Confiscation Estonian style: legal and political aspects of potential seizure of Russian assets in EU countries
The possible confiscation of Russian assets by Western countries is one of the serious challenges to modern international law and the system of international relations. Since the greater part of the frozen assets is under the jurisdiction of EU countries, special attention should be paid to studying mechanisms for the use of Russian assets within the EU. The purpose of this article is to identify the key characteristics of the EU’s approaches to the use of frozen Russian assets, determine their...
The principle of mutual recognition of court orders within legal cooperation on criminal cases in the European Union
This article considers particular problems of cooperation on criminal matters in the European Union using the example of the European Arrest Warrant and European Evidence Warrant.
1.
Treaty
on the functioning of the European Union, consolidated version //
Official Journal.
C 115.
9.5.2008.
2.
Presidency
Conclusions, Tampere European Council 15 and 16 October 1999. URL
:
http
://
presidency
.
finland
.
fi
/
doc
/
liite
/
treconen
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rtf
(дата обращения: 26.09.2011).
3.
Programme...
The EU Vs. Russia: Legal Nature and Implementation of the Union’s Restrictive Measures
The author proposes his take on the EU sanctions against Russia. He aims to understand the legal nature of the EU restrictions, the exact procedure of their implementation, revision, and repeal, as well as their judicial review. To this end, he proposes a system of sanction classification, analyses current EU legislation on the imposition and implementation of sanctions, as well as the case law on the sanction policy. The author also examines EU sanctions imposed on other countries and compares them...
Legal aspects of the EU policy on irregular immigration
This article addresses the issues pertaining to the adoption and development of legislation on irregular migration in the context of uncontrolled growth in the number of immigrants from North Africa and the Middle East to the EU. The article attempts at studying the EU legislation on irregular migration, classifying it, and analysing the prospects of EU migration legislation in the light of an increase in irregular immigration into the EU. The author systematises, classifies the current EU legislation...
Civil protection in the EU and its effect on the safety of the Baltic region
This article describes civil protection activities of the EU in the framework of the Community Civil Protection Mechanism — a system for coordinating civil protection resources and in-kind assistance to countries stricken by natural and manmade disasters. By analyzing the legislation and actual activation of the Mechanism, the authors present the functioning of this system as well as the ongoing changes towards a more planned approach to providing civil protection. The authors address the issue...
Evaluating the impact of integration processes on the ethnopolitical competition of languages in the Baltic Region
In the literature, the impact of integration processes on language learning and usage is traditionally evaluated either through the prism of sociolinguistics or soft power. This article proposes a new conceptual approach based on measuring various aspects of competition between languages by the language integration and monopolization indices, on the one hand, and the polylingualism coefficient, on the other. The approach is applied to the situation in the Baltic Sea region of the EU. The article...
Research of an self-organising effect in decision support computer systems on example of multi-agent systems
A creation of decision support self-organising intellectual computer system based on the analysis of an interaction between participants on example of multi-agent system is considered. The universal structure of system implementing proposed method is presented. The results of testing different types of architectures for probability of arising of the synergetic effect and estimation of its impact on the quality of solutions to complex problems are given.
1.
Schillo
M
.,
Fley
B
.,
Florian
M...
Human Resources of Post-war Lithuania and Their Role in the Rebuilding of Klaipeda
This article focuses on the issues of post-WWII economic restoration effort in the Soviet Lithuania. German occupation of the republic caused significant damage to its industry and agriculture. Pre-war Lithuania was an agrarian state aspiring to embark on an industrial-agrarian path of development. After the war, this aspiration did not only persist, but was intensified. To reach this objective, however, Lithuania required qualified workforce. Before the war, hardly any attention was paid to the...
The development of cooperation between the European Union and Russia on migration issues: from „the „common spaces” to the actual implementation
EU-Russia cooperation has experienced problems in many areas. Nevertheless, cooperation in the field of migration proves to be successful. Through analyzing the EU-Russia migration agenda from the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (1997) to the Roadmap for the Common Space on Freedom, Security and Justice (2005), the article assesses the main results of its implementation, such as the Readmission and Visa Facilitation agreements. Moreover, it stresses the role of Russia as an agenda-setter of...
The prejudicial significance of decisions in Russian judicial proceedings
Prejudice is one of the most problematic procedural institutions. It substantiates the inviolability of the facts established by a judicial act that has entered into legal force. At the same time, the issue of the intersectoral nature of prejudice is relatively new for domestic science and requires close research, taking into account the specifics of various branches of legal proceedings. This issue is of particular importance in criminal proceedings, where the verdict can be based on the conclusions...
Modeling of the image of the problem situation of medical diagnostics: challenges and state of the question
The paper considers the topicality and challenges of the approach for improving the quality of diagnosis by modelling of the image of diagnostics medical problem as an imitation of integrated combined visual-figurative and verbal-sign representations of the diagnostic problem by experts, and also by modelling collective restructuring of the reduced representation of the problem according to the conception of the council using hybrid intelligent systems as diagnostic decision support systems...
A semiotic approach to construction of information systems in the field of security
The paper is devoted to issues of semiotic approach for the design of information security systems, based on knowledge extraction from semistructured sources. The problems of developing of optimal variants for the prevention of threats to decision support systems. The technique continuous monitoring of text messages, identify the events and situations and develop scenarios possible development of crisis situations is proposed.
1. Стратегия национальной безопасности...
Problems of information security of the firm (manufacture) and a way of their decision
Problems of information security of the firm (manufacture) are considered. Their decision assumes studying of forms, ways and methods of revealing and the danger prevention in information sphere, and also the optimal control of system of maintenance of information security and a rational choice of protection tools of the confidential information.
1. Доктрина информационной безопасности РФ [Электронный ресурс]: [Российская газета]...
The decision of problems of designing on the basis of hybrid genetic algorithms
The hybrid algorithm of the decision of problems of a design of elements of digital techniques is presented. Statement of a considered optimizing problem is formulated. The description developed heuristics, operators and search strategy is resulted. The generalized schemes of search of optimum decisions are given. The basic results of computing experiments are resulted
1. Норенков И. П. Основы автоматизированного проектирования. М., 2006.
2. Гладков...
The Theoretic Basis of Decision a Problem of Operational Industrial Planning with Taking into Account Coordination
A problem of operational industrial planning at а machine-building enterprise with custom-made, small-scale character of manufacture is considered, and an approach to decision of similar problems on the basis of methodology of functional hybrid intellectual systems with coordination is described.
1.
Тарасов В. Б.
Причины возникновения и особенности организации предприятия нового типа // Проблемы теории...
Historical memory in the age of globalization: the case of Russian- Estonian relations
This article contributes to the discussion within the "Towards the Common Past" international academic network bringing together scholars from Russia, the Baltic States and the Nordic countries. It assesses the relationship between globalization and historical memory, thus contributing to the discussion on globalization and the roles and applications of history. On the basis of an analysis of academic discourses on globalization and historical memory, the author arrives at two conclusions...
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
Economic sanctions and countersanctions are expanding worldwide, posing spatially heterogeneous threats to most countries. The study aims to develop and test a methodology for assessing regional exposure to sanctions risks using Russian data. The share of foreign trade with the countries that introduced restrictions can be used to evaluate the exposure to new trade barriers. In several cases, this share exceeded 50 %, necessitating a rapid reorientation of product flows in Nenets, Khanty-Mansiysk...
Theoretical aspects of the model for the formation of legal competence of a specialist in the senior crews officers in a maritime university
Theoretical justification for the model of legal competence formation for senior crew officers is based on a competency-based approach, particularly relevant in the context of legal training for naval cadets. The proposed component structure of the model for legal competence formation for senior ship specialists not only allows for defining the content of legal disciplines but also developing criteria for assessing the professional and personal qualities of cadets that influence their legal...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
This study examines the features, limitations and development prospects of three Russian territories bordering the Baltic Sea — St. Petersburg, and the Leningrad, and Kaliningrad region — amid the sharply heightened confrontation between Russia and the West, which has affected the Baltic region. The time frame spanning from 2014 to 2023 was chosen for the study. This period encompasses the sanctions imposed by Western countries and their associations, primarily the EU, in response to the return...
Forensic aspects of cyberbullying as a form of destructive behavior on the Internet
The article analyzes the criminological aspects of the cyberbullying phenomenon as a form of destructive behavior on the Internet. The authors take criminological approach in considering the psychological characteristics of such behavior, as well as forms and types of its manifestation. The research described the most socially dangerous forms of cyberbullying, carried out the problem analysis of existing methods of prevention and counteraction to cyberbullying in modern science. The problems of investigation...
Media images of the Kaliningrad region in the structure of migration attitudes of millennials and the reform generation
This article explores the role of a regional media image on migration attitudes. Attention is drawn to the Kaliningrad region, a Russian exclave whose population growth is solely due to migration. The study aims to determine how the media images of Kaliningrad affect the decision to move. The research draws on Radaev’s concept of generations. It uses 2014—2018 regional and national publications about the Kaliningrad region (N=1913) and semi-structured interviews with informants (N=44). The research...
Intellectualization of operational and technological control of regional electric power by cognitive hybrid intelligent systems. Part 4
Because of the diversity and uncertainty of information, the creation of new effective, integrated models of knowledge representations and cognitive modeling of the mechanisms of conceptualization, categorization, transformation, naming and deformation of operational images of situations and states have become particularly acute. Visualization of spatial and temporal relations on resources and actions to express the semantics of the state of a complex system, the introduction of psychologically...
Valuating the appropriation of digital technologies across Russian regions
The COVID-19 pandemic has proved a powerful catalyst for the integration of digital technologies in everyday life. Many digital routines have replaced the traditional ones relating to purchasing goods and services, information exchange, movement, document issuance, or scheduling medical appointments. Despite technology proliferating through society, the digital divide is widening. The place of residence is a factor affecting the involvement in digitalisation, along with age, education, income, and...
From the Mediterranean to the Baltic: the problem of implementing the principle of solidarity in the EU area of immigration and asylum
The 2015 migration crisis significantly affected the EU’s area of freedom, security, and justice and challenged the cohesion and solidarity of the European Union. Although the crisis is past its peak, it is not over yet: problems and challenges associated with it persist. One of them is the lack of a common approach among member states to the implementation of the principle of solidarity in the EU area of immigration and asylum. This work aims to consider the legal and political aspects of the...
The first Stokes method in the problem of waves on a liquid surface of finite depth
An approximate solution of the problem of the structure and characteristics of a stationary nonlinear periodic wave on the surface of a liquid of finite depth has been obtained. The solution is as follows: first, the kinematic and dynamic conditions are simplified. The Bernoulli integral contributes to the simplification of the dynamic condition. An integral operator of convolution type is introduced. Four functions of one variable are determined, the main of which is the wave level. One linear...
Classification of systems machine learning
The classification of machine learning methods is given depending on the technique of learning, the main algorithms of machine learning and the scope of application are considered. Particular attention is paid to reinforcement learning based on Markov decision processes.
1. Жерон О. Прикладное машинное обучение с помощью Scikit-Learn и TensorFlow: концепции, инструменты и техники для создания интеллектуальных...
Using Python Libraries for Analysis of the Customer Churn Rate of a Bank
At the present time, competition for customers among banks is escalating. The indicator of customer churn is very important for the analysis and planning bank work. Five algorithms for calculating the outflow of bank customers are used in this article. Program codes are written in Python.
1. Что такое отток клиентов и как с ним бороться // NGM. URL: https:// ngmsys.com/blog/churn-management (дата обращения: 01.12.2019).
2. Bank-Customer-Churn-Modeling...
August 1914: the tragedy of the 72nd infantry division in East Prussia
The article examines the course and outcome of the operations of the 1st Russian Army during the second stage of the East Prussian offensive in August 1914. The author used the example of an infantry division to analyse its combat operations in the battles in East Prussia and its disbandment following the operation. The failure of the Russian invasion to Germany at the beginning of the First World War led to the disbandment of two divisions that could not withstand the severity of the defeat...
Translation and Discourse Analysis
This paper will illustrate how discourse analysis had been incorporated in Translation Studies. Discourse Analysis originated in Applied Linguistics and refers to the investigation of language in use. Depending on whether the term ‘discourse’ is understood in a narrower or a wider sense, discourse analysis aims at examining the structure and the function of language in various contexts and/or at revealing patterns of belief and habitual action, as well as social roles and power relations (Critical...
Metalanguage for hybrid intelligent systems of electrical networks visual control: problems and models
The paper presents a description of three levels of visual meta-language developed for hybrid intelligent systems of electrical networks management: 1) tasks and problems; 2) patterns for expert reasoning; 3) integrated models of collective intelligence. Visual metalanguage qualitatively changes the work mode of a managed subject, allowing them immediately to recognize the problematic situation and «see» its solution without logical inferences.
1. Венда В. Ф. Системы гибридного...
A metalanguage for hybrid intelligent systems of electrical grid visual control: hierarchy, structure, situations, and states
In this paper, we describe three levels of a visual meta-language for hybrid intelligent systems of electrical grid management: 1) hierarchies of resources, actions, and properties; 2) spatial and operational-technological structures; 3) situations and states. A visual metalanguage qualitatively changes the performance of the subject of management and allows them to recognize a problem at a glance and see a workable solution without drawing logical inferences.
1. Колесников А. В.,...
Certain issues of correlation between the international financial law and the EU law
The problem if interaction between the international financial law (IFL) and the EU law has become particularly vital in this integrational entity where a special legal system was created. It has been developing until now and carries the features of the both international and municipal law. Global financial crisis and subsequent sovereign debt crisis have substantially changed global financial architecture and led to a comprehensive reform of the financial branch in the EU. The author implementing...
“Virtual council”. Part 1: Models of the heterogeneous model field
Hybrid intellectual systems: virtual councils, which basic elements is heterogeneous model field, described in terms of axiomatic theory of role conceptual models are created.
1. Нургазизова А. К. Происхождение, развитие и современная трактовка понятий «коморбидность» и «полиморбидность» // Казанский медицинский журнал. 2014. Т. 95, № 2. С. 292—296.
2. Попов Э....
Foreign nationals on the Boards of Directors of Russia’s Ten Largest Non-Financial Companies Investing Overseas
This author analyses the international membership of the boards of directors of Russia’s ten largest outbound investors. The data used in the study come from the companies’ annual reports and official websites. The information is correct as of February 2017. It is concluded that foreign nationals hold 30 % of board seats in Russia’s ten largest non-financial companies investing abroad. US, British, and German nationals comprise two-thirds of foreign nationals on the boards of directors. Among...
Workers’ settlements in the Kaliningrad region and their subsequent renaming in 1946—1947
Part of East Prussia was ceded to the Soviet Union after the defeat of Nazi Germany. As a result, the local toponymy changed completely. The author analyses the documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Archives of Socio- Political History, and the State Archive of the Kaliningrad Region to trace the Russianisation of German toponyms. The decision to establish workers’ settlements in the Kaliningrad region was discussed in September 1946 — July 1947. Local...
Heterogeneous models of problem and instrumental diagnostic environment for decision-support in complex diagnostic problem
We represents the results of research in the area of two-level representation of complex diagnostic problem (at macro- and microlevel). We also represents the results of development of stratifiable model of concilium, which corresponds the new scientific worldview in respect to medical diagnostic and health informatics. This model displays heterogeneous cooperative clinical collective work of experts in small groups “at the round table”.
1. Поспелов Д. А. Ситуационное...
Industrial enterprises of the Kaliningrad region: R&D models under the conditions of perceived risks
Тhe paper is devoted to the modeling of R&D behavior patterns of industrial enterprises in the conditions of perceived risks. Unambiguously negative influence is caused by institutional risks only, while the influence of other risk factors is more complex in character.
1. Cohen M., Jaffray J.-Y., Said T. Experimental Comparison of Individual Behavior under Risk and under Uncertainty for Gains and for Losses // Organizational behavior and human decision processes. 1987. Vol. 39. P. l—22.
2....
The system and structure of sources of corporate law
This article considers the system and structure of sources of Russian corporate law. Research approaches to the notion and legal nature of sources of corporate law and their place in the system of civil law sources are analysed. The authors address the legal nature of corporate regulations, including the rules and standards of self-regulatory organisations as sources of corporate law.
1. Диденко А. А. К вопросу о развитии отечественной концепции...
The origins of tour activities in the Kaliningrad region (second halfof the 1960s)
This article examines organizational and material resources behind the emergence of tour activities as a field of tourism in the Kaliningrad region. Based on the archive materials of the Regional Trade Unions Council and the Regional Tourism Board and existing tours, the author studies decision on the establishment and functioning of tour agencies and analyses the methods and key areas of their operation in the second half of the 1960s.
1. Государственный архив Калининградской...
Formalization and solving optimal control technological complexes
Results of development of mathematical methods and statement of problems of optimum control of a set of the interconnected trajectories–technologies of continuous technological processes and creations of numerical methods of their decision are given.
1. Красовский А. А. Статистическая теория переходных процессов в системах управления. М., 1968.
2. Либов Р. Введение в теорию кинетических уравнений...
Entrepreneur’s trust in banks in terms of behavioural economics
This article considers the issues of trust in banks in terms of the rationality of clients’ behavior and behavioural economy. The author’s empirical study of 370 owners of small and microfirms located in the Warmian-Masurian voivodeship suggests that approximately 69 % of the respondents prefer the services of Polish banks (or those dominated by Polish capital) and 10.1 % prefer banks with foreign capital. The rest of the respondents (20.9 %) have no particular opinion on the subject.
1. Akerlof...
A model for involving the expert community in implementing the educational policy: The case of a major educational programme
This article presents a general model of involving the research, educa-tional, and other expert communities in implementing the state educational policy. The authors consider the organization of public and expert discussion of sample primary and secondary education programmes. The model describes the nonlinear space of expert interaction, including the key processes, forms, and results thereof.
1. Remorenko I. M., Burov V. V., Parfenov R. V. On Modern Technologies of Citi-zens’ Participation in...
Problems of classifying tax crimes by actus reus
This article examines certain issues relating to the calculation of large and especially large amounts of unpaid taxes. It is noted that the Plenum of the Supreme Court is expected to amend current Decision No. 64 of 28.12.2006 ‘On the practices of courts applying criminal legislation on liability for tax crimes’. It is also stressed that, despite the existing obligation to pay insurance premiums, there is no rule on criminal liability of persons evading such payments. In this regard, it is proposed...
Research of process in bistable system when passing the mix of the harmonious signal and «white» noise
In the work the mechanism of compound harmonic signal and noise through the bistable system which role carries out Schmitt's trigger is considered. Dependence of signal-to-noise ratio on different factors is shows. Necessary conditions for ensuring increase of the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the system are defined. The decision on practical implementation of the effect in electronic circuits of various purposes is submitted.
1. Neiman A., Schimansky-Geier L., Moss F. Linear response theory...