The strongholds of Russian coastal borderlands: economic dynamics amid geopolitical turbulence
... Russian Federation, whose economy, infrastructure, and settlement system have been gravitating towards the sea since the late 1990s, is no exception. This article aims to identify and provide a conceptual framework for the phenomenon of Russia’s coastal borderlands and their constituent ‘strongholds’. It also explores the factors and features of the economic dynamics of the coastal borderlands amid the post-2014 geopolitical turbulence. Economic and statistical methods are used to highlight the irregularity ...
Typoligocal diversity of the strongholds of Russian coastal borderlands: (theoretical and conceptual aspect)
... comprehend and conceptualize the effects of the spatial concentration of the national "marine" economy, as well as its complex formation and clusterization in the framework of the conceptual development of the "strongholds of coastal borderlands", understood as a special socio-geographical (economic-geographical and, at the same time, geo-economic, geopolitical) compact formation in the structure of the coastal zone. The essential features of the "strongholds" are ...
Tourism development in border areas: a benefit or a burden? The case of Karelia
... In this article, I propose a new approach to interpreting the connection between an area’s proximity to the national border and the development of tourism at the municipal level. The aim of this study is to identify the strengths and limitations of borderlands as regards the development of tourism in seven municipalities of Karelia. I examine summarised data available from online and other resources, as well as my own observations. Using median values, I rely on the method of content analysis ...
One Belt - One Road Initiative: A Window of Opportunity for Russia’s Western Border Regions
... — One Road initiative implementation, based on the Chinese and Russian studies. Another goal is to weigh up the risks and benefits associated with the extension of the project to Russian territories. Special attention is paid to Russia’s western borderlands — 17 regions that account for 8.6 % of the country’s territory, 17.4 % of the total GRP, and 20.8 % of the national population. We analyse the factors in effect — including geopolitical ones, as well as current trends in the development ...
Some features of external migration processes in the coastal regions of the Western borderlands of Russia
The combination of two major economic and geographical factors — the presence of the border and access to the sea — largely determine the features of socio-economic development of the coastal regions of the Western borderlands of Russia and, as a consequence, the migration processes here. The purpose of the article is to identify the importance of these factors for migration in the coastal regions of the Western borderlands of Russia. The study showed that almost ...
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
... 40 % of residents of rural areas of the Kaliningrad region did not buy products covered later by the embargo (33 % of residents of urban areas). However, one of the probable explanations for this is the unwillingness of the respondents living in the borderland with Poland to answer questions about the purchase of Polish goods honestly, especially when it came to illegal imports<8>.
The majority of residents who were previously reliant on prohibited food imports had to make significant changes ...
Towards a classification of transboundary tourist and recreation mesoregions in the Baltic region
... zhurnal [Pskov Journal of Regional Studies], no. 4 (40), p. 106—114. doi:
https://doi.org/10.37490/S221979310011766-5
(In Russ.).
6. Stepanova, S. V. 2019, The Northern Ladoga region as a prospective tourist destination in the Russian—Finnish borderland: historical, cultural, ecological and economic aspects, Geographia Polonica, vol. 92, no. 4, p. 409—428. doi:
https://doi.org/10.7163/Gpol.0156
.
7. Stepanova, S. V. 2019, Factors underpinning the development of tourism in Russian—Finnish ...
Demographic Situation and Demographic Security in the Regions of Russia’s Western Borderlands
... and overcoming a skewed age and sex structure. I provide a detailed definition of the notion of demographic security and a list of indicators for evaluating it. I stress typological differences in the demographic situation across Russia’s western borderlands to ensure a differentiated approach to providing regional demographic security. In this study, I use economic- statistical methods, a comparative analysis, and an empirical typology of regions based on the above indicators. In terms of theory,...
Microtoponym of the Smolensk-Belarusian border region (Rudnyansky district)
The features of toponymy in the Smolensk-Belarusian borderland are examined based on microtoponyms and unofficial toponyms in the Rudnya district of the Smolensk region. The material obtained through a survey of local residents is analyzed from various perspectives using selected classifications (based ...
Project approach in transboundary tourism-and-recreation region building: the case of Karelia
... of the Russian-Finnish border and the adjoining areas of Russia and Finland were the model site for the study. The research aims to measure the contribution of international projects run in 1990—2020 to transboundary region building in the Karelian borderlands. The analysis of 80 international municipal projects shows that they gave a boost to region building and development in the study area. Common trends and specific features of international projects carried out in Karelian municipalities have ...
Cross-border tourist mobility as seen by residents of the Karelian borderlands: COVID-19 restrictions
... regular trips to the neighbouring state, frequent contacts with Finnish travellers, marked preferences and a network of contacts with Finnish residents and organisations. The COVID-19 restrictions affected the routines of the residents of the Karelian borderlands more severely than those of people living in the inner municipalities or the regional capital. The findings of the study provide a comprehensive picture of the significance of cross-border tourist mobility (border tourism) and point to spatial ...
Typology of small towns in the western borderland regions of Russia
... agglomerations in the development of any region, it should be noted that small towns perform their equally important function as reference points in the regional framework of the settlement system. In strategic regions, like the ones of the Western borderland, small towns, inter alia, become significant for ensuring national interests along the state border of Russia. The article presents the author's version of the typology of small towns in the Western borderlands of Russia, based on the statistical ...
Coastal and western border centers in the system of large cities of modern Russia: socio-economic and innovation development.
... results of a study of large Russian cities (with a population of more than 100 thousand people, as well as smaller cities with the status of regional capitals), emphasizing two strategically important groups: coastal centers and cities of the Western borderlands of Russia. Having applied economic-statistical analysis for 6 indicators (average salaries and per capita measures of the number of organizations and enterprises, retail trade turnover and public catering, commissioning of houses and the ...
Typological differences between the coastal regions of Russia's Western borderlands
... under study vary from each other, but each of them plays a vital role in the country's economy. The author aims to identify their typological differences in order to improve federal and regional policy towards to the coastal regions of the Western Borderlands. To attain the goal, first, the types of regions under study were identified (according to the selected typological features reflecting the main natural and socio-economic characteristics of the regions) then GRP level, structure and growth ...
Spatio-temporal patterns of knowledge transfer in the borderland
... degree of involvement in transboundary research cooperation varies widely across Russia’s border regions.
Mikhaylov, А. S., Wendt, J. A., Peker, I. Yu., Mikhaylova, А. А.
10.5922/2079-8555-2020-1-8
132-155
knowledge geography, border region, borderland, knowledge transfer, cross-border cooperation, Baltic region
Local border traffic as an efficient tool for developing cross-border cooperation
... — challenges, opportunities and threats], Policy Paper, no. 29 (77), Ocotober, available at: https://www.pism.pl/files/?id_plik=15092 (accessed 21.05.2015).
14. Kolosov, V. A. 2004, Kak izuchat' novoe pogranich'e Rossii? [How to learn a new Russian borderlands?], Mezhdunarodnye processy [International processes], T. 2, no. 3, p. 89—96.
15. Kjetrin Jeshton: Sovet ES ne soglasoval sankcii v otnoshenii RF, no oni vozmozhny [Catherine Ashton: The EU Council has agreed on sanctions against Russia,...
Polish-Russian Small Border Traffic in the Context of Russia-EU Relations
... “Kaliningrad question” — one of the most important issues in Russia-EU relations. The analysis shows that the signing of the Polish-Russian agreement on small border traffic should be viewed as a success. Based on the agreement, the inhabitants of borderlands in Poland and Russia (the Kaliningrad region) can cross the border without obtaining an entry visa. For the inhabitants of the borderlands, the agreement brings a range of significant advantages relating to the intensification of social, cultural,...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... was twofold in 2000, fivefold in 2004 and as large as fourteenfold in 2008 (Fig. 2).
2
Changes in the key international trade metrics in the Kaliningrad region, USD million
Source: compiled based on Rosstat data.<3>
The adaptation of Kaliningrad borderlands to the new geopolitical landscape, status, and border regime emerged as the focus of the EU’s regional interest. By 2003, Euroregions had become viable platforms for cross-border collaborations, with the region involved in more of these ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... region. Researchers from the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, in collaboration with experts from other scientific centres in the country, conducted studies addressing the challenges of economic security in the regions along Russia’s western borderlands. [9], [10]. Special attention is given to the problems of the Baltic region, the relations of Russian subjects located on the Baltic Sea, and, in particular, the Kaliningrad region [11], [12].
In this study, I have assessed the perspectives ...
The geopolitical effect of the maritime factor on the spatial development of post-Soviet Russia: the Baltic case
... linked to the priority goal of strengthening Russia’s geostrategic standing in the Baltic region, particularly with a focus on its maritime components. These developments are anticipated within the context of the Russian Baltic Area, envisioned as a borderland with trans-basin geopolitical, economic-geographical, and geocultural bi-structural asymmetry.
Introduction and problem setting
The manifestations and consequences of today’s massive geopolitical and geopolitical shifts are all-encompassing ...
Geography of the mobile internet in the border and interior regions of Russia
... either created in their region of residence or specifically for it. Additionally, internet users in neighbouring countries, sharing cultural and linguistic commonalities, tend to exhibit similar online behaviour [37].
An investigation based on Russian borderland data [38] reveals that users from these regions actively seek information regarding border regions and cities in neighbouring states more actively than the national average. Consequently, the challenge of culturally and geographically positioning ...
Petroleum as a space for non-translation: Hikmet, Negarestani, Parshchikov
... Michael Palmer and Oil by Aleksei Parshchikov. Literature of the Americas, 12, pp. 102—114,
https://doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2022-12-102-114
(in Russ.).
Meyer, J. H., 2014. Turks across Empires: Marketing Muslim Identity in the Russian-Ottoman Borderlands, 1856—1914. Oxford.
Meyer, J. H., 2021. Red Star over The Black Sea. Nâzim Hikmet and his Generation. Oxford.
Morton, T., 2013. Hyperobjects. Philosophy and Ecology after the End of the World. Minneapolis; London.
Nasr, S. Kh., 2014. ...
Demographic development processes in the history of the Kaliningrad region: national trends and regional specifics
... scenarios for the demographic development of the Kaliningrad region, Vestnik IKBFU. Natural and Medical sciences, № 3, p. 5—21 (in Russ.).
20. Fedorov, G. M. 2018, Demographic Situation and Demographic Security in the Regions of Russia’s Western Borderlands, Balt. Reg., vol. 10, № 3, p. 119—135,
https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2018-3-7
.
21. Notestein, F. W. 1945, Population. The Long View. Food for the World, Chicago Press, p. 35—57.
22. Vishnevsky, A. G. 2017, Unresolved issues in ...
Attractiveness of the Kaliningrad region: pull factors and reasons for disappointments of migrants from Russian regions
... Daily life and migration of the population (on the example of the Belgorod-Kharkov section of the border). In: Kolosov, V. A., Vendina, O. I. (eds.), Rossiisko-Ukrainskoe pogranich’e: dva-dtsat’ let razdelennogo edinstva [Russian-Ukrainian borderland: twenty years of divided unity], Novyi Khronograf, p. 162—180 (in Russ.).
29. Hrynkevych, O. 2017, Cross-border factor of educational migration of Ukrainian youth to Poland: social-economic opportunities and threats, Economic Annals-ХХI,...
International positioning of the region: the image of the Kaliningrad region in the media space of the Baltic states
... population of the Kaliningrad region of Russia, Ekonomicheskaya Politika, vol. 12, № 2, p. 180—207 (in Russ.).
25. Zotova, M. V., Sebentsov, A. B., Golovina, E. D. 2015, Transcarpathian oblast and Kaliningrad oblast: Contrasts and cooperation in the east borderlands of the European Union, Reg. Res. Russ, № 5, p. 212—222. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970515030119
.
Tarasov, I.N., Urazbaev, E. Е.
10.5922/2079-8555-2022-2-3
38-52
image, positioning, strategy, cooperation, trade, Kaliningrad ...
Cross-border digitalization of the western border of Russia: potential and prospects
... academic and practical interest in substantiating the mutual effects of digitalization, innovation and internationalization for the regions. This article is devoted to assessing the potential and prospects of cross-border digitalization of the Western borderland of Russia. The objectives of the study were to identify the gap between border regions in the level of accessibility and penetration of digital technologies, as a significant condition for the formation of cross-border digital connections. ...
The marine component of human geography studies in Post-Soviet Russia: key trends and development priorities
....5922/2074-2079-8555-4-4.
48. Fedorov, G. M., Korneevets, V. S. 2015, Socioeconomic typology of Russia’s coastal regions, Balt. Reg., no. 4, p. 89—101. doi:
https://doi.org/
1010.5922/2079-8555-2015-4-7.
49. Druzhinin, A. G. 2020, The strongholds of Russian coastal borderlands: economic dynamics amid geopolitical turbulence, Balt. Reg., vol. 12, no. 3, p. 89—104. doi:
https://doi.org/
10.5922/2079-8555-2020-3-6.
50. Volkhin, D. A. 2016, “Primorsky factor” of socio-economic and demographic dynamics of the ...
Sustainable development of coastal regions: geographical and geopolitical factors and limitations
... Baklanov, P. Y. 2019, Spatial structures of nature management in regional development, Geography and Natural Resources, Т. 40, no. 1, p. 1—8. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1875372819010013
.
Druzhinin, A. G. 2020, The strongholds of Russian coastal borderlands: economic dynamics amid geopolitical turbulence, Balt. Reg., vol. 12, no.
3
, p. 89—104. doi:
https://doi.org/
10.5922/2079-8555-2020-3-6.
Baklanov P.Ya.
10.5922/2079-8555-2022-1-1
4-16
water and land region, integrated geosystem,...
Transport connectivity as a factor in overcoming challenges of the periphery: the case of rural areas in the Kaliningrad region
... center of Russia: trends, problems, possible solutions, Demograficheskoe obozrenie [Demographic Review], vol. 7, no. 2, p. 31—53 (in Russ.).
3. Romanova, E.A., Vinogradova, O.L., Frizina, I.V. 2015, The effect of compression of socio-economic space in borderland conditions (on the example of the Northwestern Federal District), Balt. Reg., no. 3, p. 28—46. doi:
https://dx.doi.org/10.5922%20/2074-9848-2015-3-3
.
4. Alekseev, A.I., Krasnoslobodtsev, V.P., Gladkova, O.N. 2007, Territorial mobility of ...
The remaking of geopolitical space and institutional transformations: the case of the Baltic Region
... Conquest and the Law in Swedish Livonia (ca. 1630—1710). A Case of Legal Pluralism in Early Modern Europe. Leiden, Boston, p. 85—150, available at:
https://brill.com/downloadpdf/title/33908.pdf
(accessed 3.07.2010).
38. Drost, A. 2010, Historical Borderlands in the Baltic Sea Area Layers of Cultural Diffusion and New Borderland Theories: The Case of Livonia, Journal of History for the Public, no. 7, p. 10—24.
Barakhvostov, P. A.
10.5922/2079-8555-2021-3-3
42-57
institutions, institutional ...
Implementation of the INTERREG program in the Kaliningrad region and neighboring countries: a brief overview
... executors). Projects beneficiaries on the Lithuanian-Polish borderland in 2020 were also interviewed and it helped to compare the implementation procedures of the projects co-financed by the Interreg Programme: the projects on the Lithuanian-Polish borderland with the projects of the CBC programmes «Poland — Russia» и «Lithuania — Russia». The study also referred to the results of the official evaluation of the Interreg Programmes made in 2018 and 2019 on the other European borders. The ...
Potential of Russian-Indian scientific cooperation (the case of western border regions of Russia)
... commercialization of results and the generation of innovations. The article assesses the potential for enhancing Russian-Indian interaction in various fields of scientific knowledge. The geography of the study is 268 cities of India and 44 cities of the Western borderland of Russia. The research hypothesis supports the assumption that in Indian-Russian scientific cooperation, the factor of territorial remoteness can be compensated by a similar level of scientific and technological (S&T) development and the ...
Geopolitical turbulence and its economic and geographical projections: the case of Russia’s western border regions
... regions and large urban agglomerations. Such changes are obvious and significant for society; they are reflected in the public consciousness and embodied in scientific discourse.
Druzhinin A.G.
geopolitics, geopolitical turbulence, Russia, Western Borderlands, regions, regional economic development
5-15
Rural areas of russia’s north-west borderland: problems and development paths
This article focuses on the rural areas of Russia’s North-West borderlands, particularly, the municipal districts and towns that are closest to the national border. The study aims to identify problems in the development of these territories and provide solutions to them. The methodological framework employed is the ...
Russia-European Union and Russian-Chinese borderlands: economic and demographic dimension
In the modern world, the intensity of inter-civilizational, intercultural and interstate interaction is increasing. Border regions, territories where this interaction involves direct contact, are of great importance in this process. This has given rise to a new area of research — border region studies. The Russian Federation has the longest state border, the largest number of neighbouring countries, and centuries of experience in the peaceful existence and cooperation between different cultures...
Trends in the development of cross-border trade in the Russian-Finnish borderlands
This article considers the development of cross-border trade and tourism in the Russian- Finnish borderlands in the 19th/21st centuries. We describe the evolution of cross-border trade in the Russian-Finnish borderlands at different stages of the territory’s development. The patterns of cross-border trade have always been depended on the national ...
Population Change in the Neighbouring Regions of Russia and the European Union States
... attain the aims of the study, I analyse official data from Russian and EU statistical offices and map the results obtained. I identify significant differences between border regions and cities. The most adverse demographic situation is observed in the borderlands of the Baltics, a slightly better one in Poland and Finland. As to Russia’s border regions, a population increase is characteristic of Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions. Yet, a number of cities in the immediate vicinity ...
Western border regions of Russia: delimitation, structure, typology
... Федоров Г. М. Калининградская дилемма: «коридор развития» или «двойная периферия»? // Балтийский регион. 2010. № 2. С. 5—15.
Druzhinin A. G.
border, Russia, Western borderlands, regions, geopolitics, typology
2019
Geopolitical development potential of the Russian exclusive region: search for key strategy and mechanisms for its implementation in new conditions
... международные отношения. 2001. № 2. С. 97—103.
15. Шахрай С. Калининград. В нашу гавань заходили корабли // Международная жизнь. 2001. № 11. С. 44—48.
16. Advances in European Borderlands Studies / еd. by Z. Kurcz, E. Opiłowska, J. Roose. Baden-Baden, 2017.
17. Anderson E. W. Global Geopolitical Flashpoints: An Atlas of Conflict. L., 2016.
18. Christiansen T. The European Union and Global Governance // Global Governance ...
Lexical chellenges of computer games translation
...
http://elderscrolls
. wikia.com/wiki/Locations (дата обращения: 13.06.2018).
8. Finding Paradise // STEAM. URL:
https://store.steampowered.com/app/
337340/Finding_Paradise/ (дата обращения: 13.06.2018).
9. Tales from the Borderlands // STEAM. URL:
https://store.steampowered.com/
app/330830/Tales_from_the_Borderlands/ (дата обращения: 13.06.2018).
10. Petrů J. Video game translation in the Czech Republic — from fan translation to professionalism // MUNI....
Discursive practices of the Russian diaspora in Estonia: language contacts
... Slavica Estonica. Vol. VIII. Tartu. pp. 78-88 (in Russ.).
Kostandi, E.I., 2016г. Typical discourse of the diaspora: language selfidentification. In: Kul'turnyi landshaft Pogranich'ya: proshloe, nastoyashchee, budushchee [The cultural landscape of the Borderlands: past, present, future]. Pskov, pp. 115-121 (in Russ.).
Külmoja, I., 2000. Specific features of the language of the Russian diaspora in Estonia. In: Trudy po russkoi i slavyanskoi filologii. Lingvistika. Novaya seriya. III. Yazyk diaspory: ...
Development factors and regularities of the territorial structure of nature management
... Vol. 114, iss. 2—4. P. 296—310. URL:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.11.017
(дата обращения: 03.05.2017).
25. Palang H., Semm K., Verstraete L. Time borders: Change of practice and experience through time layers // Journal of Borderlands Studies. 2011. № 24:2. Р. 92—105.
26. Prishchepov A. V., Müller D., Bauman M. et al. Underlying Drivers and Spatial Determinants of post-Soviet Agricultural Land Abandonment in Temperate Eastern Europe // Land-Cover and Land-Use Changes ...
The history of the integration between Russia’s Kaliningrad region and Poland’s northeastern voivodeships: A programme approach
... transgranicznej w procesie integracji europejskiej. In: Woźniak, M. G. (ed.) Spójność ekonomiczna a modernizacja regionów transgranicznych, p. 95—105.
32. Kretinin, G. V., Mironyuk, D. A., Tarasov, I. N., Kuznetsova, T. Y. 2016, Dialogue of the borderland: from Euro Regions to Local Border Traffic. Political and geographical aspects, International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, Vol. 11, no. 17, p. 10485—10492.
33. Lepik, K.-L. 2009, Euroregions as mechanisms for strengthening ...
Russia’s North-West Borders: Tourism Resource Potential
.... 1, p. 21―27.
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http://twistedsifter.com/2012/05/famous-tripoints-around-the-world/
(accessed 17.07.2016).
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Stepanova S. V.
https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2017-2-6
76-87
tourism development, border, tourist resource, tourist destination, border regions, Northwestern Federal district
Legal aspects of the EU policy on irregular immigration
... conclusion is that the European Union succeeded in the development of pioneering legislation on irregular immigration, which can serve as the basis for reception by other states. However, changes in the political and economic situation in the EU’s southern borderlands made the current legal mechanisms incapable of withstanding new threats. It necessitates a radical reform of the legislation on irregular immigration.
1. Frontex Annual Risk Analysis 2015, 2015, available: http://frontex.europa.eu/assets/Publications/Risk_Analysis/Annual_Risk_Analysis_2015....
The Role of Tourism in the Development of Russia’s Northwestern Border Regions
... [Tourist regional studies: the impact of regional integration on the world tourist market], Moscow, p. 176.
4. Bolychev, O., Gumenyuk, I., Kuznetsova, T. 2015, Local border traffic and the development of retail trade in the Kaliningrad region and Polish borderlands, Balt. Reg., no.4 (26), p. 135—149. DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2015-4-8.
5. Generalnaya shema razmescheniya ob’ektov I infrastruktury turizma v razvitie Shemy territorialnogo planirovaniya Respubliki Karelia [General layout object known and ...
Structural Changes in the Economy of the Russian Northwest: Spatial Dimension
....
15. Kemeny, T., Storper, M. 2015, Is Specialization Good for Regional Economic Development? Regional Studies, T. 49, Vol. 6, p. 1003—1018.
16. Kortelainen, J., Rannikko, P. 2015, Positionality Switch: Remapping Resource Communities in Russian Borderlands, Economic Geography, T. 91, Vol. 1, p. 59—81.
17. Noseleit, F. 2015, The Role of Entry and Market Selection for the Dynamics of Regional Diversity and Specialization, Regional Studies, T. 49, Vol. 1, p. 76—94.
18. Onsager, K., Isaksen,...
Local border traffic and the development of retail trade in the Kaliningrad region and Polish borderlands
... often discussed in the international dialogue. The three years of LBT mechanism have shown its practical significance for the development of research and cultural contacts, cooperation between municipalities and NGOs of the Kaliningrad region and the borderland (Pomeranian and Warmian-Masurian) voivodeships of Poland. When considering retail trade as a structural element of economy, it is important to address the differences in the effect LBT has had on the development of this sector in the Kaliningrad ...
The Youth in Kaliningrad, Gdansk and Klaipeda: Geopolitical Vision of the World, Identity and Images of the Other
... vision of the world as Russian citizens, why Russia is not Europe?], Polis [policy], no. 5, p. 170—187.
13. Krylov, М. P. 2012, Kategorija «identichnost'» v kontekste problemy prigranichij [The category of "identity" in the context of the borderland], Mir psihologii [World of Psychology], no. 1, p.137—151.
14. Sebentsov, A., Zotova, M. 2013, Geography and economy of the Kaliningrad region: limitations and prospects of development, Balt. Reg., no. 4 (18), p. 81—94. DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2013-4-8....
The Development of New Trans-border Water Routes in the South-East Baltic: Methodology and Practice
... trans-border cooperation. TILTAI, Bridges, Social sciences, Klaipeda University. 2009. № 3.
32. Palmowski T. (red.) Pogranicze polsko-rosyjskie. Problemy współpracy transgranicznej z Obwodem Kaliningradzkim. Gdynia — Pelplin, 2007.
33. Spiriajevas E. Borderlands of Lithuania and Kaliningrad Region of Russia: Gudelines for Comparative Geographic Approach // Human Resources — the Main Factor of Regional Development. Journal of Social Sciences No. 2. Klaipėda University Regional Policy and Planning ...