Dipolarization of the earth magnetic field and charge particles precipitation from the magnetic flux tube
.... et al. Magnetic dipolarization with substorm expansion onset // J. Geophys. Res. 2002. 107(A7).
8. Marklund G., Sandahl I., Opgenoorth H. A study of the dynamics of a discrete auroral arc // Planet. Space. Sci. 1982. Vol. 30. P. 179.
Volkov M.
magnetosphere substorm, dipolarization of the magnetic field lines, precipitation of the particles above auroral arc
105-112