The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
The article examines Sweden’s and Finland’s motives for ending their long-time non-aligned policies and joining NATO after Russia had launched a special military operation in Ukraine in February 2022. The two countries’ decision is shown to be in the interest of the United States, which has always sought to fill the geopolitical vacuum reigning after the collapse of the opposing Soviet bloc and the Soviet Union itself. Finland ...
Confiscation Estonian style: legal and political aspects of potential seizure of Russian assets in EU countries
..., which was subsequently submitted to Parliament for approval. According to the information made public, the new bill lays down national rules allowing the utilisation of assets belonging to individuals targeted by restrictive measures to compensate Ukraine for damages.<2> It can be concluded that this refers to the frozen assets of private individuals targeted by restrictive measures. These assets, according to the Estonian authorities’ estimates, amount to approximately 38 million euros....
The Swedish institute’s scholarship policy as a soft power instrument
... chronologically with the establishment of the Visby programme in 1995. This programme has manifested itself as an instrument for academic cooperation, nation branding, and exerting soft power by Sweden towards the Baltic states, Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. The concluding chronological point for this study is the year 2023. By this year, the initial consequences of excluding Russia from the SI programmes in 2022 due to the Swedish official position towards Ukraine would have manifested.
The materials ...
Population change and the settlement system transformation in Poland, as revealed by the 2021 census
... demographic processes in Poland require special attention. The country is the largest post-socialist state in Eastern Europe in terms of area and population, and it has a long common border with the post-Soviet countries of Russia, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine. Moreover, there are clear similarities in the political transformation of the Republic of Poland and the Russian Federation. Since the PiS party (Pol. “Prawo i Sprawiedliwość”, Eng. “Law and Justice”) came to power, Poland has aligned ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... combined with the strengthening of its eastern flank in military terms. Russia perceived this policy of the West as a manifestation of the U.S. and Western expansion at the expense of its legitimate security interests. Russia was particularly opposed to Ukraine’s attempts to join NATO [18].
Following the commencement of the special military operation (SMO), by November 2022, the West viewed the “victory of Ukraine... as quite possible, provided that the West promptly supplies an adequate amount of ...
Between the Eurasian and European subsystems: migration and migration policy in the CIS and Baltic Countries in the 1990s—2020s
The article analyses migration from border countries (the so-called overlapping area) of two migration subsystems — Eurasian (centred in the Russian Federation) and European (the European Union) from 1991 to 2021 (before the recent events in Ukraine). A step-by-step analysis of the migration situation in the countries of the former USSR — Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Ukraine and Estonia was conducted. The article examines bilateral and multilateral migration processes, analyses ...
Statistical analysis of tourism flows between Ukraine and the Baltic Sea Region countries in 2012—2019
This article explores the features and trends in inbound and outbound tourism flows between Ukraine and the Baltic Sea region (BSR) countries in 2012—2019. The research question is whether inbound our outbound tourism prevailed and how visa-free travel to the Schengen Area affected the number of Ukrainians travelling to the Baltic Sea Region....
France’s strategy in the Baltic region: military and political aspects
...
Recently, the Baltic region as a comprehensive security complex [1] has once again become a zone of increasing international tensions due to the confrontation between Russia and the West. With the beginning of Russia’s special military operation in Ukraine in 2022, it was in the Baltic that several crisis events and shifts indicating the deepening of the ‘cool war’ occurred [2]: the start of Sweden and Finland’s accession to NATO, the attempts by the Lithuanian leadership to restrict transit ...
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... meet this criterion. The region includes the entire territories of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, almost all of Poland, large parts of Sweden and Finland, over half of Denmark and almost half of Belarus, north-east Germany, small sections of Norway, Ukraine, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia (see the map scheme in [16, p. 10]). The Baltic University programme placed the Baltic region in approximately the same limits. Launched amid the euphoria of 1991 by Uppsala University, Sweden, this programme ...
The EU Vs. Russia: Legal Nature and Implementation of the Union’s Restrictive Measures
....com/2013/03/eu-guidelines-on-sanctions-2012.pdf (accessed 23.09.2014).
3. Council Decision 2014/145/CFSP of 17 March 2014 concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine, 2014, OJ ,L 78, 17.03.2014, p. 16—21.
4. Council Regulation (EU) No 269/2014 of 17 March 2014 concerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine,...
Societal security in the Baltic Sea Region: the Russian perspective
This study discusses whether the concept of societal security is embedded in the Russian formal and informal discourses as well as in the Russian strategic documents on national security and the Baltic Sea region. Particularly, the paper describes four paradigms of international relations (neorealism, neoliberalism, globalism and postpositivism) and theoretical approaches to the concept of societal security formulated in them. On a practical plane, Russia has managed to develop — together with...
From Marburg to Odessa: A contribution to a scientific bio-graphy of S. L. Rubinstein
... Katsmana, Issledovanija po istorii russkoj mysli. Ezhegodnik 2010 [Studies in the history of Russian thought], year 2011 [10], Moscow, p. 467—480.22. Romenec, V. A., 1989, O nauchnoj, pedagogicheskoj i obshhestvennoj dejatel'nosti S. L. Rubinshtejna na Ukraine [About scientifical, pedagogical und social activity of S. L. Ru¬binstein in Ukraine]. In: B. F. Lomov, (ed.), 1989, Sergej Leonidovich Rubinshtein. Ocherki. Vospominanija. Materialy. K 100-letiju so dnja rozhdenija [Sergei Leonidovich Rubin¬shtein....
Assessment of the efficiency of Russian response to the implementation of US missile defence deployment concept in Europe
... prednaznachenie —mnimoe i real'noe [A third missile defence U. S. mission — real and imaginary], Zarubezhnoe voennoe obozrenie [Foreign Military Review], no.7, p. 1—5.
16. Rossija i Ukraina vedut peregovory po sovmestnoj sisteme PRO [Russia and Ukraine are negotiating a joint missile defence system], RIA Novosti, available at: http://ria. ru/world/20111004/449045269.html (accessed 4 September 2011).
17. Sammit ShOS ukazyvaet na usilenie mezhdunarodnoj naprjazhennosti [The SCO summit points to ...
The border as a barrier and an incentive for the structural economic transformation of the Kaliningrad exclave
... 2007, ferry services commenced operations between the ports of Baltiysk and Ust-Luga.
2014—2020: sanctions and countersanctions, new functions and regimes of borders, economic adaptation and restructuring
The 2014 geopolitical crisis caused by the Ukraine events led to a dramatic deterioration of relations with the EU. A harbinger of a new stage of restructuring of the region’s economy was the transformation of international trade. Sanctions imposed by the EU and Russia’s countersanctions changed ...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... ones [30], tend to curtail investment projects and reduce their R&D spending, focusing on current activities.
The consequences of the 2007—2008 crisis, the 2020—2021 Covid recession, and the current geopolitical tensions around the situations in Ukraine and Taiwan bring out the low resilience of many created regional innovation systems (for example, in the EU countries). There is a need to shift to challenge-oriented innovation systems better adapted to dealing with shocks [31].
Methods and Materials
...
The geopolitical effect of the maritime factor on the spatial development of post-Soviet Russia: the Baltic case
... patterns and the spatial structure of the economy, as well as to the processes determined by the maritime factor [4].
The metamorphoses of the global world order give rise to violent conflicts, a vivid example of which is the special military operation in Ukraine. The struggle between incommensurable centres of political power is transforming maritime spaces into not only potential and actual theatres of war, but also a major arena, resource for, and object of, geopolitical rivalry.
All things maritime ...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... face criticism from NATO for increasing its defense expenditures too slowly, especially considering that almost ten years have passed since the NATO summit in Wales in 2014, where the target was approved, and given that combat operations are ongoing in Ukraine.<11> Earlier, in October 2022, Denmark was reprimanded in a NATO report for multiple failings in the preparation of an armoured brigade, radio intelligence and means of anti-submarine warfare.<12>
Danish experts on national foreign ...
Dismantling monuments as the core of the post-2014 ‘decommunisation’ in Ukraine and Poland
Drawing on a wide range of sources (Polish and Ukrainian legal acts, Russian and international media), this study looks at the ‘monument fall’ in Ukraine and Poland as part of the post-2014 memory wars. The purpose of this article is to identify the main patterns associated with the demolition of Soviet and Russian monuments in the two countries. The ‘decommunisation’ of public space is an ...
An assessment of stubble buckwheat productivity in Ukraine in changing climate conditions
This article analyses the post-harvest agroclimatic resources based on the buckwheat productivity in Ukraine in changing climate conditions. The au¬thor performed calculations to obtain information on the agroclimatic conditions of the formation of four agroecological productivity categories for long-term annual average data (1986—2005) based on a ...
An assessment of drought conditions in Ukraine in the end of the 20th the beginning of the 21st centuries
The drought conditions in the 1995—2012 vegetation period in Ukraine are estimated using the fields of Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (SHC). The analog method helps identify the most probable seasonal and monthly SHC fields. The lowest SHC values are observed in the steppe regions and Crimea. Frequency of ...
The Baltic policy of Germany and current international relations
... Germany’s foreign policy became less intense. After the accession of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia to the EU and NATO in 2004, certain disagreements started to arise between Germany and the Baltics. It explains the lukewarm relations between them. The Ukraine events brought about a change in Germany’s regional policy. Despite Russia remaining one of the key economic and political counteractors, Germany, being a partner of the Baltics in the EU and NATO, cannot adopt a neutral position in the conflict ...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
... within the EU, such as Lithuanian instructors contributing to the training of Ukrainian armed forces under the EUMAM EU mission, which is based in Germany and Poland. This exemplifies their joint efforts to deter Russia, particularly in the context of Ukraine. Additionally, both nations have cooperated in supplying weapons and military equipment to Ukraine, utilizing the ‘Ramstein’ format, thus demonstrating solidarity and support from NATO member states to deter Russia [30, p. 8, 34—35].
Contacts ...
International heritage in the memorial landscape of the Kaliningrad region
... As a rule, monument removal is accompanied by information campaigns justifying the demolition of cultural and historical heritage objects.
As the international crisis worsens, monument demolition gathers pace in Poland, the Baltics and particularly Ukraine, where numerous ‘operations’ aimed to destroy memorial sites connected to the history of the Russian Empire, the USSR or the life and achievements of prominent figures in Russian and Soviet culture have been carried out or are being prepared....
Expansionism in Poland’s strategic culture: historical retrospective and variations
... %) [25, р. 49]. The religious logic of strife provoked a series of conflicts between Poland on the one hand and Protestant Sweden, Orthodox Russia and Muslim Turkey on the other. As a result, Poland had to cede the territories that today are part of Ukraine and the Baltic States. Following the same religious logic, Warsaw often sought alliances with the actors that, by definition, could not be committed to the cause, such as the Republic of Venice or Spain. Finally, as the historian Jerzy Topolski ...
Geopolitical Security of Russia: Remarks on the Problem Statement
... consciousness and ends with colour revolutions and proxy wars. We proceed from the fact that monitoring geopolitical threats is an acute issue. Identifying them at an early stage would allow negating them with the minimum risks and damage. The current events in Ukraine are the most persuasive evidence of the need for such a monitoring system.
Natalia A. Komleva
. It is necessary to distinguish clearly between the phenomena and concepts of national and geopolitical security. The National Security Strategy of ...
‘Polish Question’ in Lithuania and Problems of Polish-Lithuanian Relations at the Turn of the Century
... K. 2006, Szkice polsko-litewskie: czyli o nełatwym sąsiedztwie w pierwszej połowie XX wieku, Toruń, Grado, 217 s.
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11. Burant, S. R. 1996, Overcoming the Past: Polish-Lithuanian Relations, 1990— 1995, Journal of Baltic Studies, vol. XXVII, № 4, p. 315—326.
12. Cieplak, P. 1992, Stosunki polsko-litewskie,...
Local features of regional difference in the modern Ukraine
... Київ, 2011.
3. Україна у цифрах 2010: статистичний збірник / за ред. О. Г. Осауленка. Київ, 2011.
Olifir D.
regions, territory performance, population performance, regional policy, disparities, Ukraine
135-142
The US ballistic missile defence policy in the Baltic and Nordic regions
....2014).
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24. Iran Talks Won't Change U. S. Missile Plans in Europe, Kerry Says, 2014, available at: ...
Motivations of Russian firms to invest abroad: how do sanctions affect Russia’s outward foreign direct investment?
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17. Resident permits statistics, 2014, Eurostat, available at: http://ec.europa....
The Role of Political Elites in the Development of Politics of Memory in the Baltic States
... Baltija [Russia and the Baltics], no. 6. Dialog istorikov raznyh stran i pokolenij [The dialogue of historians from different countries and generations], Moscow, p. 123—130.
14. Miller, А. I. 2008, Istoricheskaja politika i ee osobennosti v Pol'she, Ukraine i Rossii [Historical policy and its peculiarities in Poland, Ukraine and Russia], Otechestvennye zapiski [Notes of the Fatherland], no. 5 (44).
15. Miller, А. I. 2013, Rol' jekspertnyh soobshhestv v politike pamjati Rossii [The role of the expert ...
Models for countering the segregation of ethnoreligious immigrant areas in Denmark and Sweden
... of 2015. In Sweden, there were approximately 163,000 asylum claims (mostly from refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq), while in Denmark their number was only 20,825.<5> Due to the new migration crisis in 2022 provoked by armed actions in Ukraine, European countries accepted about 6 million Ukrainian refugees: 56,165 of them were accepted by Sweden, and 41,155 — by Denmark.<6> As a result, according to the latest published estimates, 25.9 % of the population of Sweden are people ...
Where and how meanings emerge
... Biosemiotics. Critique and Semiotics, 1, pp. 57—77,
https://doi.org/10.25205/
2307-1737-2021-1-57-77 (in Russ.).
Zolyan, S. T., 2022a. Asymmetrical Dualism of a Linguistic Sign as a Political Tool: the Metamorphoses of a French Fantasy Author in Ukraine. Inostrannye yazyki v vysshej shkole [Foreign Languages in Tertiary Education], 2 (61), pp. 15—22, https:// doi.org/10.37724/RSU.2022.61.2.002 (in Russ.).
Zolyan, S. T., 2022b. Meaning Creation and Its Linguistic Mechanisms: Semantic Attraction....
Priorities for the development of manufacturing industries in the Kaliningrad region
... images and sound
7.5
China, South Korea, US, Germany
Equipment and mechanical devices
7.4
South Korea, Germany, Slovakia
Meat and meat products
3.2
Brazil, Paraguay
Furniture
2.5
South Korea, US, Slovakia
Ferrous metals
2.0
China, Lithuania, Germany, Ukraine
Fish and fish products
1.3
Vietnam, Thailand
Optical, photographic, cinematographic, measuring, controlling, precision, medical or surgical instruments and devices
1.2
South Korea, Germany, China
Ships, boats and floating structures
1.1
China,...
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
... project for the construction of the Yamal — Western Europe-2 gas pipeline, demanding as an ultimatum that in the section leading to the Polish border, the pipe should not pass through the shorter and more reliable route through Belarus, but through Ukraine.<6> This story became one of the main reasons that forced the Russian company Gazprom to switch to the implementation of the Nord Stream project, within the framework of which gas went directly to Germany, bypassing the unfriendly countries ...
Geography of the mobile internet in the border and interior regions of Russia
... regions (35 in total).
The second approach is based on Kolosov et al.’s research [46], focusing on evaluating the barrier function of the state border. It categorizes regions into five groups:
1. Regions bordering unfriendly European countries, such as Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland (comprising 13 Russian regions with closely interconnected borders; the Murmansk region, which shares a border with Norway, is included in the Arctic group).
2. Regions bordering friendly and neutral ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
Today Russia has difficulty doing business-as-usual with EU states. It seems that the countries of the Visegrad Group (V4) and the Baltic Assembly/Baltic Council of Ministers (BA/BСM) have contributed substantially to this state of affairs. Overall, the tensions between Russia and the EU are building up – another tendency that did not arise on the Russian initiative. This article aims to address the question of whether Russia should establish direct relations with the V4 and the BA/BCM as tools...
The peaks and troughs of Russian-Estonian relations
... recent decades: a severe economic crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and the bitter confrontation between Russia and the West, to name a few. At the core of Russia’s foreign policy is indubitably the conflict with the West, centred around Ukraine. The member states of the EU and NATO that share a border with Russia adopted the most hard-line position, and Russia’s relations with its western neighbours have always been strained. A important role is played in these tensions by the ideological ...
The two-party tendency in Poland’s political system: manifestations, causes and prospects
... opposition: PiS has won three elections (in 2005, 2015 and 2019); PO two (2007 and 2011). The Polish party system remained stable amid external and internal disturbances: the 2008 financial crisis, the Smolensk air disaster, the military conflicts in Ukraine and the COVID-19 pandemic. The weighted average data from the survey conducted from January to October 2022 shows that PiS is consistently supported by from 36 to 38 % of voters and the approval rating of the Civic Coalition formed around PO has ...
Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development
... create jobs and replenish municipal budgets. Despite the available financial assistance tools, tourism is experiencing immense pressure in the aftermath of the
Covid-19 pandemic and the sanctions imposed on Russia in response to its special operation in Ukraine.
EU structural and investment funds contribute to the survival of these towns by supporting local SME projects and investing in infrastructure. This assistance, however, is not sufficient for stimulating development, i. e. creating new jobs or ...
Feodosia as a city and a visual text (Aivazovsky Project)
... 24—34 (in Russ.).
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Hayuk, I., 2015. Historical interrelations of the Armenian colonies of Ukraine with Holy Land and their display in monuments of material culture. National Academy of Culture and Arts Management Herald, 2, pp. 39—44 (in Russ.).
Korkhmazyan, E. M., 1968. Concerning an Armenian Family of Crimean miniaturists. Istoriko-filologicheskii ...
Attractiveness of the Kaliningrad region: pull factors and reasons for disappointments of migrants from Russian regions
... Changes Journal (Public Opinion Monitoring), № 2, p. 304—317,
https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2019.2.14
(in Russ.).
52. Murashchenkova, N., Gritsenko, V., Brazhnik, I. 2017, Psychological Analysis of Expectations of Russians to Russia from the Ukraine and Other Countries, Psychologist, № 5, p. 77—91,
https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8701.2017.5.24294
(in Russ.).
53. Lyalina, A. V. 2021, Migration processes in the coastal municipalities of the Kaliningrad region: “agglomeration” effects ...
The Russian-speaking diaspora in the Baltic states: a socio-cultural aspect
Currently, more than 20 million Russians permanently reside outside Russia. As migration trends show, their number will be increasing in the future. The Russian-speaking diaspora in the Baltic States is an essential part of the Russian community abroad. Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia used to be a single state with Russia for a long time. It could not but affect the formation of these countries as subjects of international politics. Since May 2004, the Baltic States have been members of the European...
Geoeconomic risks faced by the Russian Baltic region amid a deteriorating geopolitical situation
... geoeconomic risks which the Baltic Russian territories — St. Petersburg, the Republic of Karelia and the Leningrad, Kaliningrad, Novgorod, Pskov and Murmansk regions faced in 2014—2021 as the geopolitical situation changed for the worse in the wake of the Ukraine political crisis (2013 —2014). The objectives of the study included selecting economic, social and international trade indicators and analytics matching each type of the geoeconomic risks. To identify the geo-economic risks of the selected regions,...
The Eric Zemmour phenomenon in French politics
The article examines the peculiarities of the worldview and political views of French presidential candidate Eric Zemmour, an extreme right-wing nationalist whose popularity came as the main political surprise of the 2022 election campaign. The article reveals Zemmour's attitude towards the key issues of historical politics and the current French political agenda, such as identity crisis, total nihilism, feminization of politics, his attitude towards Germany, the USA, NATO, the EU, Russia and...
Migration processes in the Kaliningrad region, Klaipeda region, Warmia and Mazuria in 1945—1950: a comparative study
... resettlement action in all three regions turned out to be very diverse, with different historical and cultural experiences. Though the majority of population of the Kaliningrad region, more than two-thirds, was made up of Russians, migrants from Belarus, Ukraine and other republics of the USSR were also represented there. The countryside in the Klaipeda region was settled by peasants from Lithuania, and the Russian-s peaking population, mainly from the three Slavic republics, prevailed in the cities. ...
Regional trends in electoral support for Latvian parties: the neighbourhood effect
... Vote Shares for Nationalist Parties in Latvia, Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 71, no. 5, p. 774—804. doi:
https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2019.1604945
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New opportunities for the Russian Baltic exclave in the context of changes in the country’s geopolitical situation
... 24.11.2021) (in Russ.).
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20. Fedortsev, V. 2021, Germany hopes to win ...
. The image of the author and his country in works by N.V. Gogol, H. Heine and J. Rizal
The article analyzes the typological connections between N. V. Gogol’s prose poem “The Dead Souls”, H. Heine’s poem in verse “Germany: A Winter Tale” and J. Rizal’s novel “Noli me tangere”. The author studies how, in all three works, the image of the author and of his country are interconnected. Each author sees himself as a patriot, and that is why he feels obliged to criticize the situation of his country. Each one of them is to a certain degree seen as a stranger by origin. Obviously...
Economic security of the Russian-Ukrainian border regions of the Russian Federation in modern conditions
The article is devoted to the urgent problem of economic security of the Russian border regions, directly adjacent to Ukraine: Kursk, Belgorod, Voronezh, Rostov and Krasnodar regions. The study is going to assess the level of economic security in these regions, as well as its dynamics after 2014, taking into account cyclical features and long-term trends that have ...