Preface
Biochemistry, microbiology, medicine
Ecological characteristics of test sites of Kaliningrad soils for microbiological monitoring
AbstractThis article offers an ecological analysis of urbanized ecosystem used for the microbiological monitoring of Kaliningrad soil. The authors show that the studied ecosystems differ in plant species diversity, types of soils, and physicochemical parameters, which must be taken into account when analyzing the soil microflora.
The assessment of the antioxidant status of medicinal plants from the collection of the botanical garden of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (Kaliningrad)
Abstract
This article analyses the content of phenolic antioxidants and ascorbic acid in medicinal plants of 66 species from 31 families. The study identified palnt species with a maximum content of biologically active compounds (phenolic antioxidants and ascorbic acid) and high antioxidant activity. These plants can be used as a basis for the creation of innovative functional food products
that have high antioxidant activity.
A study into the antyoxidantive activity of amaranth in the conditions of a black-soil region
AbstractThe authors registered a high content of antioxidantive substances in Amaranthus and identified the dependence of the extract antioxidantive activity on the method and period of sample collection, as well as the method of extraction and storage period. The highest content of antioxidants was registered in water extracts in September. The most effective method of sample collection is obtaining extracts from dry leaves of Amaranthus and storing water solution for further use for not more than 5 months. The best period for plant collection is the phase of flowering.
The state of antioxidant system in patients with alcohol abuse
AbstractA study into the content water-soluble antioxidants, ceruloplasmin and iron (III) in the blood serum in patients with alcohol abuse showed significant changes to the antioxidant system: an increase in the content of antioxidants and ceruloplasmin decreased and a decrease in that of iron (III). The authors focus on the gender-related differences: men exhibit greater changes in the content of antioxidants, whereas women in that of ceruloplasmin and iron (III).
The maintenance of guaiazulene in the essence of common yarrow growing on different soils
AbstractThe method of gas chromatography-spectrometry was used for the qualitative and quantitative identification of the composition of essential oil obtained from common yarrow growing in different soils in the climatic zone of the Kaliningrad region. The authors established that, depending on the type of soil, the content of сhamazulene and other components in essential oil can vary across a wide oncentration range.
The adaptation of cardiovascular system of primary school pupils
AbstractThis article presents the results of research on the dynamics of cardiovascular system adaptation mechanisms in primary school pupils according to the indices of vegetative and myocardial of haemodynamic homeostasis.
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-infected patients: risk factors, clinical features, outcomes, prevention
AbstractThis article claims that a decrease in the high frequency (62,5 %) of unfavourable outcomes of severe immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome can be achieved through an adequate monitoring of HIV-infected patients consisting in early detection, treatment and prevention of coinfections and swift elimination of other risk factors.
Zoology
L. woodpegion in the towns of the Kaliningrad region
AbstractThis article describes the condition of woodpigeon populations in 25 towns and large villages of the Kaliningrad region. The author focuses on the possible reasons for significant differences in the population density of woodpigeon in urban areas and pays attention to the origin of urban populations.
The comparative aspects of breeding bird fauna in Kaliningrad and other European cities
Abstract
The article offers and an analysis of breeding bird fauna of Kaliningrad incomparison to Polish and one Lithuania cities. A total of 168 species breed in the cities under consideration, 94 (57.7 %) of them are common for all cities. Jacquard's diversity index was used to assess the dependence of species compositionon the geographical location in 10 European cities. The Kaliningrad breeding bird fauna exhibits the greatest similarity with the avifauna of Poznan and the least similarity is with the avifauna of Moscow and Saint-Petersburg. Similarity of species composition reduces as the distance increases
(r = – 0,96; p < 0,001).
The reaction of Neomysis integer Leach, 1815 to changes in water salinity in the Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea
AbstractThis article proves that the individuals of Neomysis integer species can survive dramatic changes in water salinity of 0,2—14 ‰ producing viable posterity. A salinity exceeding 14 ‰ leads to the death of 100% individuals used in the experiment.
Zooplankton species composition in the dumping area of the Southeastern part of the Baltic Sea
AbstractThis article analyses the zooplankton species composition and species structure in the dumping area. The research was carried out in spring and summer of 1998—2009. Rotifera‚ Copepoda and Cladocera groups of zooplankton were studied. Certain changes to the zooplankton species structure were registered in the dumping area over the 12-year period.
The effect of exogenous hormonal compounds on the process of regeneration in flatworms
AbstractThis article describes the effect of three hormonal specimens — two analogues of sex steroid hormones (progesterone and testosterone) and a glycocorticoid hormone prednisolone (dehydrogenated analogue of hydrocortisone) —on the process of regeneration of freshwater planarian Dugesia lugubris Schmidt, 1861. The hormonal specimens differing on chemical nature and physiological activity have differently directed effect on the processes of regeneration. The rate of proliferation generally depends on the quality of recovering body part. This study confirms that planarians are suitable test objects for a study into the effects of chemicals of different nature on regeneration processes.
The spawning migration of smelt (Osmerus eperlanus eperlanus L.) in the rivers of the Curonian lagoon basin
AbstractThis article analyses the features of spawning migration of smelt in the rivers Neman and Matrosovka as a background for fishery regulation. The authors identify the period and extend of spawning migration in the rivers in 2011, the dynamics of catches per unit effort, and species composition of commercial catches. The calculation of optimal fishing effort in case of the transition of fishing into the rivers as a result of the ice conditions is presented in the article.
Botany and flora protection
An assessment of the introduction stability of woody plants in the South Baltic (Kaliningrad region)
AbstractThis article estimates the adaptive potential of woody plants to endure adverse weather conditions of winters 2009/10 and 2010/11. Special attention is paid to the temperature factor as a factor limiting the opportunities for introducing trees and shrubs.
The preservation of biodiversity of rare and endangered plant species in the Volgograd regional botanical garden
AbstractThis article focuses on the activity of the Volgograd regional botanical garden aimed at the creation of a collection of rare and endangered species, introduction, and the development of measures for introduction of promising species into the culture. The authors emphasize the role of seed fund in introduction studies and gene pool preservation, as well as the efficiency of cloned microreproduction of rare species.
The preservation of rare plant species in and in vitro genetic collection
AbstractAlongside the traditional ex situ plant conservation methods, the creation of gene banks in vitro is increasing in importance. The research and methodological framework for the creation and conservation of rare and valuable plant seed and meristem gene banks is being developed. In the creation of gene banks, special attention is paid to plant species representativeness and genetic stability preservation. Most of the plant material is stored in conditions of decelerated growth.
Registering of rare and endangered plant sprcies in the Volgograd region
AbstractThis article focuses on the activity aimed at registering of the populations of rare and endangered plant species in the Volgograd. The authors address the legal and methodological framework for this process and present the results of the work conducted.
The bological effects of thermal impact on plants
AbstractThe biological parameters of environment, such as the period of phenological phenomena, tree-rings, and physiological reactions in plants react to external and internal changes in the conditions of growth that can be used as indicators of the environment, its condition and changes. This article identifies the differences in the thermodynamic reactions of trees growing in areas with different seismicity.
The role of light factor in increasing field productivity
AbstractThe accumulation of green mass in annual long day plants was studied in different climatic conditions (northern Kazakhstan and the Kaliningrad region).
Geoecology
The feature of soil mantle in Kaliningrad
AbstractThis article focuses on the main trends of changing in the morphological properties of urban soils. It was established that urbiquasisoils of a predominant sandy-loam grain-size composition and neutral medium reaction prevail in the Kaliningrad soil mantle. Soddy-podzol, soddy-gley, and brown forest (cambisols) soils are found in some parks and suburban territories.
The energy of biosphere and the evolution of the Earth's crust
AbstractThis article discusses the role of bioaccumulation of solar energy by sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The authors corroborate the idea that the interaction between solar energy and biosphere play the decisive role in the Earth’s crust formation.
On the heat reactor of desert soils and its roel in the formation of water reserves during summer
AbstractExperimental research helps explain the mechanism of formation of water reserves in the soils of desert phytocenoses. The author arrives at a conclusion about the development of seasonal heat reactor in deserts, which affects the processes of night water condensation in soils in summer.
The current condition of Kaliningrad landscape environment (methodology and basic results)
AbstractAn original methodology for studying cultural landscapes and regenerative successions on territories of different genesis is used as a basis for a map of the current conditions of the landscapes of the Kaliningrad region. The authors come to a conclusion that shrinking socioeconomic space leads to an increase in the area of territories developing according to the natural scenario and exhibiting positive dynamics of regenerative succession.
On the possibile contrinution of advection into the formation of CIL in the Baltic Sea
AbstractThis article offers the results of an analysis of mean annual (1952—2005) data on the temperature and salinity in the Baltic Sea published by the Institute for Baltic Sea Research (Warnemünde, Germany). The data were averaged by months, one-degree quadrants, and 10 meter-thick layers. It was found that, throughout the year, 54 % of the minimum sea water temperatures in the intermediate layer are 0.01—0.1 °C lower than those at the surface of the same spot. It suggests the possibility of advection contributing to the formation of CIL in the Baltic Sea.