Pure and Impure Philosophy in Kant’s Metaphilosophy
... philosophy: (i) ‘pure logic’ vs. ‘applied logic’; (ii) ‘rational psychology’ vs. ‘empirical psychology’; (iii) ‘pure metaphysics of nature’ vs. ‘physics’ and (iv) ‘pure morality’ or a ‘metaphysics of morals’ vs. ‘moral anthropology’, ‘practical anthropology’ or ‘applied moral philosophy’. Based on this, I identify four key differences between pure and impure philosophy. Second, I critically examine four different readings of Kant’s views about the status ...
Immaturity and the objective of a true reform in ways of thinking. Part I.
... characteristics; secondly, unlimited use of one’s understanding can lead to logical egoism (and other forms thereof) consisting in denying the necessity of verifying one’s judgements with the help of the understandingof others. In the Critique of Judgement and Anthropology, Kant describes his position in more detail supplementing the negative maxim of independent thinking with a positive maxim of thinking oneself in the position of others and the maxim of consistent and coherent thinking. Moreover, the requirement ...
On the morals-centrism of Kant’s transcendental anthropology and the role of morals in human nature
This article proves that Kant’s philosophical system is a system of transcendental anthropology, which acts as a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason over theoretical reason. The humanity ...
On the morals-centeredness of Kant’s transcendental anthropology and on the role of morals in the human nature
This article proves that the philosophical system of Kant is a system of transcendental anthropology, which acts a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason over the theoretical one. The humanity ...
On the moralcentrism of Kant's transcendental anthropology and the role of morals in human nature (continuation)
This article proves that Kant's philosophical system is a system of transcendental anthropology, which acts as a method in Kant’s pragmatic anthropology. The essence of transcendental anthropology is the metaphysics of morals. This role of morals manifests itself in the primacy of practical reason over the theoretical one. The humanity ...
Immaturity and the objective of a true reform in ways of thinking. Part II
... characteristics; secondly, unlimited use of one’s understanding can lead to logical egoism (and other forms thereof) consisting in denying the necessity of verifying one’s judgements with the help of the understanding of others.In the Critique of Judgement and Anthropology, Kant describes his position in more detail supplementing the negative maxim of independent thinking with a positive maxim of thinking oneself in the position of others and the maxim of consistent and coherent thinking. Moreover, the re¬quirement ...
Some methodological problems of military and historical anthropology
This article considers the contentious issues of modern military anthropology, including research methodology. The author focuses on the use of anthropology as a method of historical research since the early 19th century until today. The problem of correlation between the subjective and objective in the objective of ...
Kant between liberalism and conservatism
... understanding of aims and values of a political process (which is, however, quite remote from the pluralism and individualism of some contemporary theories) is balanced by his reservations concerning the prospects of their realization, based on his «empirical anthropology», which is remarkably close to conservative skepticism. Kant's liberalism lies in the domain that he called «pure» or «metaphysical», whereas his «empirical», «real-world» estimation of the prospects of liberal project is approaching ...
The wasted years. Another take on the achievements, problems, and shortcomings of the academic collection of Kant’s works
The possibilities for improvement of the first volumes of the Academic edition of Kant’s works are discussed. The collegiality and deliberativeness of the researchers and institutions, involved in Kantian studies, which allowed for the high quality of early volumes, is absent today. The responsible institutions and publishers do not react to information regarding even the most obvious shortcomings and mistakes that could be easily corrected, while the plans for future reprints are based predominantly...
Anthropological foundations of John Rawls' political theory
The analysis of Rawls’ anthropological model, underlying his theory of justice, reveals its complex basis: on one hand, it is an attempt to attach broader and deeper Kantian philosophical foundations to “ratonal egoist” of classical utilitarianism (idea of autonomy, ability ...
Anthropological foundations of John Rawls' political theory
The analysis of Rawls’ anthropological model, underlying his theory of justice, reveals its complex basis: on one hand, it is an attempt to attach broader and deeper Kantian philosophical foundations to “rational egoist” of classical utilitarianism (idea of autonomy, ability ...
Immanuel Kant in the Conversations and Reflections of Nikolay Strakhov
...
Kalinnikov, L. A., 2016. Filosofsko-poeticheskoe mirovozzrenie A.A. Feta. Vliyanie I. Kanta i A. Schopenhauera [Philosophical and Poetic Worldview of A. A. Feta. Influence of I. Kant and A. Schopenhauer]. Kaliningrad: IKBFU Press. (In Rus.)
Kant, I., 2007. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited by G. Zöller and R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 227-429.
Krouglov, A. N., 2012. Kant i kantovskaya filosofiya v russkoj ...
Levels of context: how textual analysis becomes discourse analysis: the case of Internet lifestyle media
... Analysis: Discourse and the emerging Internet. London and New York,
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Silverstein, M., 1976. Shifters, Linguistic Categories, and Cultural Description. In: K. H. Basso and H. A. Selby, eds. Meaning in Anthropology. Albuquerque, pp. 11—55.
Silverstein, M., 1992. The Indeterminacy of Contextualization: When Is Enough Enough? In: P. Auer and A. Di Luzio, eds. The Contextualization of Language, pp. 55—76,
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
...
“They call the main entrance a porch”: social meaning in semantics and metapragmatics
The paper analyzes the concept of social meaning, which has been conceptualized in lexical semantics since the 1980s and has become central in modern sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. It has been used to describe pragmatic increments in the meaning of a language unit, which it receives in context. New explanatory approaches have developed from a sociolinguistic perspective in metapragmatics, where social meaning is ...
Semantic and Stylistic Features of Kant’s Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and the Sublime: The Art of Seeing and Describing an Object
... moral and mental properties of human nature. The authors show that Kant’s use of “aesthetic” wording in the title of his treatise does not announce that his aim is analysis of artistic perception and practices, but mainly refers to the form of his anthropological study and conceptualisation of scientific knowledge. Kant has transferred the technique of visualisation from natural sciences to the objects of philosophical inquiry, thus contributing to the development in the humanities of representative ...
Naturalising Kant
...
Strawson, P. F., 1966. The Bounds of Sense. London: Methuen.
Sturm, T., 2017. What Did Kant Mean by, and Why Did He Adopt a Cosmopolitan Point of View in History? In: J. Schaffner and H. Wardle, eds. 2017. Cosmopolitics: The Collected Papers of the Open Anthropology Cooperative, Volume I. St. Andrews: Open Anthropology Cooperative Press, 2017, pp. 72-88.
Categorical Imperative, third formulation, moral philosophy, naturalism, moral progress, moral methodology, Rawls, Scanlon
Kitcher Ph.
118-146
...
Ethnography in Translation Studies: an object and a research methodology
... problems (with Eugene Nida), then as an object (within the cultural turn) and more recently as a research methodology to document and analyze translation and interpreting events in context. The author shows how, in the early seventies, both cultural anthropology and TS saw a change in paradigm that brought the two disciplines closer at the surface level (as the metaphor of culture as a text gained grounds), but that draw them very much apart from an epistemological viewpoint. Indeed, while ethnography ...
Why Kant’s “Ethical State” Might Prove Instrumental in Challenging Current Social Pathologies
... Translated and edited by P. Guyer and A. W. Wood. Cambridge University Press.
Kant, I., 2004. Vorlesung zur Moralphilosophie. Edited by W. Stark. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Kant, I., 2007a. Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Aim. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited by G. Zöller and R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 107-120.
Kant, I., 2007b. Lectures on Pedagogy. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited by G. Zöller and R....
Watershed or Cul-de-Sac? Disputes in the Theological Reception of Kant’s Philosophy
Kant’s turn to the subject has changed the epistemological conditions for theology. Four intellectual backgrounds of objections are examined: an Aristotelian and Thomistic teleological order of nature (1); Augustinianism based on original sin in which human agency is completely attributed to God’s grace (2); a Hegelian critique of the deontological conception of an “unconditional ought” which also puts Kant’s postulate of the existence of God into question (3); the combination in Radical...
The Problem of the Relationship between Apperception, Self-Consciousness and Consciousness in Kant’s Critical Philosophy
... Translated and edited by G. Hatfield. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kant, I., 2005. Notes and Fragments. Edited by P. Guyer, translated by C. Bowman, P. Guyer and F. Rauscher. New York & Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kant, I., 2007. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Translated and edited by R. B. Louden. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kitcher, P., 2015. Bewusstsein. In: M. Willaschek, J. Stolzenberg, G. Mohr,...
Types of Representational Content in Kant
... pp. 353-603.
Kant, I., 2007. The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures. In: I. Kant, Theoretical Philosophy 1755–1770. Translated and edited by D. Walford and R. Meerbote. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 85-105.
Kant, I., 2009. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. Translated by R. B. Louden. In: G. Zöller and R. B. Louden, eds. 2009. Anthropology, History, and Education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 231-429.
Longuenesse, B., 2000. Kant and the Capacity ...
The Role of the Sublime in Kant’s Religion: Moral Motivation and Empirical Possibility
... Critique of Pure Reason. Translated and edited by P. Guyer and A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kant, I., 2000. Critique of the Power of Judgement. Translated and edited by P. Guyer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kant, I., 2007. Anthropology from a pragmatic Point of View. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. The Cambdrige Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant. Translated and edited by R. B. Louden, G. Zöller. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 227-429....
Logic Manuals for Women in the Late Enlightenment Era
...
Kant, I., 1991. An Answer to the Question: ‘What is Enlightenment?’ In: I. Kant, 1991. Political Writings. Edited by H. S. Reiss, translated by H. B. Nisbet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 54-60.
Kharitonova, А. М., 2016. Medical Anthropology in the 18th Century and Development of Anthropology Discipline. Voprosy Filosofii, 6, pp. 96-106.
Kharitonova, А. М., 2016. Understanding the Human Body in the German-speaking Philosophy of the 18th Century. In: Blauberg, I. I., Chickina,...
The text in the context of the Tartu Semiotic School: problems and prospects
... Yu. I., Segal, D. M., Timenchik, R. D., Toporov, V. N., Tsiv'yan, T. V., 1974. Russian semantic poetics as a potential cultural paradigm. Russian Literature, 7(8), pp. 47—82 (in Russ.).
Levi-Stross, K., 1985. Structural analysis in linguistics and anthropology. In: K. Levi-Stross, ed. Strukturnaya antropologiya [Structural Anthropology]. Moscow: Glavnaya redaktsiya vostochnoi literatury (in Russ.).
Leuta, O. N., 2009. Yu. M. Lotman on the three functions of the text. In: V. Kantor, ed. Yurii ...
Сoastal exclaves among enclosed territories of the world
... War // Current Issues in Political Philosophy. Vienna, 1997. P. 394—403.
7. Whyte B. Waiting for the Esquimo: an historical and documentary study of the Cooch Behar enclaves of India and Bangladesh : PhD thesis // Research Paper. № 8. School of Anthropology, Geography and Environmental Studies. Melbourne, 2002.
8. Whyte B. Bordering on the Ridiculous? A Comparison of the Baarle and Cooch Behar Enclaves // The Globe. 2002. № 53. P. 43—61.
9. Whyte B. “En territoire Belge et a quarante centimetres ...
«The Life and Opinions of Tomcat Murr…» in light of worldly and metaphysical views of Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann. Part II
The paper attempts to demostrate that E. T. A. Hoffmann’s novel «The Life and Opinions of Tomcat Murr…» has build in accordance with the classification of anthropological types in Kant’s work «Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft».
1. Гофман Э. Т. А. Житейские воззрения кота Мурра… // Гофман Э. Т. А. Крейслериана. Житейские ...
Über die Rolle der Ideen Kants in der Entwicklung der Logik und der universitären Philosophie in Russland
... early 20th century implied that Kant's ideas influenced logic via its philosophical foundations (empiricism versus the rationalistic aspects of Kant's philosophy). It was especially evident in the interpretations of logic in terms of psychologism and anthropologism ensuing from empiricism.
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2. Бажанов В. А. История логики в России и СССР....
«The Life and Opinions of Tomcat Murr…» in light of worldly and metaphysical views of Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann. Part I
The paper attempts to demostrate that E. T. A. Hoffmann’s novel «The Life and opinions of Tomcat Murr…» has build in accordance with the classification of anthropological types in Kant’s work «Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft».
1. Гёте И. В. Годы учения Вильгельма Мейстера. Кн. 6 // И. В. Гёте. Собр. соч. : в 10 т. Т. 7. М....
The concept of body and the problem of demarcation in new European metaphysics: from Descartes to Kant
... und der Seele des Menschen, auch allen Dingen überhaupt, anderer Theil, bestehend in ausführlichen Anmerckungen, und zu besserem Verstande und bequemerem Gebrauche derselben. Frankfurt am Main, 1740.
41. Zammito J. H. Kant, Herder, and the Birth of Anthropology. Chicago, 2002.
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matter, physical body (Körper), human body (Leib), machine, soul, dualism, anthropology, cartesianism, occasionalism, influxus physicus theory,...
Moral inscrutability and self-constitution in Kant (translated from the English by V. Belonogova and D. Khizanishvili, edited by V. Chaly)
... Boundary of Intelligibility: Kant’s Conception of Radical Evil and the Limits of Ethical Discourse. The Review of Metaphysics, 58(3), pp. 571—84.6. Felicitas Munzel, G., 1999. Kant’s Conception of Moral Character: The “Critical” Link of Morality, Anthropology, and Reflective Judgment. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.7. Frierson, P., 2010. Kantian Moral Pessimism. In: Anderson-Gold, S. and Muchnik, P. eds., 2010. Kant’s Anatomy of Evil. Cambridge University Press. pp. 33—56.8. Frierson,...
I. Kant in the development of N. O. Lossky’s philosophical views: The case of a translation
... внутреннее условие философского знания (Лейбниц, Кант, Лосский) // Русская и европейская философия: пути схождения и расхождения. СПб., 1999. URL: http://anthropology.ru/ru/person/malevannyy-dv/ text/intuiciya-kak-vnutrennee-uslovie-filosofskogo-znaniya-leybnic-kant-losskiy (дата обращения: 19.06.2015).
21. Попова В. С. Сравнительный анализ интерпретации ...
Linguistic Means Expressing Argumentation in Judicial Discourse late 19th: The Prosecutor’s Speech in Dostoevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov
... 4(1), pp. 169—175.
2. Brjushinkin, V. N., 1999. The system model of argumentation. In: Transcendental'naja antropologija i logika: Trudy mezhdunarodnogo seminara «Antropologija s sovremennoj tochki zrenija» i VIII Kantovskih chtenij [Transcendental Anthropology and Logic: Proceedings of the International Seminar "Anthropology from a Modern Perspective" and the VIII Kantian Readings]. Kaliningrad. pp. 137—160.
3. Volkov, A. A., 2013. Teorija ritoricheskoj argumentacii [The theory of rhetorical ...
‘The Radical Black Colour’. On the Semantics of the Black Colour in Anarchist Discourse
... criticism of power and the state. The anarchist black colour is counterposed to the white colour — a symbol of power in many cultures. The author shows that the idea of destruction, which the black colour of anarchy manifests, is correlated with the anthropological universals of visual experience. This idea is connected with the prototypical root of the colour black — the night, which is associated with chaos across many cultures. The protest semantics of the colour black is increasingly used in ...
Energy and the Ways of its Conceptualisation in Cognition: an Attempt at an Epistemological Analysis
... Vera i kul'tura [Faith and culture]. St. Petersburg.
44. Khoruzhii, S. S., 1994. Posle pereryva. Puti russkoi filosofii [After the break. The ways of russian philosophy]. St. Petersburg.
45. Khoruzhii, S. S., 1995. Analytical dictionary of hesychast anthropology. In: S. S. Khoruzhii, ed. Sinergiya. Problemy asketiki i mistiki Pravoslaviya [Synergy. Problems of asceticism and mysticism of Orthodoxy]. Moscow. pp. 42—150.
46. Khoruzhii, S. S., 2000. O starom i novom [On the old and the new]. St. Petersburg....
Family ethics and philosophy of love in Kant’s Lectures on Ethics
... // Kant, Immanuel. Sochineniya v 6 tomach. (Pod obshchey redakciey V. F. Asmusa, A. V. Gulygi, T. I. Ojzermana), V. 4. Pt. 2. Moscow: “Mysl”, 1965. P. 107—438.
2. Kant 1966 — Kant, Immanuel. Antropologija s pragmatitscheskoj tochki zrenija (Anthropology from a pragmatic Point of View) // Kant, Immanuel. Sochineniya v 6 tomach. (Pod obshchey redakciey V. F. Asmusa, A. V. Gulygi, T. I. Ojzermana), V.6. Moscow: “Mysl”, 1966. P. 349—588.
3. Kant 1997 — Kant, Immanuel. Osnovopolozheniye ...
The concept of paradigm in the theories of R. Merton and T. Kuhn: A comparative analysis
... Merton R. K. Paradigms: The Codification of Sociological Theory // On social structure and science. Chiсago, 1946. P. 57—62.
3. Кун Т. Структура научных революций. М., 2009.
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5. Кожанов А. А. Рецепция идей Роберта Мертона в развитии социологии науки // Выступление в рамках ...
Betwee the thing and the human being: the ethical and anthropological problems in V. Nabokov’s novel Despair
The article considers the ethical and anthropological component of double discourse in V. Nabokov’s novel Despair. The author considers the problem of comparison between a person and a thing addressed by Nabokov. Parallels to the doppelganger discussion and ethical criticism in Russian ...
Philosophical and Anthropological Ideas of Vasily Rosanov in the Problem Field of Russian Thinking Abroad
The article considers the anthropological problems of gender, proceeding from the interaction of natural and spiritual world content. The author reveals the specific character of Vasily Rosanov‘s views on the meaning of sexual relations.
1.
Бердяев Н.
А.
О ...
The image of Svyatopolk in the Tale of Boris and Gleb: predestination or freedom of choice?
The hagiographical image of Svyatopolk is analysed as one determined by Christian anthropology. The author asserts that Svyatopolk performs an evil deed neither due to predestination, nor under the influence of fatal circumstances, but of his own free will. Svyatopolk embodies the model of a person of string will, which is opposed ...
Anthropological ideas of Immanuel Kant and the problem of interreligious conflicts in the modern society
This article analyses Kant's anthropological ideas, his interpretation of affections and passions of human soul. It is claimed that everything that is inconsistent with reason, including passions and affections, should play a secondary, subordinate role in religion. Religious conflicts ...
Social practices and mechanisms of socialization of uncertainty
This work is an attempt to develop a social theory of uncertainty. The author carries out an analysis of social phenomena (personality, organizations and institutions) on the basis of anthropological presuppositions about the nature and features of uncertainty. The analysis rests on the concepts of multiple forms of capital, different orders of value, and field and habitus theory.
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Becker G.
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“The Life and Opinions of Tomcat Murr…” in the light of worldly and metaphysical views of Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann. Part III
This article sets out to demonstrate that E. T. A. Hoffmann’s novel “The Life and Opinions of Tomcat Murr…” is cvonstructed in accordance with the classification of anthropological types given n Kant’s work “Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft”.
1. Гофман Э. Т. А. Житейские воззрения кота Мура…// Гофман Э. Т. А. Крейсле- риана. ...
Moral theology and the cosmological argument. Comments and delibera¬tions on a little-known Reflection of Kant
This essay concerns an unusual note of Kant’s that has been available in Hamburg since the 1920s but otherwise neglected in the Kant literature. This small 8 x 6.3 cm sheet belonged to the manuscript collector Oskar Ulex (1852—1934), who appears to have bought it from a dealer in France. Writing covers both sides of the sheet, with moral theology discussed on one side, and the cosmological proof on the other. A transcription and description of the sheet is provided, followedby a “Question &...
Kant's philosophical ideas in Rober Nozik's political theory
... and the second formula of his categorical imperative (“the principle of humanity as an end in itself”) for the justification of his libertarian “minimal state”. This article analyses and criticizes this attempt on the following grounds: a) the anthropological models of Kant's and Nozik's theories are incommensurable; b) different notions of human nature result in different understandings of freedom — for Nozik it is the basic property of human nature, for Kant it is the result of entering ...
Kant — a leap out the world of Enlightenment
... introduced into philosophy are the results of this initial achievement. Whereas the Enlightenment formulated the principle of naturalism as a basic one for the comprehensive understanding of the world, Kant juxtaposed it with the principles of transcendental anthropology. As a result, it requires a new understanding of 1) the nature and its relation to human consciousness and 2) the active and, thus, tirfucntional, structure of human consciousness.
1. Вебер М. Теория ступеней и направлений ...
J. N. Tetens’s ‘transcendental philosophy’ as a basic science¬ and criti¬cal propaedeutics to metaphysics
In his treatise On General Speculative Philosophy, J. N. Tetens sets out to justify the possibility and necessity of metaphysics as a general speculative science. His primary objective is to defend metaphysics against the opponents, the most serious of which, in Tetens’s opinion, is D. Hume. In this connection, Tetens sharply criticises traditional empiricism and develops a new perspective on experience and the bases of its certainty. The main target of his critique is ‘popular philosophy’...
The concept of body and the problem of demarcation in new European metaphysics: from Descartes to Kant
... Critique of Pure Reason // The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant / Tr. and ed. by P. Guyer, A. W. Wood. Cambridge, 1998.
19. Kant I. Essays on the Maladies of the Head // The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant in Translation. Anthropology, History, and Education / Ed. by G. Zöller, R. B. Louden. Cambridge, 2007.
20. Kant I. Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces // The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant in Translation. Natural Science / Ed. by E. Watkins....
The Role of the Kantian “Power of Judgment” in the “Nonmodern” Study of Conscious Experience
... Iskusstvo. (In Rus.)
Kant, I., 1994b. Kritika chistogo razuma [The Critique of Pure Reason]. Moscow: Mysl’. (In Rus.)
Latour, B., 2006. Novogo Vremeni ne bylo: Esse po simmetrichnoy antropologii [We Have Never Been Modern: An Essay on Symmetrical Anthropology]. St. Petersburg: Izdatel’stvo Evropeiskogo universiteta v Sankt-Peterburge. (In Rus.)
Nagel, T., 2001. Chto vse eto znachit? Ochen’ kratkoe vvedenie v filosofiyu [What Does It All Mean? A Very Short Introduction to Philosophy]. Moscow: ...
Mass, Community, Communion
... Ferdinand Enke.
Geiger, T., 1926. Die Masse und Ihre Aktion; Ein Beitrag zür Soziologie der Revolution. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke.
Golosenko, I. A. and Gergilov, R. E., 2000. Georgii (Georges) Gurvitch as Sociologist. The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology, 3(1), pp. 21-31. (In Rus.)
Gurvitch, G., 1926. Ethics and Religion. Sovremennye zapiski / Annales contemporaines, 9, pp. 259-283. (In Rus.)
Gurvitch, G., 1937. Morale théorique et science des mœurs. Leurs possibilités, leurs conditions....
“Conservative Enlightenment” as “Heroisation of the Present”
... Kant, 1999. Practical Philosophy. Translated and edited by M. J. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 15-22.
Kant, I., 2007. Review of J. G. Herders Ideas for the Philosophy of the History of Humanity. Parts 1 and 2. In: I. Kant, 2007. Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited by G. Zöller and R. B. Louden; translated by A. W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 121-142.
Kant, I., 1996. The Conflict of the Faculties. In: I. Kant, 1996. Religion and Rational Theology....