approach is verified by comparison with conventional methods.
Kshevetskii S. P.
Hartree — Fock equation, Fockian, wavefunction, Hamiltonian, electron, exchange
...
On the problem of evaluating the accuracy of di-agnostics of wave disturbances carried out using the technique of projection operators
... defines both a function reconstruction and its error, which also include the measurements errors. The results we apply to the problems of reconstruction of initial or boundary conditions for 1D wave equation, that imply the procedure of directed waves division.
Vereshchagina I. S., Vereshchagin S. D.
atmosphere, diagnostics of disturbances, projection operators, math modeling
43-50
Hysteresis loops for a bulk ferromagnetic by Heisenberg model
In a framework of Heisenberg theory, that link quantum-statistical description taking Gauss distribution into account, explicit form is obtained by permutations group theory, the division paramagnetic/ferromagnetic is studied. The magnetization curves are built for a given set of parameters, such as exchange integral, number of closest neighbours and temperature. In a special range of the parameters a transition from unique ...
Georges Gurvitch and Sergey Hessen on the Possibility of Forming Social Unity
... Review, 21(1), pp. 17-34.
Durkheim, E., 1982. The Rules of Sociological Method. In: E. Durkheim, 1982. The Rules of Sociological Method: And Selected Texts on Sociology and its Method. New York, London et al.: Free Press, pp. 1-163.
Durkheim, E., 2013. Division of Labour in Society. 2nd Edition. Edited and with a new introduction by S. Lukes. Translation by W. D. Halls. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ehrlich, E., 1913. Fundamental Principles of the Sociology of Law. Translated by W. L. ...
Revisiting the Maxim-Law Dynamic in the Light of Kant’s Theory of Action
A stable classification of practical principles into mutually exclusive types is foundational to Kant’s moral theory. Yet, other than a few brief hints on the distinction between maxims and laws, he does not provide any elaborate discussion on the classification and the types of practical principles in his works. This has led Onora O’Neill and Lewis Beck to reinterpret Kant’s classification of practical principles in a way that would clarify the conceptual connection between maxims and laws...
Marine Spatial Planning: Theoretical Aspects
... zoning. In this article, I explore the key MSP stages — from identifying the panning object to evaluating the natural resource potential and performing calculations for relevant aquaterritorial structures. The basic principles of the geographical division of marine geosystems are the following ones: identifying relatively integrated marine sectors and relatively integrated coastal sectors and connecting them into a single whole. A hierarchical approach is key to transboundary marine basins. I ...
Equivocality in Delineating the Borders of a Cluster: The Baltic’s Case
... technological, social, and cognitive proximities. Combinations of these proximities create the unique mosaic of a regional milieu. Geographical proximity translates into the boundaries of spatial networks, which rarely follow the existing administrative divisions. Thus, the identification of spatial networks is becoming the focus of regional governance. This article is part of a complex study on equivocality in identifying the boundaries of spatial networking. In this work, we pay particular attention ...
An early edition of Andrey Bolotov’s memoirs (from the archives and manuscripts section of the State Historical Museum)
... (No. 349) in the Archives and manuscripts section of the State Historical Museum contain a manuscript of Bolotov’s memoirs entitled “Part 2”. It differs significantly in its essential characteristics (paper, design, size, composition, title, division into sections, etc.) from most manuscripts of Bolotov’s memoirs. The study presents a textual analysis of this manuscript and compares it with the text of memoirs published by Mikhail Semevsky, — the most complete printed edition of The Life ...
Parliament and law-making: modern understanding of the role of parliamentary procedures and laws in transforming society
... in some countries and in others - the widespread "legitimization" of government policy in the sphere of legal norms. The author has identified the reasons for a decrease in trust to parliaments, which no longer play a decisive role in the division of power, being forced aside by the executive authorities. Today the regulatory function of parliament is narrowed to the elaboration of legislation regulating, widely speaking, the standing of both individuals and corporations in all kinds ...
Acceleration of Computations in Jacobian Hyperelliptic Curve
In article is stated the method of acceleration of procedures of addition and doubling points Jacobian of a hyperelliptic curve in affine and projective coordinates. Corresponding modified Miller algorithms are developed. In affine coordinates an expense for group operation of doubling there are more than expenses for group operation of addition, therefore it is more favorable to realize consistently two additions, than doubling and addition. Estimations of efficiency of the modified algorithms...