Consequences and Design in General and Transcendental Logic
In this article, I consider Kant’s dichotomy between general and transcendental logic in light of a retrospective reconstruction of two approaches originating in 14th century scholasticism that are used to demarcate formal and material consequences. The first approach (e. g., John Buridan, Albert of Saxony, Marsilius of Inghen) holds that a consequence is formal if it is valid — because of its form only — for any matter. Since the matter of a consequence is linked to categorematic ...
Geography of the mobile internet in the border and interior regions of Russia
... similar online behaviour [37].
An investigation based on Russian borderland data [38] reveals that users from these regions actively seek information regarding border regions and cities in neighbouring states more actively than the national average. Consequently, the challenge of culturally and geographically positioning border areas within the cross-border information space becomes significant, mainly due to the scarcity of content available in the national languages of neighbouring countries [39]....
Communication of Covid-19 consequences in the Baltic States inforsphere
This article seeks to describe the dynamics of Covid-19 in the Baltic States and to analyse the ways of communicating the threat and its consequences. Particular attention is paid to the media strategies pursued in the study area. The research is based on Russian and English texts from the Baltic media, WHO official documents and datasets, as well as initiatives of the Baltic Sea region ...
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
... people in 2021 (40.1 % of the total). Thus, with the total population falling by about 1 million people between 2011 and 2021, Poland’s urban population decreased by about 900,000, and the rural population by 100,000 people.
Identifying the causes and consequences of ruralization is a challenging task, especially considering that it is relatively uncommon in European countries. However, Poland has experienced a decline in its urban population since the end of the 20th century [7]. While urbanization ...
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
... a substantial setback. As subsequent events showed, the blow was indeed strong [12], [13]. However, the speed of adaptation of the Russian economy to external pressure turned out to be very high, which made it possible to significantly mitigate the consequences of sanctions and to quickly commence economic restructuring.
For instance, as surveys conducted by the Institute of National Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences showed, in the spring of 2022, many Russian enterprises began ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... geopolitical vacuum reigning after the collapse of the opposing Soviet bloc and the Soviet Union itself. Finland and Sweden were the missing links for Washington and NATO in the Baltic region and Northern Europe as a whole. The study analyses the major consequences of these geopolitical changes for Russia in the Baltic region. These include the increasing disparity in armed forces with NATO, the substantial expansion of the border with the Alliance, the acquisition of new territorial and infrastructural ...
Information and propaganda strategies in German non-state media discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic
... of both propaganda and education converged during this period. The educational efforts of the media and propaganda had a significant impact on the target audience, leading to the acceptance of broadcasted opinions and specific behavioural patterns. Consequently, educational and propaganda discourses in the media were strategically directed towards influencing people’s behaviour, including compliance with lockdown measures, social distancing, wearing masks, and opting for vaccination.
The context ...
Legal consequences of the bankruptcy of an individual entrepreneur
This article addresses the legal consequences of adjudicating an individual entrepreneur bankrupt. The author considers particularities of repayment of liabilities as compared to legal entities and examines relevant changes in the legislation. Legal consequences are divided into short-term ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... burgeon, bringing about a restructuring of the economy. These transformations will cause further, thought-out rather than erratic, adaptation of border functions and regime to the new circumstances with a view to launch desired processes and mitigate the consequences of the changes.
The adaptation of a region to a dramatically new geopolitical landscape has been the focus of much research. The most relevant studies draw on the theory of exclaves — territories whose geographical situation predetermines ...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... crisis, regions that embrace innovative advancements tend to be more successful in navigating the aftermath of shocks. They leverage accumulated internal resources and experience to devise ingenious solutions to external challenges [4] [5]. Assessing the consequences of the 2008—2009 global economic crisis, reports from the governments of certain developed countries underscore the critical importance of innovation for economic recovery post-recession. Regions with higher innovation potential demonstrated ...
The labour market of Russia’s Kaliningrad exclave amid Covid-19
The Covid-19 pandemic, which has swept across the globe, is a serious challenge to the Russian labour market. This article examines the consequences of Covid-19 for Russia’s Kaliningrad exclave and how its territorially isolated and lockdown-affected small labour market responds to drastic changes in employment, income, and consumption. Another question is how the immigrant-rich labour ...
The anthropogenic transformation of river mouths and its geoecological consequences
This article aims to discuss the problematic aspects of the technogenesis impact on the river mouth areas (through the example of Baltic rivers). The author comes to a conclusion on the negative geoecological consequences of this process.
1.
Богданов Н.
А., Воронцов А.
А., Морозова Л.
Н.
Тенденции химического загрязнения и динамика Калининградского ...
The communication of persons: Kant’s theory of marriage law held captive by pagan anthropology
... personality, as well as the accent on “pleasure” as the necessary subjective goal of marital union, which leads the moralist an the philosopher of law upon a false trail, cannot provide a real solution of the problem. The naturalistic premise, in consequence of which the meaning of love is conceived in terms of pleasure, perpetuates the Roman contractualism in matrimonial law by understanding marriage as an external relation of persons, and prepares the soil for the seeds of a nihilistic philosophy ...
The Problem of the Possibility of an Artificial Moral Agent in the Context of Kant’s Practical Philosophy
... are correlated through independence from the external. Accordingly, if the actions of artificial intelligence (AI) are determined by something or someone external to it (by a human), then it does not act morally and freely, but heteronomously. As a consequence of AI’s lack of autonomy, and thus lack of access to the moral law, it does not and cannot have a moral understanding that proceeds from the moral law. Another consequence is that it has no sense of duty, which would follow from the moral ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... [6], [7], [8]. However, during the sixth conference held in October 2022, the title “Region of Cooperation” was no longer fitting, given the annulment of all forms of cooperation between Russia and the Baltic region countries by the Western side. Consequently, the conference was renamed “New Trajectories of International Cooperation”. This shift was accompanied by a change in the composition of foreign participants, with representatives from Belarus, the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina),...
Spatial differentiation of rural territories in the Kaliningrad region: implications for socio-economic policies
... advancement of larger organisations, while the growth rates of household and small-scale farms remain comparatively low. This development trend is underpinned by a surge in labour productivity accompanied by a substantial reduction in the workforce. Consequently, rural residents are increasingly seeking alternative employment opportunities, either moving to urban areas or engaging in a different type of economic activities. Contrary to the situation in most regions of the Russian Federation, the ...
Modern trends in paradiplomacy: a case of Russian-Finnish regional cooperation
... create a common economic, cultural, and social space based on shared interests with partner counties of the East and the South that would ensure stability in the region. However, Russian authorities insisted on the format of a strategic partnership. Consequently, Russia remained eligible only for cross-border cooperation programmes. In the year 2007, the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) came into force substituting the MEDA instrument, TACIS instrument for the Eastern neighbours,...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... perception of the country depends on Denmark’s continuous ability to provide effective contingents for long-term participation in international operations
Aspect
of analysis
Hans Mouritzen [16]
Mikkel Vedby
Rasmussen [17]
Peter Viggo
Jakobsen [18]
Negative consequences of the transformation
Mounting contradictions in domestic politics, clashes with the common identity of Northern European countries (the Norden space), competition with other EU members (primarily the Netherlands and Poland) for Washington’s ...
Societal security in the Baltic Sea Region: the Russian perspective
... from the societal security concept. This document contains a detailed description of the threats and challenges to Russia’s public security. In addition to the traditional threats and challenges, the NSS-2021 identifies such problems as the negative consequences of climate change for the Russian society and cyber threats occurring both from within Russia itself and from outside. Special attention is paid to the epidemiological safety of the population, which is, obviously, a reaction to the COVID-19 ...
Efficiency analysis of seaports in Russia’s Baltic basin: performance evaluation
... results of cargo turnover in Russian ports, determines the market share of ports in the Baltic basin, examines investment projects, port throughput, innovations in reducing the anthropogenic impact of port infrastructure on the environment, and more. Consequently, performance indicator values were obtained for each port in the Baltic basin for the year 2022, and a system of recommendations has been developed. As a result, all research tasks have been fully completed, and the study goal has been achieved....
Comparative analysis of the territorial support frame of settlement in coastal areas: the case of St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad regions
... urbanisation. It is worth noting that the process of agglomeration took place in European coastal regions in a very similar manner [15].
A natural result of the development of society, coastal urban agglomerations are associated with certain economic consequences. An economist sees the city as a tool to increase the competitiveness of the economy, a mechanism ensuring an inflow of resources for the development of the whole settlement system. Moreover, it is traditionally perceived as the site where ...
The two-party tendency in Poland’s political system: manifestations, causes and prospects
... member Aleksander Kwaśniewski was twice elected President; social democrats played the key role in the ruling coalition during two parliamentary terms. Despite the importance of support from the citizens who resented dwindling social protection and the consequences of the ‘Shock Therapy’, the party took a right turn. In the second half of the 1990s, it abandoned its cautious view of the socialist past, condemned totalitarianism [15, p. 56] and fully supported the country’s accession to NATO and ...
Cross-border tourist mobility as seen by residents of the Karelian borderlands: COVID-19 restrictions
... cross-border tourism as seen by Karelians
This aspect was explored based on the answers to three questions regarding the benefits respondents and their households derive from growing transboundary tourist mobility, as well as the positive and negative consequences tourism may have for the region.
A detailed analysis of responses to questions about personal/household benefits from the development of Finnish inbound tourism to Karelia (Fig. 4) shows that the border municipalities differ from the interior ...
Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development
... territories or sustainable and harmonised national development. In the course of the reform, the number of municipalities was reduced by a factor of 3.5, from 119 to 42; from two to nine municipalities were brought under one local government. The questionable consequences of the reform have been mentioned by experts, members of local government councils and the president of Latvia. The heavy dependence of regional towns on European structural and investment funds, as well as on other international and domestic ...
COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: information campaign, media, society
... International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (15), art. 777,
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157772
.
6.Glöckner, A. et al. 2020, The Perception of Infection Risks during the Early and Later Outbreak of COVID-19 in Germany: Consequences and Recommendations, PsyArXiv,
https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wdbgc
.
7. Majid, U. et al. 2020, Knowledge, (mis-)conceptions, risk perception, and behavior change during pandemics: A scoping review of 149 studies, Public Underst. Sci, № ...
Kant als Mystiker? Zur These von Carl Arnold Wilmans’ dissertatio philosophica
Carl Arnold Wilmans received his degree of doctor in philosophy in Halle in 1797 for a bold thesis. He claimed a latent similarity between Kant’s enlightened philosophy of religion and the pure mysticism of some so-called separatists — and sent his work to Kant. The fact that and how the latter reacted to it, makes the matter all the more interesting. Could Kant have been a secret mystic? The following study attempts to give a differentiated presentation of Kant’s intellectual relationship...
The influence of the transport factor on the investment competitiveness of coastal regions in the European part of Russia.
... analyzes how the implementation of projects under the Federal Target Program “Development of the Transport System of Russia (2010—2021)” contributed to an increase in the economic efficiency of the transport industry in the region and, as a consequence, to an increase in the level of investment attractiveness. Using the classical economic and geographical research methods, the authors come to the conclusion that result-wise the regions under study are heterogeneous.
Given the combination ...
Territorial differences in the attitudes to the migration crisis in Germany: The political aspect
....
5. Hopkins, D. J. 2011, National Debates, Local Responses: The Origins of Local Concern about Immigration in Britain and the United States, Brit. J. Polit. Sci., no. 41, p. 499—524.
6. Lyalina, А. V. 2016, Theoretical approaches to modeling the consequences of labor migration for host territories, Regional'nye issledovaniya [Regional studies], no. 2 (52), p. 66—71. (In Russ.)
7. Mayda, A. 2006, Who is Against Immigration? A Cross-Country Investigation of Individual Attitudes Toward Immigrants,...
Geosituational Modelling of Coastal Marine Systems
... class of models for the situations leading to uncertain outcomes. The authors suggest using numerical methods combined with the empirical and statistical models for the assessment of the impact of industrial fishing on marine environment, minimizing the consequences of storms, floods and others factors. Special attention is paid to the modelling of climate change and geo-ecological consequences, as well as to atlas mapping and landscape planning. As a result of the geosituational analysis the authors ...
Optimal parameters for consequences of tangential and two-frequency decompositions
... large systems of linear equations based on an incomplete block-decomposition for a block-tridiagonal matrices is considered. This method generalizes methods are developed by Buzdin and Wittum [1; 2]. A method of choosing quasioptimal parameters for consequences of tangential and two-frequencies decompositions based on analysis of model problems is developed. It’s convergence rate is better than ADI’s convergence rate in commutational case..
1.
Buzdin К
. Tangential decomposition // Computing ...
Borders and Identity in Theory and Practice of the Eastern Baltic Region
... ethno-political conflicts of this type. The post-Crimean political debate in the Baltic states has shown that that hardliners of a strict assimilation model of state identity prevail in Vilnius, Riga, and Tallinn. This study sets out to analyze the political consequences of the conflict between the existing models of ethnopolitical identification in the border areas of the Eastern Baltic region. The main result of the study is that it has proved the existence of a special type of identity characteristic of ...
The causes and consequences of the semantic devaluation of the words пафос and пафосный in modern Russian
This article considers the radical changes in the functioning of literary lexis in the Russian language of the early 21st century, namely the causes and consequences of the semantic devaluation of the noun пафос and its syntactic derivate, the adjective пафосный, whose semantic transformation is explained by the speech expansion of glamorous lifestyle as an aggressive subculture.
1. Арутюнова ...
The creation of a common EU energy market: a quiet revolution with far-reaching consequences
... states and energy monopolists who directly or indirectly breach the rules of competition in the energy sector. The authors come to the conclusion that liberalization of the European energy sector will eventually have serious theoretical and practical consequences for the EU, as well as third countries, including Russia.
1. Braun, J. 2011, EU Energy Policy under the Treaty of Lisbon Rules: Between a new policy and business as usual, available at: http://www. academia.edu/1376523/The_EU_2020_Energy_Initiative_The_post-Lisbon_pattern_of_change_in_EU_energy_policy ...
Creative Potential of Artificial Intelligence in the Context of the Idea of the New Enlightenment
... emphasises that currently the issue of evaluating the creative potential of AI lacks a definitive solution, underscoring the relevance of further research. The future outlook may alter this situation, prompting the necessity to focus on predicting potential consequences of technological developments and developing mechanisms for controlling AI activities; humans, after all, bear responsibility for AI actions. Such an approach aligns with the concept of a new Enlightenment which seeks a balance between technological ...
Current status of the Eastern Baltic cod population Gadus morhua callarias Linnaeus, 1758
... population under the influence of these factors are described. The decisive impact of North Sea inflows and their prolonged absence on the population's development, the influence of oxygen saturation levels on all life stages of cod, and the negative consequences of hypoxia for the feeding of Eastern Baltic cod are noted. Among the changes in the population, a decrease in the number of eggs in spawning areas during the peak spawning period, a reduction in the average individual sizes and weights of ...
Training of scientific personnel in the history of Russian law in the Russia Abroad (1920—1930s): Harbin and Prague
... contemporary emigrant scholars. It is argued that the training system for this discipline did not have the opportunity to develop in the pre-revolutionary Russian Empire, as the academic degree category “History of Russian Law” was only introduced in 1915. Consequently, the preparation of students at the department for professorial candidacy had a largely innovative character in the higher education institutions of the Russian emigration. Considerable attention was paid to the training of specialists in ...
Promising methods for detecting submarine groundwater discharge in the Baltic Sea and experience of their application
... loose deposits, or through the recirculation of seawater in bottom deposits. Therefore, it is essential to consider local geological and hydrogeological conditions, as they can significantly influence the character and distribution of groundwater and, consequently, the possibility of submarine discharge and the likelihood of its detection. Despite the ubiquity of the SDGW process in the continental shelf zone, practical detection is often a challenging task. The aim of this study is to identify approaches ...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... primarily focusing on municipal areas/districts and urban districts. However, in the Kaliningrad region, there has been no settlement-level local self-government in recent years, and statistical data on settlements have not been available since 2018. Consequently, municipal statistics represent the sole official data upon which micro-level research can rely. Despite this, it is crucial to consider differences in municipality sizes and settlement systems when interpreting the results obtained, following ...
The geopolitical effect of the maritime factor on the spatial development of post-Soviet Russia: the Baltic case
... developments are anticipated within the context of the Russian Baltic Area, envisioned as a borderland with trans-basin geopolitical, economic-geographical, and geocultural bi-structural asymmetry.
Introduction and problem setting
The manifestations and consequences of today’s massive geopolitical and geopolitical shifts are all-encompassing and multifaceted. These shifts include the drift of economic activity and power from the Euro-Atlantic to the Indo-Pacific region [1], the nationalisation and ...
From the editor
... with the article by Y. M. Zverev. His work examines the economic and military security of the area and the restructuring of economic ties, including the curtailment of cross-border cooperation.
Further on, P. Ye. Smirnov examines the geopolitical consequences of Finland’s and Sweden’s accession to NATO for Russia’s standing in the Baltic region. The second section of the issue looks at the economy of Russia’s Baltic regions, concentrating on two urgent problems: the adaptation of Russian ...
Economic development of Russia’s north-western regions and migration to the St. Petersburg agglomeration
... both prior to and following the crisis of 2008—2009.
Methods
The data on the NWFD regions were subjected to analysis spanning the period from 1998 to 2021. Various parameters were then plotted to identify correlations and connections between them. Consequently, economic sectors were delineated by clustering regions with comparable development characteristics. Equations were subsequently formulated for these sectors, elucidating the influence of the crisis on primary regional developmental indicators ...
Prospects for a new intervention by military in the political processes in the Republic of Turkey
The military’s involvement in political processes in Turkey has ambiguous consequences for society. On the one hand, for decades, the army has supported the secular character of Turkish politics. On the other hand, the military has acted as a strong force slowing down the development of Turkish democracy, fearing a loss of ...
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
... itself as an instrument for academic cooperation, nation branding, and exerting soft power by Sweden towards the Baltic states, Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. The concluding chronological point for this study is the year 2023. By this year, the initial consequences of excluding Russia from the SI programmes in 2022 due to the Swedish official position towards Ukraine would have manifested.
The materials selected for analysis fall into distinct categories. The first category comprises official publications ...
Artificial Intelligence: a catalyst for entrepreneurship education in the Baltics
... the EU countries and Russia require a strong foundation of entrepreneurial activity, particularly among the youth. Science, along with the societal demand for its accomplishments and findings, plays a vital role in facilitating this transformation. Consequently, we will analyze how the issue of utilizing AI for enhancing entrepreneurial potential is reflected in the databases of Scopus and Web of Science. In the period 2019—2023, the number of publications related to the issues of entrepreneurial ...
How presuppositions and illocutionary force become components of sense: some implications from the analysis of fictitious names in Frege’s philosophy
... proper name can potentially refer to an imaginary entity, it is crucial to consider the speaker's intention. When making a statement, the speaker may refer to the real or the imaginary. In the latter case, the thought cannot be explicitly expressed, and consequently, denotation cannot be reached. In Frege's framework, fictional thoughts hold little significance for decision-making and actions. Therefore, we consistently seek to discern whether the discourse pertains to the real or the imaginary. ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... fragmentation of the European Union. Each country has its own reasons, therefore, requires individual studies for each case.
The choice of the Visegrad group and the BA/BCM as the objects of study is not accidental since these associations are, in a way, the consequences of the demise of the Soviet Union and the socialist system in Europe. In this regard, it is necessary to understand how Russia should build its relations with the sub-associations of the countries that until recently, used to be politically ...
Russophone immigration to Finland: new forms, trends, and consequences
Until the 1960s, Finland was more often the country of origin than the country of destination. Once a depressed area, it soon turned into a welfare state, becoming with international migrants. Since Finland’s labour market and society are beset with demographic problems, the country gladly accepts labour migrants, particularly those from neighbouring states. Most EU immigrants coming to Finland are Estonians. Immigration from without the EU — from Russia and other former Soviet countries —...
In search of a theoretical framework for factors influencing work and life balance
... such as burnout. From the organisational point of view, WLB is a factor in the efficiency of an enterprise. Intentional or unintentional absence, high employee turnover, low productivity, higher insurance costs, and low job satisfaction are amongst the consequences of work-life imbalance. WLB has also been examined as part of employer branding, which is coming to the fore as shortage of labour prompts organisations to look for strategies for attracting and retaining employees.
This paper carries ...
Dare to Know, or the Gospel According to Kant
In the course of a close analysis of Kant’s essay in which he gives his original answer to the question, “What is Enlightenment?” I examine the causes and consequences of the theses about Enlightenment which makes a plea for emancipation from the shackles of guardianship, above all by getting rid of one’s own cowardice. In search of an answer to the question, “What is the real reason of self-incurred ...