Internet diffusion and interregional digital divide in Russia: trends, factors, and the influence of the pandemic
... correlated measures to avoid multicollinearity. Only significant variables were selected for the final model. It was the first time a system of simultaneous equations estimated by a two-step least squares method has been used on Russian data. This enabled us to avoid the problem of the correlation of endogenous variables and reduce the bias of the estimates.
It is also the first time estimates of changes in the interregional digital divide under the influence of the pandemic and in previous years have ...
Pechora scrolls: St. Augustine’s miracle of the revelation of the Elder
The Ust-Tsilemsky region of the Komi Republic is known for its collection of medieval handwritten books and manuscripts. These collections found in the area of the Lower Pechora River contain a rich variety of Old Believers’ written documents of different genres. The authors explore one of these documents — St. Augustine’s Miracle of the Revelation of the Elder, which exists in two different Pechora documents. One of them is a hagiographic text created by the famous Ust-Tsilma scribe...
Confiscation Estonian style: legal and political aspects of potential seizure of Russian assets in EU countries
... perspectives.
According to expert estimates, around 200 billion euros of Russian sovereign assets have been frozen in EU countries, along with approximately 24 billion euros belonging to private individuals.<5> Additionally, around 40 billion US dollars is frozen in the US and approximately 20 billion US dollars in the UK [3]. These numbers stem from reports by the Central Bank of Russia, whilst Western nations lack precise knowledge regarding the whereabouts of the majority of frozen assets....
Land Use Policy and Land Management in Estonia
This article studies the effect of land reform on the development of current land policy and land management efficiency. The authors present a review of materials focusing on the new land policy, land management and land use system at a new stage of Estonian development. This policy has led to the adoption of a new reform aimed at the municipalisation, privatisation, and denationalisation of real estate. The article describes mechanisms of the Romano-Germanic land management model, which has replaced...
Measurement of liver volume using imaging techniques of various modalities
Evaluation of liver volume is of great importance in the management of certain liver diseases and systemic disorders involving the liver. With the development of innovative technologies for the partial liver resection and transplantation lifetime assessment of liver volume is of great interest. The volume of the liver is a sensitive indicator for ectopic fat deposition and metabolic syndrome in obesity. Manual assessment of liver volume using percussion and palpation methods has disadvantages associated...
Societal security in the Baltic Sea Region: the Russian perspective
This study discusses whether the concept of societal security is embedded in the Russian formal and informal discourses as well as in the Russian strategic documents on national security and the Baltic Sea region. Particularly, the paper describes four paradigms of international relations (neorealism, neoliberalism, globalism and postpositivism) and theoretical approaches to the concept of societal security formulated in them. On a practical plane, Russia has managed to develop — together with...
Normal range of liver stiffness measurement in healthy people
The article focuses on normative values of the liver shear wave elastography and comparison of various works in elastography of the international and Russian research. A variety of normal values of liver stiffness during shear wave elastography obtained by different authors when measuring on various devices are presented. The normal range of liver stiffness measurements in healthy people varies widely: the normal liver elasticity values may vary in range of 1.5—7.5 kPa on measuring...
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
... chains with major technology partners
Restrictions on import of critical machines, equipment, and technologies for production development
The threat of foreign economic isolation of the region’s largest enterprises
Share of Russian companies from the US and the EU sanctions lists in the revenue of all companies in the region in 2017—2021
SPARK-Interfax
Limited access to financial instruments and technologies of unfriendly countries
Limited access to highly profitable markets of unfriendly countries ...
University performance and regional development: the case of Russia’s North-West
... balance in the functions’ performance. A leading level is the highest possible level of performance. It indicates the need to use various methods and tools to maintain it and disseminate it to other regions.
The proposed methodological tools allow us to assess the performance of each of the functions, to comprehensively assess the aggregate level of universities’ performance in a region, to conduct a comparative cross-functional and interregional analysis, and to identify and assess the relation ...
The modern economy of Russia’s Baltic regions in the municipal context
... availability of data from the Federal Tax Service, no unified approach could be applied here). This amount does not include the income remaining at the personal disposal of SPs using special tax regimes.
Unfortunately, tax reporting data do not allow us to assess the sectoral structure of the economy of municipalities since reports on tax revenues by types of economic activity are published only for the subjects of the Russian Federation (regions). The problem of working with tax reports is that there ...
Evaluating the efficiency of the research sector in Russian regions: a dynamic data envelopment analysis
... product.
The main procedure is as follows:
NMaximize[
Flatten[{
Part[ (Total /@ OUT), #],
Part[ (Total /@ INS), #] == 1,
Thread[ (Total /@ OUT) < = (Total /@INS)],
Thread / @Thread[OUT < = INS],
Thread[ VARS > 0 ]
}],
VARS] & /@Range[n]
Let us comment on this procedure. In Mathematica, all expressions are contained in lists held by curly brackets {}. For example, the VARS variable includes a list of symbols. The matrix is a list comprising several other lists (rows). Functions take brackets ...
Territorial structure of inbound and domestic tourism in the Baltic States
This paper examines the transformation of the territorial structure of tourism in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The spatial and temporal organisation of tourism in these countries has undergone significant changes since they became independent and joined the EU. These changes have affected the geography of tourist flows and destinations of interest. This study aims to define the geographical and economic peculiarities of the development of tourism in the Baltic States and to identify the central...
The dynamics of agricultural land use in the North-West of Russia and the Baltic countries
The agricultural land dynamics is one of the central issues of land use in Europe and Russia. Each historical period is characterized by its own model of agricultural land use. The analysis of its dynamics in the North-West of Russia and the Baltic countries was based on the following parameters: the area of cultivated agricultural land and the rate of change, the grain yield and its dynamics. Database analysis from 1848—52 until 2015—18 allowed to identify the stages of the agricultural...
Liver elastography techniques and the problems of Russian terminology
In this review, we approach Russian terminology in elastography by discussing elastography technique classifications using terms that take into account the essence of physical patterns underlying various elastography techniques. Elastography techniques used in clinical practice are divided into four groups: strain elastography, transient elastography, point shear wave elastography, and 2D shear wave elastography. Based on physical principles, two types are identified: strain elastography and shear...
The position of international community on the restoration of independence of the Baltic States
The separation of the Baltics from the Soviet Uni on was a difficult process accompanied by both political and economic conflicts. The third party in the negotiation process was represented by Germany and the USA. This article sets out to identify the role of the USA and Germany in the restoration of Baltic independence. Historicism and objectivity principles serve as the methodological framework for the research. The regional approach was applied in order to integrate the features of regional development...
On the establishment and early activity of the Soviet consulate in Königsberg (1923—1925)
This article analyses the reasons behind the restoration of diplomatic relations between Russia and Germany after World War I, as well as the fundamental differences in the performance of Russian imperial and Soviet consular missions in East Prussia. On the basis of the earlier unknown documents from the Central Russian archives and the Political archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Germany, the author describes the establishment of the Soviet Consulate in Königsberg in 1923 and the contribution...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... perceptions on the texts of the guiding foreign policy documents. The analysis highlighted and confirmed the ‘super Atlanticism’ tendencies in Denmark’s contemporary strategic culture, revealing its close ties with the Danish perception of the US as the safeguard for the liberal world order and associated multilateral institutions. Denmark’s value-driven militarised foreign political activism in the post-Cold War era is thus not only pragmatic but also ideological as it seeks to promote liberal ...
Semantic transformation of the noun mamochka: from ‘wife’ to ‘cannon’
... referential, or interjective use. Furthermore, for the secondary instances, the type of the meaning was also marked for accurate classification and analysis. The study delineated the semantic structure of the word ‘mamochka’ based on its various uses. Common meanings encompassed appellative and referential usages, denoting a wife, a woman fulfilling maternal roles, or a woman with a young child. Additionally, unique meanings emerged for specific contexts, such as a friend, a man, a non-living ...
The Visegrad Group and the Baltic Assembly: coalitions within the EU as seen through Russian foreign policy
... be of interest as an essential prerequisite for the development of a conception of the countries’ relations with these associations and their member countries. Recent publications of the authors have contributed to this work [18], [19], [20].
Let us consider some of the circumstances of the creation of the V4 and BA/BCM. The Visegrad group, as a regional subunit, was established on January 15, 1991. The founding documents set the task of jointly overcoming the communist past, mistrust and hostility,...
The impact of the food embargo on consumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region
The Russian food market has been a fascinating subject for researchers investigating food security risks and ways to mitigate them since the embargo was imposed in 2014. The Kaliningrad region, an exclave of Russia, responded more sensitively to the restrictions than any other territory of the country due to the heavy dependence of its food market on imported finished products and raw materials, as well as the transit from Russia via third countries. This study aims to explore how the consumer preferences...
Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development
... article shows the TDI for Latvia’s towns. Some avenues of development require more considerable funds than are available to the local authorities. Most towns focus on networking, with many lacking a functional specialisation.
For further analysis, let us divide Latvian towns into three approximately equal groups in descending order of TDI values, as is done in similar Russian studies [21, p. 355], [22, p. 68—70]. Using data from the Regional development indicators module for 2019, towns are ranked ...
Extralinguistic factors of city renaming in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
The article is devoted to extralinguistic factors that contribute to the renaming of cities in one of the North Caucasian regions of Russia. The study of toponymy, in particular, the oikonyms of a certain territory, is of great importance for the study of the history, ethnography, and culture of the people living in this territory. The purpose of this work is to identify the original names of settlements and study new names of cities, which will contribute to a more fruitful study of socio-historical...
Kant and Wittgenstein on Thought Experiments and the Matter of Transcendental Arguments
It is necessary to reconsider P. M. S. Hacker’s assessment of Kant and Wittgenstein’s philosophical affinities and the question concerning Wittgenstein’s alleged use of “transcendental arguments”. First, Alfred Norman’s reading of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus as a thought experiment receives revision to develop a view of the Critique of Pure Reason as a large-scale thought experiment that shares important logical features with the Tractatus. Then the question is addressed whether...
History of the words starina and starik as terms of friendship in Russian
This article explores when and under what circumstances the words starik and starina emerged as terms of friendship in standard Russian language. These terms were often used by male characters in the prose of the Khrushchev Thaw — students, scientists, and engineers. It was initially assumed that these words had become forms of address at that time. Analysis of data from the Russian National Corpus shows that these terms of friendship date back earlier than that. Starik was used to address a male...
Regional denonyms of the 1940s: the use of denonyms in regional newspapers
... within the region as a whole and its separate territories. The Bolshevik Slovo newspaper of the Bykovsky District and the Bolshevik Victory of the Kalachevsky District were selected as sources of information. The chosen time frame of 1941—1945 allows us to identify the characteristic features of regional denomination during one of the most difficult periods of the past century and to identify the extralinguistic factors, which had an impact on the lexis studied. Statistical and contextual methods ...
Development factors and regularities of the territorial structure of nature management
The Kaliningrad and Pskov regions serve as good examples for comparison of the main trends and patterns of the territorial agricultural structure as the most dynamic type of nature management. The territorial structure of agriculture in the regions and the factors of its evolution are considered on the example of two historical periods (1975—80 and 2016—17). In the Pskov region, the continued decline in the area of cultivated land, the transition from focal to small-scale and dispersed types...
“Russian Lithuania,” as seen by N. Ustryalov
This article analyses Nikolai Ustryalov’s concept of “Russian Lithuania,” which presents the history of medieval Lithuanian as part of the Russian past. The author examines the career of S. S. Uvarov – Minister of National Enlightenment in the 1830 – 1840s, as well as other factors behind the official narrative about the “Russian character” of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The paper stresses the significance of Ustryalov’s concepts in the Russian historiography in the first half of...
Problems pertaining to civil transactions with common-use land plots
This article analyses such problems of the legal regulation of civil transactions with common use land plots as the legality of land lease, methods of maintaining the legal status of the land, and informing land owners, land users and other economic entities about the establishment of the legal status.
1.
Земельный
кодекс Российской Федерации от 25.10.2001 г. №
136-ФЗ //
Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации...
The legitimation and criticism of violence in international law. A po¬litical science perspective
This article considers the practice of justification of arbitrary use of force, which poses a paradox and was not foreseen in Kant’s peace project. It is paradoxical because modern international law — unlike classical law — is aimed not at regulating wars but maintaining peace. However, the UN Charter provides for the right to self-defence before the collective resolution is adopted. Despite rather strict legal restrictions and international court procedures, cases of abuse of this right occur...
Evangelical Lutheran church of Denmark: socio-economic and territorial-organisational aspects
The study exemplifies the use of an institutional-territorial approach for a comprehensive description of a national denominational landscape. The article aims to provide such an account by analysing relevant official data and performing statistical processing using computational tools. The focus is on the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark and its administrative-territorial structures. The study places emphasis on the financial aspect, one seldom discussed in academic discourse. The denominational...
Open Use of Reason: Socrates and Kant
Kant is compared with Socrates because the two philosophers have much in common. Both thinkers were central figures in their time. Kant revolutionised the philosophy of the modern period dealing with questions of ethics and epistemology; Socrates brought about a similar revolution in ancient Greek philosophy. The image of Socrates continues to inspire modern scholars, the main features of this image being rationality and publicity. Socrates is seen as an arch-rationalist and the founder of science...
Kant and Analysis
In the current dialogue between two authors with different views on analysis, philosophy, and the use of labels, the leading question is: How should one understand the expression ‘analytic philosophy’? Lewin argues that as there are no generally agreed tenets and methods of what is being called ‘analytic philosophy’, the name is to be replaced by a more specific one or abandoned. Williamson defends the use of this phrase, claiming that it is quite serviceable, as it relates to a broad tradition...
“My statement was lost in the depths of the People's Commissariat of Education”: petitions and intercessions for personal pension provision of Vera Uspenskaya, the daughter of Gleb Uspensky
Based on archival materials, the article considers problems of pensions provision of Vera Uspenskaya (1877—1942) in 1923—1939 whose pension case was registered in the name of her father, the writer Gleb Uspensky. Having analyzed the frequency of changes in the size of Vera Glebovna's personal retirement benefit, the authors found that all the increases in pension amounts were related to personal applications of the pensioner or petitions from her brother, sent to the People's Commissariat of...
Cultural heritage protection in Russia and Germany: challenges and solutions
Cultural heritage sites play an important role both in terms of the study and preservation of the culture and history of a particular territory, and in terms of their importance in recreation and tourism as a “soft power” for shaping a positive image in the geopolitical arena. These two components are directly related: the maintenance of cultural heritage objects in proper condition allows them to be used in economic activities, for example in tourism; and the economic well-being of their owners...
Cross-border tourist mobility as seen by residents of the Karelian borderlands: COVID-19 restrictions
This article offers a new approach to evaluating the significance of cross-border tourism for residents of the border region of Karelia amid COVID-19 restrictions. The work draws on data of a municipal-level survey of the region’s population (575 people), conducted by the author in collaboration with Dr Ekaterina Shlapeko in 2021. Analysis of the survey results has confirmed the customariness of cross-border tourist mobility for the Karelians and the essential role it plays in their lives. These...
Levels of context: how textual analysis becomes discourse analysis: the case of Internet lifestyle media
... Introduction. Cambridge.
Blommaert, J., 2015. Meaning as a nonlinear effect: The birth of cool. AILA Review, 28, pp. 7—27,
https://doi.org/10.1075/aila.28.01blo
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Boyd, M. S., 2014. (New) participatory framework on YouTube? Commenter interaction in US political speeches. Journal of Pragmatics, 72, pp. 46—58,
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. org/10.1016/j.pragma.2014.03.002.
Chernyavskaya, V. E., 2003. Discourse. In: M. N. Kozhina., ed. Stilisticheskii entsiklopedicheskii slovar' russkogo yazyka [Stylistic Encyclopedia ...
Attractiveness of the Kaliningrad region: pull factors and reasons for disappointments of migrants from Russian regions
The Kaliningrad region’s attractiveness to migrants results in increasing external (international) and interregional migration. The interregional flow is a major contributor, accounting for approximately 60 per cent of the net migration gain. However, the age composition and professional qualification of migrants from other regions of Russia do not fully agree with the specifics of the region’s labour market and its strategic socio-economic development priorities. This lends urgency to...
Spatial organisation of the new forms of e-grocery and ready-made food trade in a large Russian city
... Store wars: the Worldwide Battle for Mind space and Shelf space, Online and In-store, West Sussex, PO19, 8SQ, United Kingdom, John Wiley & Sons, p. 215—216.
20. Saphores, J-D., Xu, L. 2020, E-shopping changes and the state of E-grocery shopping in the US — Evidence from national travel and time use surveys, Research in Transportation Economics, vol. 87, p. 184—196. doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2020.100864.
21. Spiridonova, G. V., Mrochko, L. V. 2021, Anti-crisis trends in the FMCG market during the pandemic: ...
Migration processes in the Kaliningrad region, Klaipeda region, Warmia and Mazuria in 1945—1950: a comparative study
The change in borders as a result of World War II spawned massive displacements of millions of people that affected East Prussia, ceded to the USSR and Poland. The article examines the migration processes caused by these changes in the territory of the former German province, i. e. in the Kaliningrad region of the RSFSR, the Klaipeda region of the Lithuanian SSR and the Olsztyn voivodship of Poland. The purpose of the study is to compare the conditions, course and results of the deportation of Germans...
Translation Historiography
The article offers an overview of the development of translation history during the past decade. It focuses on recent debates, research areas and methodological avenues in translation history with special emphasis on interdisciplinarity. Driven by a move away from a Euro-centric view of translation, researchers have become interested in producing connected and comparative histories of translation. The dialogue with the general field of history has led to the adoption of new methods and forms of analysis...
Clinical cases, pathogenesis and diagnosis of catatonia in affective disorders (depression and mania) in adolescents
... own // American Journal of Psychiatry. 2003. Vol. 160. Р. 1233.
37. Moskowitz A. K. ‘Scared stiff’: catatonia as an evolutionary-based fear response // Psychological Review. 2004. Vol. 111. P. 984—1002.
38. Northoff G. What catatonia can tell us about “top-down modulation”: A neuropsychiatric hypothesis // Behavioral and brain sciences. 2002. Vol. 25. P. 555—604.
39. Sambataro F., Hirjak D., Fritze S. et al. Intrinsic neural network dynamics in catatonia // Human Brain Mapping. 2021....
What is Kantian Philosophy of Mathematics? An Overview of Contemporary Studies
This review of contemporary discussions of Kantian philosophy of mathematics is timed for the publication of the essay Kant’s Philosophy of Mathematics. Volume 1: The Critical Philosophy and Its Roots (2020) edited by Carl Posy and Ofra Rechter. The main discussions and comments are based on the texts contained in this collection. I first examine the more general questions which have to do not only with the philosophy of mathematics, but also with related areas of Kant’s philosophy, e. g. the...
Transmitting antenna system for radio frequency methods of substance research
The paper considers the design of the transmitting antenna system intended for use in the technique of radio-frequency methods of substance research and justifies its advantages. It is advisable to use the device when studying objects located outside the receiving and transmitting circuits. At the same time, the operating frequencies for which it is designed, occupy a wide spectrum, covering the ranges from myriameter to decameter waves, which implies a high uniformity of the radiated power...
The closed piecewise uniform string revisited
We reconsider the composite string model introduced 30 years ago to study the vacuum energy. The model consists of a scalar field, describing the transversal vibrations of a string consisting of piecewise constant sections with different tensions and mass densities, keeping the speed of light constant across the section. We consider the spectrum using transfer matrices and Chebyshev polynomials to get a closed formula for the eigenfrequencies. We calculate vacuum and free energy as well as the entropy...
Transzendentalphilosophie als kritische Bestimmung des Standpunkts. Eine wissenschaftstheoretische Annäherung
Both the categories and principles of understanding as well as the ideas and principles of reason build transcendental elements to conceive transcendental philosophy as a philosophical system. Accordingly, in addition to the “Transcendental Analytic”, Kant develops in the “Transcendental Dialectic” an expanded concept of the transcendental. The transcendental ideas do not denote object-constitutive principles but, in a weaker sense, conditions of the possibility of experience. The relation...
Secure sending of messages over the mesh network based on bluetooth
In the paper we discuss the main problems that have to be solved to ensure the confidentiality of communication between the nodes of mesh networks based on smartphones. We describe the important details of Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy technologies, using which you can solve some of the problems described. Next, we briefly describe elliptic curve cryptography and choose a specific curve for it. We build an Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme based on the elliptic curves key exchange...