France’s strategy in the Baltic region: military and political aspects
This article examines the current military-political strategy of France in the Baltic region. This area has not traditionally been among the main priorities of French diplomacy. However, under President Emmanuel Macron, France pays closer attention to the Baltic Sea due to the growing tension between Russia and the ...
English as a lingua franca — a paradigm shift for Translation and Interpreting
The global spread of English as a lingua franca (ELF) has caused a fundamental change to translation and interpreting (T&I). Translation and interpreting used to revolve around bilingual mediation between native speakers and native listeners. In interpreting, in particular, more often than not, source speeches are now produced by non-native English speakers. The impact of this development has the potential to uproot our traditional understanding of T&I. This article sets out to describe how ELF...
Baltic Factor in Russia-France Relations
... international relations. The article describes the role of the 1830—1831 uprising in Poland, which was an event of particular importance. The monarchies of the two countries had to take into account new social phenomena, which were more pronounced in France. After the suppression of the uprising in the Polish part of the Russian Empire, Polish emigrants residing in France became the stumbling block for the development of Russia- France relations. The article explores the role of P. de Barante, Ambassador ...
Diachronic changes in the system of adversary conjunctions of the French language
The article analysies complex and ambiguous historical processes in the system of adversative сoordinators at the early stage of the development of the French language (IX—XVI centuries). After having analyzed the data of the Old and Middle French subcorpuses of the French National Corpus Frantext with distributive, functional-semantic, logical-semantic and contextual instruments and the transformation method, the author established quantitative and qualitative changes in the system of adversative...
Reputation and status in Denmark’s strategic culture
... the invasion of Iraq in 2003;
— one of the six NATO members that provided military contingents for deployment in Southern Afghanistan in 2006;
— one of the eight NATO members involved in the bombing of Libya in 2011;
— the only country except France to have supported the US threat of airstrikes in Syria in 2013;
— one of the six NATO members to have participated in airstrikes against ISIS in Iraq in 2014—2015 and in Iraq and Syria in 2016;
— one of the few participants in the ground ...
Confiscation Estonian style: legal and political aspects of potential seizure of Russian assets in EU countries
... property. Therefore, these issues fall within the competence of member states.
According to the Central Bank of Russia, as of the end of 2021, more than a quarter of all its assets in foreign currency and gold were held in three EU countries: Germany, France and Austria. Thus, approximately half of all the frozen sovereign assets are located in these three states, and the size of Russian assets held in other countries of the Union is insignificant. Therefore, the legal decision on the possible confiscation ...
The image of Russia as a result of a political conjuncture, or The Metamorphosis of Abbé de Pradt
The focus of the article, written within the framework of the imagological approach, is the reconstruction of the image of Russia in France during the years of the Restoration. The article is based on the analysis of the views of the famous French diplomat and politician Abbé D. de Pradt (1759–1837). The relationship between the image of Russia in France and the current political ...
Media fakes in the election campaign in France in 2022
In modern realities, the greatest attention is paid to fake political news in media, the purpose of which is to manipulate public opinion and eliminate a political competitor. At the moment, France is holding quite tense presidential elections, which were preceded by an election campaign using fakes. The purpose of this study is to show the strategy of candidates in the media space during the election campaign in France in April, 2022. The ...
Clinical cases, pathogenesis and diagnosis of catatonia in affective disorders (depression and mania) in adolescents
Catatonia is an important syndrome found in both psychiatry and general medicine. However, identification and treatment of this phenomenon is difficult without modern diagnostic scales for catatonia.
Purpose — to describe the cases of inhibited and excitable catatonia in adolescents with affective disorders.
Methods — clinical observation in accordance with the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for affective disorders in depression and mania, the use of Beck depression scale, Beck anxiety...
Kant, Königsberg, and the Albertina. Excerpts from the letters of a Polish student
By the end of the 19th century, after three partitions of Rzeczpospolita by the neighbouring powers, about half of its territory became part of the Kingdom of Prussia. These geopolitical changes had significant social implications for the Polish population.Jan Swiecicki was one of many Polish students to be sent to German-speaking gymnasia. Some of them continued their education at the oldest Prussian university, the Albertina. Selected pas¬sages from letters dated 1802—1806 give an idea of the...
The image of Napoleon in France
This article summarises the perception of Napoleon’s image in France in the 19th—21th centuries and describes the dynamics of attitudes towards Napoleon in connection with the changing political situation. Historical studies and belles-lettres help demonstrate that today the image of Napoleon is more popular in ...
Linguistic aspects of the treatise by Abel Mathieu «Devis de la langue francoyse» (1559)
The article deals with the corpus of problems reflected in the first edition of Abel Matthieu’s «Devis de la langue francoyse» (1559). Author’s views on the actual for the French renaissance problems in linguistic tradition, such as the origin of language, it’s defense and illustration, interpretation of foreign texts are studied. The particular attention is paid to Abel Matthieu’s attempts to prove the self-sufficiency of French language.
1. Гуковская З. В. Из истории...
The legitimation and criticism of violence in international law. A po¬litical science perspective
This article considers the practice of justification of arbitrary use of force, which poses a paradox and was not foreseen in Kant’s peace project. It is paradoxical because modern international law — unlike classical law — is aimed not at regulating wars but maintaining peace. However, the UN Charter provides for the right to self-defence before the collective resolution is adopted. Despite rather strict legal restrictions and international court procedures, cases of abuse of this right occur...
Population change in global urban regions
... N. A. 2005. Gradocentricheskaja model' mirovogo hozjajstva. Moscow.
11. Fedorov, G. M., Korneevets, V. S. 2009. Baltijskij region., № 2, pp. 32—41.
12. Grchiћ, M., Sluka, N. 2006. Globalni gradovi. Belgrad.
13. Annuaire Statistique de la France. 2005. Vol. 108. P. 2005.
14. Anuário Estatístico do Estado de São Paulo 2002. 2004. São Paulo.
15. Beaverstock, J., Smith, R., Taylor, P. 1999. Cities, № 16 (6), pp. 445—458.
16. Beijing Statistical Yearbook. 2007. Beijing.
17....
Expansionism in Poland’s strategic culture: historical retrospective and variations
... enthroned in Poland. And once a Habsburg did wear the crown of Poland, albeit for a very short period between 1306 and 1307. The other kings of Poland came from the royal families of the Czech state, Tyrol (Duchy of Carinthia), Sweden, Transylvania, France and Saxony. Only three neighbours of Poland — the Ottoman Empire, the Duchy/Kingdom of Prussia (a vassal of the Polish crown in 1525—1657) and Denmark — had never put forward a royal candidate.
A prime example of flexibility was the foreign ...
The later works of Boris Porshnev in foreign historiography
... analyses the reception of works and academic ideas of a renowned Soviet historian Boris Porshnev (1905—1972) in foreign historiography. The research shows that the historian failed to repeat the success of his monograph (1948) on popular uprisings in France before the Fronde, which was well received abroad and provoked long-standing dispute among the historians. Other works of Porshnev evoked a much more moderate reaction from foreign colleagues. The paper outlines the main objections expressed ...
Current Geodemographic Problems in the European Union and Migration Crisis of the 2010s
... scientists Association], no. 1 (4), p. 67. (In Russ.)
17. Fedorov, G. 2014, Current Issues in the Geodemographic Studies in Russia, Balt. Reg., no. 2, p. 4—21. DOI: 10.5922/2079—8555—2014—2—1.
18. International Religious Freedom Report for 2014. France, 2014, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, available at:
http://www
. state. gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index. htm#wrapper (accessed 17.05.2016).
19. International Religious Freedom Report for 2014. United Kingdom, 2014, Bureau ...
‘A power of shuffled letters’: anagrams in the European culture of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
... representation et citation. L’image comme texte et l’image comme signe (XIe — XVIIe siècle) / ed. Ch. Heck. Lille, 2007. P. 117—128.
8. Clément M. Nom d’auteur et l’identité littéraire: Louise Labé Lyonnaise. Sous quell nom être publiée en France au XVIe siècle? // Réforme, Humanisme, Renaissance. 2010. Vol. 70, № 70. P. 73—101.
9. Crawford W. J. P. The influence of Seneca’s tragedies on Ferreira’s Castro and Bermúdez’s Nise lastimosa and Nise laureada // Modern philology. ...
Isaac René Guy Le Chapelier and the Flight to Varennes: sum-mer — autumn, 1791
... Roux P.-C. Histoire parlémentaire de la Révolution française, ou Journal des Assemblées nationales, depuis 1789 jusqu`en 1875. P., 1834—1838.
15. Furet F., Ozouf M. Dictionnaire critique de la Révolution française. P., 1988.
16. Révolutions de France et de Brabant. 1791. 20—24 août.
17. Soboul A. Dictionnaire historique de la Révolution française. P., 1989.
Ignatenko Yu.
National Constituent Assembly, constitutionalists, democracy movement, Le Chapelier, far left, left, centre-left,...
The textual concept "the society of consumption" in the novel "99 francs" by Frederic Beigbeder
The article provides the analysis of the macroconcept structure of the "society of consumption" in the novel "99 Francs" by a contemporary French writer Frederic Beigbeder. The paper reveals the ideological role of advertising as a socio-cultural metaphor of the society in question, whose main characteristic features are anomie and callousness.
1. Бодрийяр ...
The adaptation of Russian regions’ economies to the rupture of relations with Europe: the case of Baltic Sea ports
... 22.3 billion euros.<1>
During these years, Russian companies often opened their subsidiaries in European countries, trying to integrate into international value chains. For instance, the NLMK Group still owns three metallurgical enterprises in France and one in Denmark, supplying its products produced in Russia for further processing.<2>
Problem points of Russian-European economic cooperation
. It should be noted that Russia has been striving for open and equal economic cooperation with ...
Kant’s Concept of Enlightenment and Its Alternatives
... against which philosophical figures were then compared. This approach ignored, first, the authentic definition of enlightenment (in Germany and Russia in the eighteenth century there were authentic terms “Aufklärung” and “prosveshcheniye”, and in France the proto-term “eclairé”) and, second, important national differences in the interpretation of the phenomenon. The emasculate Kantian definition of enlightenment used to legitimise the proposed approach. A closer look at the authentic view ...
International heritage in the memorial landscape of the Kaliningrad region
... war and the complex fate of the local monuments, most of them survived the Soviet rule. Besides German, Polish and Lithuanian memorials, there are singular objects honouring the historical tradition of other European peoples and states, for example, France.
The region’s international memorial heritage does not constitute a unified composite but has a complex structure. The symbolic significance of some commemorative sites permits embedding them into the Russian historical narrative, while others ...
Antecedents to the idea of constitutional control in the French legal thought of the Enlightenment
In this article, I consider the institution of constitutional control and its development during the Enlightenment. I stress that enlighteners thoroughly disapproved of French parliaments as forerunners of modern bodies of constitutional justice and explain why this was the case. In an early modern state, conditions for constitutional control and its very possibility were viewed in conjunction with the principles of sovereignty and the division of power. I conclude that the enlightenment doctrine...
Corpus-based studies in conference interpreting
Corpus-based interpreting studies (CIS) are a relatively recent “[…] Off-shoot of Corpus-based Translation Studies” to quote the seminal paper (1998) by the late Miriam Shlesinger, a constant source of inspiration for the T&I community. This line of research is now gaining ground in both conference interpreting and community interpreting. The present paper focuses on conference interpreting and covers the evolution of the concept of interpreting corpus by providing an overview of the most representative...
Hermann Cohens Konzept der Anthropodizee in der Sicht Jacob Gordins
... contribution of a person to the justification of humanity. Stronger as Cohen Gordin connects the programm of anthropodicy with individuality and underlines the participation of the individual in creating culture.
1. AIU (L’Alliance Israélite Universelle) France. AP 13 Fonds Rachel et Jacob Gordin.
2. Belous, W. G. 1995, „Rekonstrukcija ‚Antropodiceji‘, ili Samooprawdanije Iwanowa-Rasumnika [Die Rekonstruktion der Anthropodizee, oder die Selbstrechtfertigung Iwanow- Rasumniks]“, in: Russkaja mysl’ ...
History in Transcription and Transcription as History: Charles Bally in Soviet Linguistics
This article describes the results of a systemic study into the history of conveying the name of the Swiss linguist Charles Bally by the means of Russian transcription, in the 20th-century linguistic discussions. The author reconstructs the history of introducing Charles Bally’s works into Russian and Soviet linguistics, particularly, in the context of the publication of Ferdinand de Saussure’s Course of General Linguistics. The article analyses the variants of transcribing the name Bally in...
The English Theme on the Pages of N. M. Karamzin's Messenger of Europe (Vestnik Yevropy) in 1802—1803
... systematised survey of the publications on the most important developments in England’s foreign and domestic policy. Special attention is paid to the articles in the Messenger of Europe concerning various aspects of Britan’s struggle against Napoleonic France. Those articles help to understand what N. Karamzin deemed worthwhile to inform the readers about.
1. Вестник Европы. 1802. № 1.
2. Вестник Европы. 1802, № 3.
3. Вестник Европы. 1802. № 7.
4. Вестник ...
No politics: François Guizot’s historiosophy before 1814
... Gibbon E. Histoire de la décadence et de la chute de l’Empire romain. P., 1812. Vol. 1—13 (рус. пер.: Гиббон Э. Закат и падение Римской империи. М., 2008. Т. 1).
10. Guizot F. De l’état des Beaux-Arts en France et du Salon de 1810. P., 1810.
11. Guizot F. Essais sur l’histoire de France. P., 1823.
12. Guizot F. Histoire de la Révolution d’Angleterre depuis l’avènement de Charles I, jusqu’à la restauration de Charles II. P., 1826—1827. Vol....
The principles of economic protection of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea
... URL:http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/5/1809.pdf (дата обращения: 23.09.2013).
5. Hafner G. Meeresumwelt, Meeresforschung und Technologietransfer // Handbuch des Seerechts / еd. W. Graf Vitztum. Beck, 2006.
6. Lake Lanoux Arbitration (France v. Spain) (1957) 12 R.I.A.A. 281; 24 I.L.R. 101//availableat: URL: http://www.ecolex.org/server2.php/libcat/docs/COU/Full/En/COU-143747E.pdf. (дата обращения: 24.09.2013).
7. Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons : Advisory ...
On the illocutionary “responsibility” of the author in a dramatic paratext
This article deals with the heterogeneity of author's illocutionary intentions in the process of creating a dramatic paratext. It is suggested that the pragmatic orientation of typologically different paratextual structures can be purely directive (prescriptive) as well as narrative, which emphasizes the transgenre character of paratext. The article addresses the specific features of implementation of the extradiegetic author category in drama on a paratextual level, as well as its role in the creation...
Condorcet interpretation of probability’s theory: the use of a mathematical construct to the field of social action
... Payot et Rivages.
17. Montesquieu, Ch. 2000, Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur décadence // Montesquieu, Ch., Oeuvres complètes, Oxford, Voltaire Foundation.
18. Picavet, Fr. 1888, La philosophie de Kant en France de 1773 à 1814, Paris, Alcan.
19. Rashed, R. 1974, Condorcet: Mathématique et Société, Paris, Hermann.
20. Vasiliev, V. V. 1997, “Мarginal” Metaphysics of Kant, Logos, no. 10, p. 100—107, available at: http://www. ruthenia. ru/logos/number/1997_10/04....
Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
... regional international organisations, such as the Council of the Baltic Sea States. In the Council, 11 countries have or had this status: Belarus (until 2022), the UK, Hungary, Spain, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, United States, Ukraine, and France, which has applied for full membership and Iceland as a full member.
From a geopolitical standpoint, all the above delineation options do not exclude one another. Each of them merely suggests a focus on a particular type of geopolitical relation,...
Military and political cooperation between Germany and Lithuania in the late 2010s to early 2020s
... along with negative consequences associated with these events [3], [ 4, p. 146—152], underscored the limitations within the Euro-Atlantic community for the realization of Germany’s leadership ambitions. Additionally, the crisis in cooperation with France in the early 2020s [5], and the divergences in dialogue with Italy [6], Poland [7], [8], and Turkey further accentuated these constraints. In such a scenario, it became imperative for Germany to form partnerships with certain small and mid-sized ...
Sanctions risks and regional development: Russian case
... revenue was approximately 16 trillion roubles, and their share in the revenue of all Russian companies was approximately 10 % [17]. Most of the proceeds belonged to companies whose owners are registered in the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, and France. About 52 % of the revenue of these companies was generated in wholesale and retail trade, and another 29 % in manufacturing. The share of these companies in the revenue of several service industries was high: hotels and restaurants, finance, information ...
Creative Potential of Artificial Intelligence in the Context of the Idea of the New Enlightenment
The modern world is confronted with a series of global problems, exacerbated by technological advancements. In this context, concerns arise in the public consciousness regarding the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to surpass humans in intellectual and creative activities. The topic of AI creativity becomes pertinent and sparks debates within the scientific community regarding its creative potential. In response to these challenges, members of the Club of Rome in 2018 propose the concept...
The Relationship Between the Individual and the Collective in the Social Philosophy of Georges Gurvitch
The relationship between the individual and society is the leitmotif of Georges Gurvitch’s work. Beginning from the early Russian-language books on the philosophy of law and ending with the works on sociology published in France and the USA at the final stage of his career, Gurvitch studied the individual person and collective units as interacting sides of the collective social subject. He sought to overcome the struggle between individualism and collectivism which found ...
The Boundaries of Ecological Ethics: Kant’s Philosophy in Dialog with the “End of Human Exclusiveness” Thesis
The developers of ecological ethics claim that the rationale of anthropocentrism is false. Its main message is that natural complexes and resources exist to be useful to the human being who sees them only from the perspective of using them and does not take into account their intrinsic value. Kant’s anthropocentric teaching argues that the instrumental attitude to nature has its limits. These limits are hard to determine because the anthropocentrists claim that the human being is above nature....
Open Use of Reason: Socrates and Kant
Kant is compared with Socrates because the two philosophers have much in common. Both thinkers were central figures in their time. Kant revolutionised the philosophy of the modern period dealing with questions of ethics and epistemology; Socrates brought about a similar revolution in ancient Greek philosophy. The image of Socrates continues to inspire modern scholars, the main features of this image being rationality and publicity. Socrates is seen as an arch-rationalist and the founder of science...
Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes
... given a considerable variety of contacts, the largest share of the publications in 2018—2022 was co-authored with researchers from unfriendly countries. The top 25 countries by the number of joint publications include 20 unfriendly (Germany, USA, France, Great Britain, Italy, Finland, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Australia, Sweden, Austria, Japan, Canada, Greece, Ukraine, Portugal, South Korea) and five friendly (China, Brazil, India, Belarus, Turkey) countries.
The ...
The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
... warning and control (AEW&C) aircraft. A significant contribution by Sweden to NATO will be Stealth Visby corvettes and Gotland-class submarines. For its part, Finland, which is often called an ‘artillery superpower’, has a powerful (larger than France, Germany or the UK) resource of these types of weapons, primarily the M-270 Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS). As for tanks, Finland and Sweden have 220 Leopard main battle tanks, which is comparable to Germany’s 245 similar vehicles. Both ...
Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
... surveyed Baltic states, similar indicators show variations for other European nations, with differing degrees of negative sentiment. For instance, Portugal (– 69 %), Spain (– 66 %), the UK (– 57 %), Ireland (– 55 %), Austria (– 47 %), and France (– 42 %) exhibit varying levels of negativity toward Russia.<7>
Nevertheless, it is essential to highlight that, in comparison to the 2022 survey, there has been a noticeable shift in attitudes toward Russia across all Baltic region countries....
Spatial differentiation of rural territories in the Kaliningrad region: implications for socio-economic policies
The article analyses the challenges associated with the development of rural areas in the Kaliningrad region. The author analyses trends in the development of agriculture, population dynamics, and settlement patterns, while also exploring their interconnectedness and external impacts. The research draws upon comparative-geographical, economic-statistical, and cartographic analyses utilizing official statistical data. The study reveals that since the early 2000s, agricultural production in the Kaliningrad...
“Conservative Enlightenment” as “Heroisation of the Present”
... Sciences. London & New York: Routledge.
Foucault, M., 1984. What is Enlightenment? In: P. Rabinow, ed. 1984. The Foucault Reader. New York: Pantheon Books, pp. 32-50.
Foucault, M., 2010. The Government of Self and Others: Lectures at the Collège de France 1982—1983. Ed. by F. Gros, F. Ewald and A. Fontana, translated by G. Burchell. Basingstoke & New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Fukuyama, F., 1992. The End of History and the Last Man. New York & Toronto: Free Press.
Gradirovsky, S. N., 2023. Dare ...
Kant als metaphilosophischer Skeptizist?
... de Gruyter, S. 545-547.
Fischer, E., 2018. Wittgensteinian ‘Therapy’, Experimental Philosophy, and Metaphilosophical Naturalism. In: K. M. Cahill and T. Raleigh, eds. 2018. Wittgenstein and Naturalism. London & New York: Routledge, pp. 260-286.
Frances, B., 2016. Worrisome Skepticism about Philosophy. Episteme, 13(3), pp. 289-303.
Gerhardt, V., 2015. Philosophie. In: M. Willaschek, J. Stolzenberg, G. Mohr und S. Bacin, Hg. 2015. Kant-Lexikon. Berlin und Boston: de Gruyter, S. 1764-1775.
Glock,...
The language of muteness: examining the work of Gazdanov and Salkazanova in Paris
The article examines the principles and methods of constructing discourse that emerges through a unique combination of socio-cultural and linguistic factors in the context of a European metropolis. Participants involved are representatives of the first and second wave of Russian emigration: Gaito (Georgy Ivanovich) Gazdanov, a prominent writer of the Russian diaspora, and Fatima Salkazanova, an aspiring journalist who crossed paths with Gazdanov in the 1960s in Paris while working in the Russian...
Translation as a journey through possible and impossible worlds
In this paper, translation is examined from the perspective of the semantics of possible worlds. The consequences of this viewpoint are explored, particularly in relation to the metaphor of traveling through possible and impossible worlds in translation practice. Special attention is given to cases where there are disparities between the world of the original text and the world of the translated text. For example, in the case of French subjunctive forms, which are grammatically mandatory in the original...
Different approaches to studying the tourist flows geography (the case of the Benelux countries)
... countries, using various approaches to data aggregation and visualization. The study is based on the national tourism statistics of the Benelux countries. Five leading countries in terms of the volume of inbound tourist flow in this region are considered: France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Belgium. Four different indicators were used to analyze the distribution of inbound tourist flow: the total number of arrivals of foreign and domestic tourists in the region, inbound tourist flow ...
Tool-Kit for Ethical Analysis of Video Games: Answer to the Challenges of the New Enlightenment
The authors of the idea of a “new Enlightenment”, Ernst von Weizsäcker and Anders Wijkman, in their 2018 report to the Club of Rome analyse the causes of the explosive development of science and technology in the Modern period and come to the conclusion that their triumph and existential threats stem in many ways from the ideals of Enlightenment, so that the future of humankind depends crucially on an ideological rethinking of man’s status in the world. They stress the need to enhance the...
Reclaiming the “Cultural Mandate”: The Idea of Sustainable Development in the Kantian Perspective
In the Club of Rome report Come on! Capitalism, Short-Termism, Population and the Destruction of the Planet (2018) Kant, along with other “old” Enlighteners, is presented as the father of a world-view which led to the destabilisation of the environment in which humanity exists. The authors of the report argue that the “old Enlightenment” with its individualism, faith in the market and a consumerist attitude to nature should be scrapped. I maintain that this assessment of Kant’s philosophy...