Evangelical Lutheran church of Denmark: socio-economic and territorial-organisational aspects
... have a relatively smaller population, meaning that the financial burden on an individual level is even greater.
The taxes collected are distributed by the Ministry for Ecclesiastical Affairs, which is also responsible for overseeing the consolidated budget of the Church.
Reports on the economic activities of the Church are available to the public and provide an overview of its financial operations. Income from various sources is grouped into local budget, General Fund, and state grants (subsidies)....
Economic development of Russia’s north-western regions and migration to the St. Petersburg agglomeration
... advantages, the prevailing trend among today’s graduates is to either stay put, often not fully utilizing their professional skills, or to relocate to even larger cities.
Another factor apparently promoting migration to St. Petersburg is that the real budgets of other regional centres in the North-western Federal District (NWFD) are decreasing, with minor growth in only two of them [21]. As a result, there is no tangible growth of population in the capital cities of other regions in the NWFD (except ...
New stages of the excessive budget deficit procedure for the EU member states and the assessment of their effectiveness
The majority of EU member states, for which the excessive budget deficit procedure was introduced in 2009, managed to eliminate the deficit of their national budgets in September 2017. The EU started a reform of its subsidiary legislation in 2011 and introduced significant changes to the excessive budget deficit ...
New principles of resource distribution in the EU and their impact on the countries of the Baltic region
... coronavirus pandemic. In the face of a rapidly deteriorating economic situation, EU countries took unprecedented steps radically changing the principles of resource allocation in the Union. These included the recovery plan for Europe, making the EU budget conditional on respect for the rule of law and the new EU resources system. This article seeks to identify the essential characteristics of the decisions made within the Multiannual Financial Framework and define their significance for advancing ...
East Baltics: Economic Dilemmas of Security
... context of military spending. The authors maintain that an increase in military spending can either strengthen or weaken national economic and technological potential. In Germany or Sweden, military spending accounts for a smaller proportion of the GDP or budget revenues, but it is integrated into the general model of innovative and technological development. In the case of the Baltics, it is advisable to estimate military spending as a proportion of budget revenues rather than that of GDP — this recommendation ...
The problems of assessing the efficiency of budget investment finacning through the prgoramme-target method
The article describes the major legal acts regulating the transition to budget planning through the program-target method, offers an analysis of the general features of planning the federal and Kaliningrad regional budgets through this method, considers the concepts of investment, budgetary investment, and the procedure of ...
Bread supply issue and the food independence of the Novgorod land
This article deals with the issue of the food supply problems on the territory of the Novgorod land in the 11th-16th centuries. Despite permanent bread budget deficit, Veliky Novgorod managed to maintain political and economic independence and avoid purchasing significant amounts of grain. The reconstruction of a budget of a peasant agricultural farm shows that, in the then conditions, it could not rest ...
Municipal Tax Autonomy under Conditions of Budget Federalism: Reform Experience in Italy and Russia
The article deals with the questions of the current legislative budget process of local autonomies in the Russian Federation and Italy. The current
budget process of an Italian autonomy is characterized by the growing role of municipal taxes and overall decline in public transfers. In the Russian Federation, municipal ...
Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development
... garment industry, food production, etc.), 60 %.<18> Therefore, in the towns of the ‘periphery’ dominated by mid- and low-tech production, local governments increasingly seek to attract tourists in order to create jobs and replenish municipal budgets. Despite the available financial assistance tools, tourism is experiencing immense pressure in the aftermath of the
Covid-19 pandemic and the sanctions imposed on Russia in response to its special operation in Ukraine.
EU structural and investment ...
The sea factor in the federal regulation of Russia’s spatial development: post-Soviet experience and current priorities
... development of Russia’s maritime and regional policies closely coincided in chronological terms, but often differed in essence (Table 1).
The first decade of the post-Soviet period, the 1990s, was marked by dramatic economic transformations and federal budget deficit. Therefore, the focus shifted to the most acute problems and radical challenges. In the marine economy, this was Russia’s heavy post-Soviet dependence as regards transport and logistics on major seaports in newly independent neighbouring ...
Prospects of the resort tax in Russia
... Paris: rapport d’activité des services 2012. URL:
http://pages
. nxtbook.com/fr/newpress/mairie-de-paris/Aparis_43Ete_2012 /offline/mairie-de-paris_Aparis_43-Ete_2012.pdf (дата обращения 27.01.2017).
25. Stadt Salzburg: Stadtfinanzen — Budgets seit 2002. URL:
https://www
. stadtsalzburg.at/internet/politik_verwaltung/stadtfinanzen/budget_323294.htm (дата обращения: 27.01.2017).
26. Stadt Mödling: Info für Privat-Vermieter. URL:
http://www.moedling.at/Naechtigungs-Taxe_4
...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
... division) had been created by 2024; only separate units were established. This makes Lithuanian armed forces attractive to Germany as a source of experience in creating new military units.
Fourthly, the disparity in economic potentials and military budgets between Lithuania and Latvia, Estonia (Table 3) has given Lithuania an advantage in its ability to purchase foreign weapons and military equipment (W&M), thereby facilitating the modernization of its armed forces through imports.
The dynamics ...
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
...
— in 2022 enterprises of the Russian agro-industrial complex received over 150 billion roubles in preferential loans at a rate not exceeding 5 % per annum;
— over 122 billion roubles were allocated to domestic air carriers in 2022; it was direct budget support to compensate for losses incurred due to the severance of transport links with Western countries;
— Russian Railways received 250 billion roubles from the National Welfare Fund for additional capitalization; the primary objective of the ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... developing more and more often through integration associations. Within associations, there is a tendency towards fragmentation, which the EU has also displayed. The most illustrative example of it is the recent Polish-Hungarian ultimatum on the long-term budget of the European Union for the period 2021—2027.<3> Integration is both a goal and a development mechanism that faces external and internal challenges. The EU countries implement their policies following a common European approach. However,...
Reputation core of Russian authorities: the case of the regional level of executive power
... Incorruptibility of authorities (absence of corruption)
25.5 (31.7)
22.9
32.5
20.3
23.4
28.6
28.5
13. Service to the people, moral values / reference points of authorities
23.8 (22.8)
22.6
19.9
26.8
24.2
26.8
23.4
14. Efficiency of resource management, budget spending
22.7 (17.8)
19.8
25.5
25.7
22.0
22.0
22.0
Source: statistics is calculated by the author on the basis of data obtained from a mass questionnaire survey of the population of the regions of the Central Federal District, 2021.
In public ...
Broadband access network design
... networks building a working network in a densely built up house estate “Legends of the sea” (Kaliningrad), with plenty of potential users was built. An active and passive component that consider the estate’s specifics were chosen and also an optical budget for a theoretical check of network’s efficiency was calculated.
Efimov A. A., Aleshchenko A. N.
broadband network, passive optical network, optical budget, attenuation, passive and active equipment
27-33
Modernization of the cellular communication system in the city of Svetlogorsk based on the fifth generation network
Analyzed the existing cellular network in the city of Svetlogorsk. The expediency of introducing fifth generation networks is substantiated. Taking into account the building density and terrain, signal propagation models were selected, the radio channel budget, the radius of the zone of reliable radio reception, and the number of base stations were calculated. The optimal location of cellular base stations in the city of Svetlogorsk has been determined.
Aletskaya V. A.
mobile radio communication,...
Population Ageing as a Sociodemographic Problem in the Baltic Region
Population ageing is a major problem of European development in the 21st century. Rapid population ageing in most developed countries will continue to drive the dependency ratio up. This research aims to forecast dependency ratio in the Baltic region until the end of the century. A more detailed population analysis and forecast is provided for the case of the Baltic States — Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The authors use Bayesian probabilistic predictions based on data from the Population...
Particularities of the ratification of the European Fiscal Compact in Germany
... обращения: 02.03.2015).
15. Kocharov A. Another Legal Monster? An EUI debate on the fiscal compact treaty // EUI LAW. 2012. 09. URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1814/21496 (дата обращения: 02.03.2015).
Turkina A
Fiscal Compact, budget deficit, government debt, European Union, obligation to implement balanced budget rule.
144-149
The legal status of institutions in the Russian Federation
This article considers common and distinctive features of legal status of various institutions (autonomous, budget, government and private ones). Special attention is paid to the legal procedure of financial provision of their activities and property regime. The author identifies the advantages and disadvantages of the new legislative approach to the status ...
Ways of an estimation of realisation of priority national projects in the Kaliningrad region and a way of perfection of the legislation on their financing
... отрасли надо устранить надуманные преграды» // РИА «Новости».
URL
: http://riarealty. ru/ru/article/12/2277.html
(дата обращения: 17.07.2010).
Mikhalkin A. N.
priority national projects, budget financing, budget obligation
172-181
The ways to assess the implementation of priority national projects in the Kaliningrad region and improve project financing legislation
... надо устранить надуманные преграды // РИА «Новости». URL:
http://riarealty.ru/ru/article/12/ 2277.html
(дата обращения: 07.10.2010).
Mikhalkin A. N.
priority national project, budget financing, budget obligation
168-171
The Baltic economic model: some results of the 1990—2015 transformations
... development of EU funds], 2013, BNN-NEWS, available at: http://bnn-news.ru/ekspert-sredi-stran-baltiinet-absolyutnogo-lidera-po-osvoeniyu-evrofondov-84672 (accessed 03.06.2015).
42. Holmgard, R. A. 2013, Estonia, Bulletin on European and CIS Studies EU Budget 2014–2020: Views from across Europe after 7–8 February 2013, Moscow, p. 13.
43. Estonian Government press release ‘Peaminister Ansip osaleb Euroopa Ülemkogu kohtumisel’, 2012, Valitsus.ee, available at: http://valitsus.ee/et/uudised/74044/peaminister-ansip-osaleb-euroopa-%C3%BClemkogu-kohtumisel ...
Matrix Representation of the Kaliningrad Regional Accounts System: Experimental Development and Modelling Prospects
... analysis], Moscow.
13. Federal State Statistics Service, available at: http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/vvp/metod.htm (accessed 30.11.2014).
14. Informacija ob ispolnenii bjudzhetov sub#ektov RF i mestnyh bjudzhetov [Information on execution of budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation and local
budgets], The official website of the Treasury Russia, available at: http://www.roskazna.ru/byudzhetov-subektov-rf-i-mestnykh-byudzhetov/ (accessed 07.11.2014).
15. Buhgalterskij uchet. Nalogooblozhenie....
Theoretical and methodological problems of tax-related budget set-tlement in the Russian Federation
One of the problems of tax policy of the Russian Federation is the relation between the tax system and tax-related budget settlement. There are several traditional sources of tax reimbursement: revenue, expenses, financial result (pre-tax profit, taxable profit, retained earnings). Under these conditions, it is hardly possible to estimate unambiguously the tax burden ...
Models for countering the segregation of ethnoreligious immigrant areas in Denmark and Sweden
... situation. EU countries spend significant resources on solving migration problems and this becomes a significant burden. For example, Sweden spends an average of 6 thousand euros per year on asylum seekers and refugees, which is comparable to the total budget of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees.<30>
Nevertheless, Danish anti-immigrant policies have led to a positive trend in reducing the number of segregated areas. This is reflected in the “ghetto lists” published annually since 2010....
A new role of cooperation under economic sanctions as seen by residents of the Kaliningrad region
... indicates problems such as insufficient financial and credit infrastructure and the predominance of low-tech production [14]. When describing the economic situation in the Kaliningrad region, researchers tend to emphasise the high volatility of municipal budgets, their dependence on interbudgetary transfers and subsidies, and the inadequacy of regional tax revenues, which can be overcome by creating institutional conditions for raising the profile of entrepreneurship amongst the local populace [15]. Entrepreneurship ...
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
... other costs for businesses to carry out foreign trade operations, especially for western and northwestern regions [21], [22].<6> If restrictions on exports from Russia led to the need for its reorientation, reduced business profits and regional budget revenues, then restrictions on imports to Russia affected the ability to purchase technological equipment, and components, and fulfill production orders. Thus, restrictions on imports led to the stoppage of the activities of numerous automobile ...
Priorities for the development of manufacturing industries in the Kaliningrad region
... except for the manufacturing of other non-metallic mineral products, where the decrease was as large as 8 %. Even in motor vehicle assembly, the reduction in employment did not exceed 1 %, which was partly due to government support. The 2022 federal budget allocated 62.5 billion roubles to address issues in the labour market.<17> Growing employment means that affected businesses place hopes on restructuring and expect recovery when having forged new trade partnerships and adjusted the companies’ ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... the border with Russia [18], [28].
A new programme, titled Poland—Lithuania—Russia, was launched in 2007. Co-financed by the Russian Government, this initiative paved the way for a more equal cooperation whilst securing a more generous programme budget. Dense networks of years-long partnerships had helped build a foundation of trust and understanding, which made it possible to downplay the barrier properties of the national border.
Despite the successes in overcoming path dependence, economic ...
The geopolitical effect of the maritime factor on the spatial development of post-Soviet Russia: the Baltic case
... as early as the second half of the 1990s, the principal coastal territories of Russia’s western borderlands — St. Petersburg, the Leningrad region, Krasnodar Krai and the Kaliningrad region [29] — became consistent contributors to the federal budget. As the maritime activity, particularly in the hydrocarbon industry, gained momentum the list grew to include the Sakhalin and Astrakhan regions [30]. GRP was increasing across the country, with Russia’s coastal regions<4> remaining in ...
Modern trends in paradiplomacy: a case of Russian-Finnish regional cooperation
...
2) support of education, research, technological development, and innovation;
3) environmental protection, climate change mitigation, and adaptation;
4) promotion of border management and border security, mobility, and migration management.
The total budget of the Programme was 77.5 million euros. Half of this amount was contributed by the European Union and the other half was equally contributed by Russia and Finland.<10>
We believe that the CBC Programme formed a unique system of regional ...
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
... been linked with Swedish soft power since the 1990s. Notably, the annual funding allocated to the scholarship policy has seen substantial growth from SEK 180 million in 1997 to SEK 470 million in recent years. In 2022, a significant portion of this budget, totalling SEK 294 million, was earmarked for scholarships and grants. This financial commitment underscores the central role of scholarship programmes in advancing Sweden’s soft power and foreign policy objectives.<10> It proves the importance ...
The urban environment quality in the Leningrad region in 2018—2021
... region to consider a number of hypotheses about the correspondence between the Urban Environment Quality Index (UEQI) values, the city’s remoteness from agglomeration centers, population changes and migration growth, absolute population and municipal budget expenditures. The use of cartographic and mathematical methods made it possible to conclude that there is no significant direct correlation between the values of the UEQI and the indicators previously specified. Spatial differentiation of cities ...
Foreign trade activity of the subjects of the Russian Federation: prospects for maintaining the geographical structure of supplies
In 2022, the term “unfriendly countries / territories” was introduced as a “new” criterion for differentiating countries participating in foreign economic activity. Given the fact that about 30 % of national budget is formed by the foreign economic activity, the assessment of the prospects for maintaining the existing supply geography becomes expedient. The article divides the subjects into four groups, taking into account the “new” criterion which determines ...
Efficiency analysis of seaports in Russia’s Baltic basin: performance evaluation
... part of the implementation of this project, a total of 53.9 million rubles were allocated to the port for fish farming based on the results from 2012 to 2021. This allocation allows for a comparison between the goals of sustainable development and the budget planning of the port.
Let us consider other examples of the ecological activities of the Baltic Seaports. In particular, the port authorities of Saint Petersburg have developed an ecological programme, receiving annual funding (in 2019 — 66 million ...
Modern features of the development of a comfortable urban space in small towns of the Kaliningrad region
... task is to improve the quality of life in small towns in the region, as they serve as supporting elements for the regional settlement frame. Attracting federal and extrabudgetary funds could be seen as an effective tool in the context of a local budget deficit. To date, improving the quality of urban spaces has been possible due to participation in the all-Russian competition for the best projects for creating a comfortable urban environment, which has been held since 2018. Having accumulated ...
The specificities of healthcare corruption offences during the Covid-19 pandemic
The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees every citizen the right to health protection and medical care. The practical exercising of these rights depends on the productive work of the healthcare system and the efforts of the state to maintain and develop it. Corruption in the medical environment continues to be a frequent phenomenon, creating a barrier to equal access of patients to medical care and related services, reducing the effectiveness of medical institutions, leading to waste...
On the dynamics of economic activity and its impact on the budgetary stability of municipalities of the Kaliningrad region
... implementation of programs aimed at increasing entrepreneurial activity among the local population, mainly in rural areas of semi-peripheral and peripheral municipalities of the Kaliningrad region
Gumenyuk I.S.
municipalities, the Kaliningrad region, budget sustainability, SME entities
44-56
Geological conditions for submarine groundwater discharge in the South-Eastern Baltic
... the Baltic Sea. — 2002. — 81 p.
23. Pempkowiak, J., Szymczycha, B., Kotwicki, L. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to the Baltic Sea // Rocz. Ochr. Śr. — 2010. — №. 12. — рр. 17—32.
24. Schlüter M. et al. Spatial distribution and budget for submarine groundwater discharge in Eckernförde Bay (Western Baltic Sea) // Limnol. Oceanogr. — 2004. — Vol. 49. — pp. 157—167.
25. Szymczycha В., Susanna V., Pempkowiak J. Nutrient fluxes via submarine groundwater discharge to the ...
National urban policy in Russia and the European experience
This article analyses the features, shortcomings, prospects, and limitations of Russia’s national urban policy (NUP) and similar initiatives abroad to formulate proposals for further development of the Russian NUP. To this end, the study examines international (particularly German) documents and publications on NUP and the Russian regulatory framework. The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to the resilience of cities to crises and the development of urban green spaces. Germany’s current NUP...
On some particular functions of the Palestinian national administration
... interacting objects. The findings revealed the weaknesses of state institutions of the PNA, the significant influence of the executive branch and power structures, which are overgrown with client relations and systemic corruption. It is noted that the state budget is formed not only from donor assistance, but also from income received internally. In fact, PNA has become a system in which plutocracy reigns supreme. The interdependence of the head of state, monopoly business and law enforcement agencies ...
The effect of Covid-19 on labour migration in the CIS
... under the President of the Russian Federation, July, 2020, Moscow, available at:
http://mer-center.ru/_ld/1/169_06-07-2020-vars.pdf
(accessed 07.08.2020) (in Russ.).
10. Zubarevich, N. 2020, Regional risks of a new crisis for employment and regional budgets. In: Gurevich, V. S., Kolesnikov, A. V. et all. (eds.) Monitoring ekonomicheskoi situatsii v Rossii: tendentsii i vyzovy sotsial’no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya [Monitoring the economic situation in Russia: trends and challenges of social and economic ...
Legal regime for church property in Russia and the Baltic states
... why the complete transfer (return) of the church property seized in the Soviet period is impossible.
Smorgunova V. Yu., Dorskaia A. A., Tolstukhina T.V.
10.5922/2079-8555-2018-4-4
60-73
church property, state, religious organization, state budget
Foraging strategies in the pine marten Martes martes: A model
... Размещение запасов, экология, использование и охрана / ред. А. А. Насимович. М., 1973.
13. Ashby W. R. An Introduction to Cybernetics. L., 1956.
14. Kooijman S. A. L. M. Dynamic Energy Budget theory for metabolic organisation.Cambridge, 2010.
15. Sidorovich V., Sidorovich А., Krasko D. Effect of felling on red fox and pine marten diets in transitional mixed forest in Belarus // Mammalian Biol. 2010. № 5.P. 401—411.
16. Sinervo ...
Problems of classifying tax crimes by actus reus
... stressed that, despite the existing obligation to pay insurance premiums, there is no rule on criminal liability of persons evading such payments. In this regard, it is proposed to include liability for failing to pay insurance premiums to the state budget funds in the disposition of Articles 198, 199 of the Criminal Code.
1. Цирит О. А. Некоторые проблемы квалификации налоговых преступлений по признакам субъекта // Вестник ...
The problems of exemption from criminal liability for tax offences
... Московского района г. Калининграда. Уголовное дело № 1-614/2001 г.
8. Материалы Управления ФСНП по Калининградской области. 2000 г.
Tsirit O.
tax crimes, damage to the budget system of the Russian Federation, active repentance
112-115
Filtration activity of mollusks Mya arenaria L. (Bivalvia) in estuaries of the southern Baltic Sea
... primary production in a shallow coastal inlet in the southern Baltic Sea (Nordrügenschen Bodden). Results from long-term observations (1960—1989) // Int. Rev. Hydrob. 1998. Vol. 83. P. 479—499.
10. Loo L.-O., Rosenberg R. Production and energy budget in marine suspension feeding populations: Mythilus edulis, Cerastoderma edule, Mya arenaria and Amphiura filiformis // J. Sea Res. 1996. Vol. 35. P. 199—207.
11. Riisgård H. U., Seerup D. F. Filtration rates in the soft clam Mya arenaria: ...
Legal regulation of civil liability of institutions
This article considers the features of regulating civil liability of institutions in view of the recent changes to the legislation and investigates the key issues regarding the application of civil liability to private, public, budgetary, and autonomous institutions. Special attention is paid to the general and specific features of civil liability relating to the use of civil and fiscal legislation. It is concluded that there is a need to unify the rules of civil liability of institutions.
1. Гражданское...
The dynamics of development of cities and local budgets
... offers a geographical analysis of three aspects of financial standing of municipalities:
financial independence, social orientation, territorial equity. The dynamic of development and financial standing are compared in order to identify the role of budgets in the development of cities (stimulating and inhibiting ones).
1. Martin P., Ottaviano G. Growth and agglomeration. L., 1996.
2. Rogers E. M. Diffusion of innovations. N. Y., 1995.
3. Кузнецова О. Социальные аспекты ...